Cognitive Psychology Quiz Three

Research on the use of cell phones while driving indicates that

the main effect of cell phone use on driving safety can be attributed to the fact that attention is used up by the cognitive task of talking on the phone

Which experimental result caused problems for Broadbent's filter model of selective attention?

the result of the "Dear Aunt Jane" experiment

"________ is the process by which features such as color, form, motion, and location are combined to create our perception of a coherent object."

Binding

According to the filter model of attention, which of the following messages would likely by identified by the filter?

A message with an unfamiliar accent

The Stroop effect occurs when participants

B. try to name colors and ignore words.

Which of the following options would not be an important factor in automatic processing?

Close attention

Which of the following is most closely associated with Treisman's attenuation theory of selective attention?

Dictionary unit

A bottom-up process is involved in fixating on an area of a scene that

Has high stimulus salience

The Stroop effect demonstrates

How automatic processing can interfere with intended processing

Lan has no idea what she just read in her text because she was thinking about how hungry she is and what she is going to have for dinner. This is a real-world example of

Inattentional blindness

Scene schema is

Knowledge about what is contained in a typical scene

Eye tracking studies investigating attention as we carry out actions such as making a peanut butter sandwich shows that a person's eye movements

Were primarily determined by the task

"The main difference between early and late selection models of attention is that in late selection models, selection of stimuli for final processing doesn't occur until the information is analyzed for"

Meaning

The use of a machine that tracks the movement of one's eyes can help reveal the shifting of one's _____ attention.

Overt

Posner and coworkers (1978) deduced which of the following from their research?

People move their attention from one thing to another

"When a person is shadowing a message, he or she is"

Saying the message out loud

"When Sam listens to his girlfriend Susan in the restaurant and ignores other people's conversations, he is engaged in the process of ____ attention."

Selective

"According to your text, the ability to divide attention depends on all of the following EXCEPT"

Task Cueing

"In Simons and Chabris's ""change blindness"" experiment, participants watch a film of people playing basketball. Many participants failed to report that a woman carrying an umbrella walked through because the"

The participants were focussed on counting the ball passes

The cocktail party effect is

The phenomenon of the brain's ability to focus one's auditory attention (an effect of selective attention in the brain) on a particular stimulus while filtering out a range of other stimuli, as when a partygoer can focus on a single conversation in a noisy room.

"Imagine that U.S. lawmakers are considering changing the driving laws and that you have been consulted as an attention expert. Given the principles of divided attention, in which of the following conditions would a person have the most difficulty with driving and therefore pose the biggest safety risk on the road?"

When the person is driving an unfamiliar vehicle that is more difficult to operate

"Suppose twin teenagers are vying for their mother's attention. The mother is trying to pay attention to one of her daughters, though both girls are talking (one about her boyfriend, one about a school project). According to the operating characteristics of Treisman's attenuator, it is most likely the attenuator is analyzing the incoming messages in terms of"

meaning

"According to Treisman's ""attenuation model,"" which of the following would you expect to have the highest threshold for most people?"

The word platypus

"In support of late selection models, Donald MacKay showed that the presentation of a biasing word on the unattended ear influenced participants' processing of ____ when they were ____ of that word."

ambiguous sentences: unaware

"Colin Cherry's experiment in which participants listened to two different messages, one presented to each ear, found that people"

could focus on one message and ignore the other one at the same time

Which of the following everyday scenarios is most likely to support what the early selection approach would say about how attention will affect the performance of the two tasks involved?

d. conversing on the phone while doing a crossword puzzle