Cognitive Psych Exam 2

Articulatory suppression causes a decrease in the word-length effect because

a. saying "the, the, the" fills up the phonological loop. b. saying "la, la, la" forces participants to use visual encoding. c. talking makes the longer words seem even longer. d. elaborative rehearsal helps transfer information into LTM.

An item on an implicit memory test would most likely resemble which of the following?

a. "Report the first word that you associate with TREE." b. "Explain your earliest personal memory that relates to TREE." c. "Which of the following words is related to "plant," TREE or SHOE." d. "Fill in the following with the first word that comes to mind: T _ _ E."

The following statement represents what kind of memory? "The Beatles stopped making music together as a group in the early 1970s."

a. Episodic b. Semantic c. Procedural d. Implicit

The conclusion from the experiment in which a chess master and a chess novice were asked to remember the positions of chess pieces on a chess board was that

a. chess masters outperform novices in all conditions. b. chess masters have developed better memory skills than novices. c. novices do better because they are not distracted by irrelevant knowledge about previous chess games. d. chess masters use chunking to help them remember actual game arrangements.

Schrauf and Rubin's "two groups of immigrants" study found that the reminiscence bump coincided with periods of rapid change, occurring at a normal age for people emigrating early in life but shifting to 15 years later for those who emigrated later. These results support the

a. cognitive hypothesis. b. self-image hypothesis. c. narrative rehearsal hypothesis. d. autobiographical hypothesis.

Bransford and Johnson's study had participants hear a passage which turned out to be about a man on the street serenading his girlfriend in a tall building. The wording of the passage made it difficult to understand, but looking at a picture made it easier to understand. The results of this study illustrated the importance of _______ in forming reliable long-term memories.

a. implicit memory during learning b. an organizational context during learning c. deep processing during retrieval d. imagery

Asking people to recall the most influential events that happened during their college careers show that ____ in people's lives appear to be particularly memorable.

a. peer-group experiences b. academic challenges c. the sophomore year d. transition points

The primacy effect is attributed to

a. recall of information stored in LTM. b. a type of rehearsal that improves memory for all items in a list. c. recall of information still active in STM. d. forgetting of early items in a list as they are replaced by later items.

The three structural components of the modal model of memory are

a. receptors, occipital lobe, temporal lobe. b. receptors, temporal lobe, frontal lobe. c. sensory memory, short-term memory, long-term memory. d. sensory memory, iconic memory, rehearsal.

According to your text, imagery enhances memory because

a. research shows people like pictures better than words, so there is an enhanced emotional response. b. the brain processes images more easily than the meanings of words. c. imagery can be used to create connections between items to be remembered. d. pictures fit better with our basic instincts because children learn pictures before reading words.

An example of a dissociation is evidenced by a brain-injured patient who

a. shows a significantly reduced digit span. b. cannot recognize either familiar faces or familiar voices. c. exhibits a recency effect but no primacy effect. d. shows evidence for deeper processing and shallow processing.

Your text argues that the proper procedure for measuring the accuracy of flashbulb memories is

a. source monitoring. b. scripting. c. repeated recall. d. pre-cueing.

Shallow processing of a word is encouraged when attention is focused on

a. the number of vowels in a word. b. the meaning of a word. c. the pleasantness of a word. d. the category of a word.

Autobiographical memory research shows that a person's brain is more extensively activated when viewing photos

a. the person has seen before. b. of familiar places. c. they took themselves. d. the person has never seen before.

People often report an annoying memory failure when they walk from one end of the house to the other for something and then forgetting what they went to retrieve when they reach their destination. As soon as they return to the first room, they are reminded of what they wanted in the first place. This common experience best illustrates the principle of

a. the self-reference effect. b. maintenance rehearsal. c. levels of processing theory. d. encoding specificity.

When a sparkler is twirled rapidly, people perceive a circle of light. This occurs because

a. the trail you see is caused by sparks left behind from the sparkler. b. due to its high intensity, we see the light from the sparkler for about a second after it goes out. c. the length of iconic memory (the persistence of vision) is about one-third of a second. d. Gestalt principles work to complete the circle in our minds.