Cognitive Psychology - Chapter 8

Loftus and Palmer's "car-crash films" experiment shows how a seemingly minor word change can produce a large change in eyewitness reporting (especially the estimated speed of the cars). In this study, the critical words were _______________.

"Hit vs. smashed."

Which of the following is NOT a correct description of the flashbulb memories?

All of the above are correct.

Which of the following is NOT a correct description of the results from eyewitness-testimony experiments?

All of the above are correct.

According to the cognitive interview technique, we should let eyewitness _____________.

Both A and B.

Which of the following effect is most closely related to the cognitive hypothesis of reminiscence bump?

Spacing effect.

In the experiment in which participants sat in a psychology-experiment office and then were asked to remember what they saw in the office, participants "remembered" things, like books, that weren't actually there. This experiment illustrates the effect of on memory.

(Scene) schemas.

Which of the following is NOT a correct description of the three explanations for the reminiscence bump?

Cognitive hypothesis: busy period of life that is followed by a relaxed and stable period of life causes stronger memory about the relaxed period.

Bartlett's experiment in which English participants were asked to recall the "War of the Ghosts" story that was based on Canadian Indian culture demonstrated the constructive nature of memory. Specifically, it demonstrated that memory is altered based on one's ___________.

Cultural background.

According to cognitive psychologists, it is better to have an administrator of the lineup procedure who _________ know whether or not the lineup has a real suspect/perpetrator while letting the eyewitness know that there _________ be the suspect.

Does not; may not.

What is flashbulb memory?

Memory for circumstances surrounding shocking or highly charged important events.

When sentence A, The flimsy shelf weakened under the weight of the books. Is followed by sentence B, The flimsy shelf ________ under the weight of the books.

Memory is reconstructed based on previous/typical language usage.

According to the experiment that involves emotional and neutral picture surrounded by color frames, people are ______ confident to recognize emotional pictures than to recognize neutral pictures, but their memory for the frame color is ________ accurate for the emotional pictures.

More; less.

Which of the following is NOT a correct description of the effect of emotion on memory?

People are less confident with remembering emotional events.

As a supporting evidence of the cognitive hypothesis of the reminiscence bump, researchers found that people who immigrated at the age of 34-35 show a reminiscence bump that is ______.

Postponed comparing to those of people who immigrated at the age of 20-24.

According to cognitive psychologists, it is better to have ________ lineup and ________ in the lineup.

Serial; fillers. (Someone similar to the suspect/perpetrator.)