Cog Psych Chapter 2 Exam Review

A specific person's face is represented in the nervous system by the firing of

a group of neurons each responding to a number of different faces

Brain-imaging techniques can determine all of the following EXCEPT

the structure of individual neurons

The temporal lobe is

where signals are received from the auditory system

Which of the following neural components is NOT found at the receiving end of neurons?

axon

Your author points out that studying the mind requires both ________ and ________ experiments.

behavioral; physiological

Josiah is trying to speak to his wife, but his speech is very slow and labored, often with jumbled sentence structure. Josiah may have damage to his

broca's area

Action potentials occur in the

axon

Ramon is looking at pictures of scantily clad women in a magazine. He is focusing on their body parts, particularly their chest and legs. Which part of Ramon's brain is activated by this viewing?

Extrastriate body area (EBA)

Which of the following procedures can be used to help determine the exact way in which nerve fibers communicate with each other?

DTI

Which of the following brain imaging techniques, discovered in 1908, is now a standard technique for detecting tumors and other brain abnormalities?

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Sarah has experienced brain damage making it difficult for her to understand spatial layout. Which area of her brain has most likely sustained damage?

Parahippocampal place area (PPA)

The key structural components of neurons are

cell body, dendrites and axon

The study of the physiological basis of cognition is known as

cognitive neuroscience

Early studies of brain tissue that used staining techniques and microscopes from the 19th century described the "nerve net." These early understandings were in error in the sense that the nerve net was believed to be

continuous

Brain imaging has made it possible to

determine which areas of the brain are involved in different cognitive processes

The idea that specific cognitive functions activate many areas of the brain is known as

distributed processing

Neurons that respond to specific qualities (e.g., such as orientation, movement, and length) that make up objects are called

feature detectors

When recording from a single neuron, stimulus intensity is represented in a single neuron by the

firing rate of action potentials

You are walking down the street and see a really nice car drive by. You notice many features of it: its color, movement, shape, location, and so forth. All of these features are processed

in different parts of the brain

The neuron doctrine is

in disagreement with nerve net theory

Which of the following statements is the most accurate with regard to specificity coding?

it is unlikely to be correct because there are too many stimuli in the world to have a separate neuron for each.

Barbara has recently been diagnosed with a rather aggressive form of abdominal cancer. Her oncologist is interested in determining the best way to treat her so that the tumors can be eliminated. Her gastroenterologist is focused on relieving her symptoms and giving her normal digestive functioning. Barbara is also seeing a psychologist, whose goal is to help her stay calm, relaxed, and keep her anxiety as minimal as possible while keeping her spirits up. The fact that these doctors are considering Barbara's situation with different goals and from different perspectives is similar to the idea of ________ presented in your textbook.

levels of analysis

Recordings from single neurons are conducted using which of these pieces of equipment?

microelectrode

Groups of interconnected neurons are referred to as

neural circuits

Groups of neurons or structures that are connected within the nervous system are called ________.

neural networks

The concept of distributed neural coding proposes that a specific object, like a face, is represented across a number of

neurons

In a procedure called diffusor tensor imaging (DTI), the way in which ________ diffuse(s) along the length of a nerve fiber is measured to determine how different nerves communicate with each other.

neurotransmitters

When conducting an experiment on how stimuli are represented by the firing of neurons, you notice that neurons respond differently to different faces. For example, Arthur's face causes three neurons to fire, with neuron 1 responding the most and neuron 3 responding the least. Roger's face causes three different neurons to fire, with neuron 7 responding the least and neuron 9 responding the most. Your results support ____ coding.

sparse

Which of the following is consistent with the idea of localization of function?

specific areas of the brain serve different functions, neurons in different areas of the brain respond to different stimuli, brain areas are specialized for specific functions

The idea of a grandmother cell is consistent with

specificity coding

Damage to Wernicke's area is in which lobe of the brain?

temporal

Which of the following statements best describes how neurons communicate with one another?

the chemical process takes place in the synapse

If the intensity of a stimulus that is presented to a touch receptor is increased, this tends to increase the _____ in the receptor's axon.

rate of nerve firing

The layer of neurons that lines the back of the eye is called the

retina

The _____ lobe of the cortex receives information from all of the senses and is responsible for coordination of the senses, as well as higher cognitive functions such as thinking and problem solving.

frontal

A grandmother cell responds

only to specific stimulus

A 10-month-old baby is interested in discovering different textures, comparing the touch sensations between a soft blanket and a hard wooden block. Tactile signals such as these are received by the _____ lobe.

parietal

Which part of the brain is important for touch, pressure, and pain?

parietal lobe

The fusiform face area (FFA) in the brain is often damaged in patients with

prosopagnosia

The occipital lobe is

the part of the cerebral cortex where the visual cortex is located

Paul Broca's and Carl Wernicke's research provided early evidence for

localization of function

Recording from single neurons in the brain has shown that neurons responding to specific types of stimuli are often clustered in specific areas. These results support the idea of

localization of function

Hemoglobin molecules in areas of high brain activity

lose some of the oxygen they are transporting

If kittens are raised in an environment that contains only verticals, you would predict that most of the neurons in their visual cortex would respond best to the visual presentation of a

picket fence

A synapse is

the gap that separates two different neurons