Cognitive Psych Questions

Articulary suppression does all but which of the following?

It interferes with semantic coding (does not)

Which of the following is a criticism of analytic introspection?

It produces variable results from person to person.

According to the model of working memory, which of the following mental tasks should LEAST adversely affect people's driving performance while operating a car along an unfamiliar, winding road?

Trying to remember the definition of a word they just learned

Which statement best summarizes the focus of the Gestalt psychologists

We want to understand how elements are added up to create sensations

Have you ever tried to think of the words and hum the melody of one song while the radio is playing a different song? People have often noted that this is very difficult to do. This difficulty can be understood as

articulary suppression

Action potential occurs in the

axon

The process by which small objects become perceptually grouped to form larger objects is the principle of

perceptual organization

When light from a flashlight is moved quickly back and forth on a wall in a darkened room, it can appear to observers that there is a trail of light moving across the wall, even though physically the light is only in one place at any given time. This experience is an effect of memory that occurs because of

persistence of vision

If a word is identified more easily when it is in a sentence than when it is presented alone, this would be an example of ---- processing

top-down

The stroop effect occurs when participants

try to name colors and ignore words

The temporal lobe is

where signals are received from the auditory system

The perception pathway corresponds to the ---- pathway, while the action pathway corresponds to the ---- pathway

where, what

"Every stimulus pattern is seen in such a way that the resulting structure is as simple as possible" refers to which Gestalt law?

Good figure

When recording from a single neuron, stimulus intensity is represented in a single neuron by the

firing rate of the action potentials

According to the filter model of attention, which of the following messages would likely by identified by the filter?

A message with an unfamiliar foreign accent

Which of the following is consistent with the idea of localization of function?

(all of the above) -- Brain areas are specialized for specific functions -- Neurons in different areas of the brain respond best to different stimuli -- Specific areas of the brain serve different functions

Which of the following sets of results shows evidence of proactive interference with a three-trial recall task? (Note: Read the selections as percent correct for Trial 1: Trial 2: Trial 3)

70% : 40% : 60% correct

Which of the following statements best describes how neurons communicate with one another?

A chemical process takes place in the synapse

Damage to Wernicke's area is in which lobe of the brain

Temporal

The episodic buffer directly connects to which two components in Baddeley's model of memory?

The central executive and long-term memory

Which stage in Treisman's "attenuation model" has a threshold component?

The dictionary unit

Evidence for the role of top-down processing in perception is shown by which of the following examples?

When someone accurately identifies a word in a song on a radio broadcast despite static interfering with reception

A specific person's face is represented in the nervous system by the firing of

a group of neurons each responding to a number of different faces

The sequence of steps that includes the image on the retina, changing the image into electrical signals, and neural processing is an example of _____ processing.

bottom-up

Gauthier and coworkers' experiment on experience-dependent plasticity showed that after extensive "Greeble recognition" training sessions, FFA neurons had a(n) --- response to faces, and an ---- response to Greebles.

decreased, increased

Which of the following is most closely associated with Treisman's attenuation theory of selective attention?

dictionary unit

You are walking down the street and see a really nice car drive by. You notice many features of it: its color, movement, shape, location and so forth. All of these features are processed

in different parts of the brain

Lan has no idea what she just read in her text because she was thinking about how hungry she is and what she is going to have for dinner. This is a real-world example of

inattentional blindness

The first experiments in cognitive psychology were based on the idea that mental responses can be

inferred from the participant's behavior.

Sperling's delayed partial report procedure provided evidence that

information in sensory memory fades within 1 or 2 seconds

Viewpoint ---- is the ability to recognize the same object even if it is seen from different perspectives

invariance

The task of determining the object responsible for a particular image on one's retina is called the

inverse projection problem

Scene schema is

knowledge about what is contained in a typical scene

The emphasis of the concept of working memory is on how information is

manipulated

In Schneider and Shiffrin's experiment, in which participants were asked to indicate whether a target stimulus was present in a series of rapidly presented "frames," divided attention was easier

once processing had become automatic

A grandmother cell responds

only to a specific stimulus

Ebbinghaus's "memory" experiments were important because they

plotted functions that described the operation of the mind.

Research on monkeys has shown that the part of the brain most closely associated with working memory is the

prefrontal cortex

Suppose you (a student) are asked by a teacher to learn a poem you will recite in front of your class. Soon after, both you and a classmate, J.P., are asked by another teacher to learn the lyrics to an unfamiliar song. When you and J.P. are later asked to remember the song lyrics, you have a much more difficult time recalling them than J.P. does. This impairment of your performance is most likely attributable to

proactive interference

Given the different theoretical components of working memory, the code for these memories is most likely based on the ---- of the stimulus

sound

When conducting an experiment on how stimuli are represented by the firing of neurons, you notice that neurons respond differently to different faces. For example, Arthur's face causes three neurons to fire, with neuron 1 responding the most and neuron 3 responding the least. Roger's face causes three different neurons to fire, with neuron 7 responding the least and neuron 9 responding the most. Your results support ____ coding.

sparse

The idea of a grandmother cell is consistent with

specificity coding

Which of the following is an example of an effect of top-down processing

speech segmentation

One function of ____ is to pull information out of long-term memory.

the central executive

Computer programs have been designed that can recognize, matching human faces with the same accuracy as a human being, but the computer loses its efficiency at this process when

the faces are viewed from an angle.