Cognitive Psychology Quiz 2

Attention influences what we perceive. For example___ blindness is when an object is not perceived because you're not attending to it while, ____ blindness occurs when a change in a visual stimulus goes unnoticed by the observer

inattentional ; change

observations that participants could do two tasks at once, such as focusing on a digit-span task while comprehending a paragraph, challenged the conceptulization

short-term memory

The cocktail party effect is

the ability to pay attention to one message and ignore others, yet hear distinctive features of the unattended messages

Which of the following represents the most effective chunking of the digit sequence 14929111776

1492 911 1776

The effective duration of short-term memory, when rehearsal is prevented, is

15-30 seconds

Peterson and Peterson studied how well participants can remember groups of three letters (like BRT, QSD) after various delays. They found that participants remembered an average of 80 percent of the groups after 3 seconds buy only 10 percent after 18 seconds. They hypothesized that this decrease in performance was due to ___, but later research showed that is was actually due to ____.

Decay; interference

Which component of Baddeley's Working Memory Model was added when the model was revised?

Episodic buffer

Clive Wearing, the ex-choral director, experienced what memory problem?

Impaired long-term memory

When light from a flashlight is moved quickly back and forth on a wall in a darkened room, it can appear to observers that there is a trail of light moving across the wall, even though physically the light is only in one place at any given time. this experience is an effect of memory that occurs because of

Persistence of vision

Name the three main components of Baddeley's Working Memory Model

Phonological loop, central executive, visual-spatial sketchpad

Broadbent's "filter model" proposes that the filter identifies the attended message based on

Physical Characteristics

When Sam listen to his girlfriend Susan in the restaurant and ignores other people's conversations, he is engaged in the process of:

Selective attention

The three structural components of the modal model of memory are: Input -->___ -->____ <----> _____

Sensory memory, short-term memory, long-term memory

Which of the following is most closely associated with Treisman's attenuation theory of selective attention Messages-->____--attended/unattended messages---> ___ --> to memory

dictionary unit

which stage of Treisman's attenuation model has a threshold component?

dictionary unit

the ability to pay attention to, or carry out, two or more different tasks simultaneously is known as:

divided attention

the Stroop effect demonstrates people's inability to ignore the ___ of word

meaning

the use of an eye tracker can help reveal the shifting of one's ____ attention

overt

According to Treisman's feature integration theory, the first stage of perception is called the ____ stage

preattentive

Wickens at el (1976) conducted a study in which one participants group was initially presented with the names of three different fruits across multiple trials. Eventually, participants had a difficult time remembering the names of the fruits. Another group of participants were presented with the names of three professions on trials 1,2, and 3 and with the names of three fruits on trial 4. On this fourth trial, participants were able to better recall the fruit names than they could the professions names. the reason the participants were able to recall the fruits better than the professions was due to:

release from proactive interference

Coding refers to the way information is

represented

Information remains in sensory memory for

seconds or a fraction of a second

if you remember something in terms of its meaning, the type of encoding you are using is

semantic

In Broadbent's filter model (depicted above), the stages of information processing occur in which order Messages-->___-->___-- attended message--> ____ --> to memory

sensory memory, filter, detector, memory

Working memory differs from short-term memory in that

working memory is concerned with the manipulation of information