COGNITION FINAL EXAM

In which of the following examples of two different brain-injured patients (Tom and Tim) is a double dissociation demonstrated?

Tom has good semantic memory and poor episodic memory, while Tim has good episodic memory but poor semantic memory.

Severe damage to the hippocampus impairs ones.....

ability to form new long term memories AND ability to retrieve episodic memories

Bransford and Johnson's study had participants hear a passage which turned out to be about a man on the street serenading his girlfriend in a tall building The wording of the passage made it difficult to understand, but looking at a picture made it easier to understand, but looking at a picture made it easier to understand. The results of this study illustrated the importance of ____________ in forming reliable long-term memories.

an organizational context during learning

Which of the following represents the most effective chunking of the digit sequence 14929111776?

1492 911 1776

_______________ is the process of acquiring information and transferring it into long-term memory, while _________________ is the process of remembering information that has been stored into long-term memory.

Encoding; retrieval

Chase and Simon's research compared memory of chess masters and beginners for the position of game pieces on sample chess boards. They found that the chess master remembered positions better when the arrangement of the pieces was consistent with a real game but not when the pieces were randomly placed. The significance of this finding was that

chunking requires knowledge of familiar patterns or concepts

When investigating the serial position curve, delaying the memory test for 30 seconds....

decreases the recency effect

_______________ memories are to experiences as __________________ memories are to facts.

episodic; semantic

Despite Clive Wearing extensive memory deficits, he was still able to play the piano, demonstrating that his condition did not affect his __________.

implicit memory

The recency effect occurs because information presented last is more likely to be...

in short term memory

K.C., who was injured in a motorcycle accident, remembers facts like the difference between a strike and a spare in bowling, but he is unaware of experiencing things like hearing about the circumstances of his brother's death, which occurred two years before the accident. His memory behavior suggests.....

intact semantic memory but defective episodic memory

Marlene, who injured in a motorcycle accident, remembers facts like the difference between a touchdown and a field goal, but she is unaware of experiencing things like dancing at her sister's wedding. which occured two years before the accident. Her memory behavior suggests...

intact semantic memory but defective episodic memory

According to "levels of processing theory", which of the following tasks will produce the best long-term memory for a set of words?

making a connection between each word and something you've previously learned

Roger has reduced digit span indicating that he most likely has a problem with _____________.

poor short-term memory

Bianca has been parking in the second row of the parking lot A, outside of Wynn academic building for about 2 weeks. She arrives to campus late and finds the entire lot full and has to park in lot D near the student union. She attends class in Wynn and afterward heads to parking lot A to get in her car and drive home. After wandering the lot seven minutes, she realizes that she actually parked in lot D and not lot A. Bianca suffered from a moment of......

proactive interference

Lamar has just gotten a new job attending a company party where he will meet his colleagues for the first time. His boss escorts him around to small groups to introduce him. At the first group, Lamar meets four people and is told only their first names. The same thing happens with a second group and a third group. At the fourth group, Lamar is told their names and that one of the women in the group is the company accountant. A little while later, Lamar realizes that while he remembers the names of the people in the fourth group, he can no longer recall the names of anyone he met earlier in the party. Lamar's experience demonstrates.

retroactive interference

Observations that people may actually process and manipulate information rather than simply store it for brief periods of time challenged the conceptualization of...

short-term memory

One function of _____________ is controlling the suppression of irrelevant information.

the central executive

Imagine yourself walking from your car, bus stop, or dorm to your first class. Your ability to form such a picture in your mind depends on which of the following components of working memory?

the visuospatial sketch pad

The primacy effect occurs because information presented first is more likely to be...

transferred to long term memory

Working memory differs from short-term memory in that

working memory is concerned with the manipulation of information