College US History Chapters 15-20

When did the United States begin trading with China? *

1784

Which census first revealed that a majority of Americans were living in cities *

1920

The final two decades of the nineteenth century saw over _________ strikes and lockouts. *

20,000

From 1880 to 1950, approximately _______ African Americans were murdered by white mobs. *

5,000

In the election of 1896, 130,000 black Louisianans voted. In 1900 the number was_____________. *

5,320

By 1890, in most large northern cities, immigrants and their children amounted to what percent of the population? *

60%

By 1900, the richest ten percent controlled perhaps _______ percent of the nation's wealth. *

90%

What was the Open Door Policy? *

A call for all western powers to have equal access to Chinese markets

What was the Lost Cause? *

A glorification of the memory of the Confederacy and a romanticization of the Old South as a pastoral land with benevolent masters and happy slaves

What economic opportunity drew the most migrants to the West? *

Access to land for agriculture

The Paiute prophet Wovoka promised that which of the following would occur if Indians obeyed his instructions and participated in the ceremony that came to be called the Ghost Dance *

Dead relatives would return to Earth Drought would end and the buffalo would return Anglo settlers would disappear in an apocalyptic disaster (All)

How did the Roosevelt Corollary modify the Monroe Doctrine? *

Declaring that the U.S. had the right to preemptive action through intervention in any Latin American nation to correct administrative and fiscal deficiencies

The Socialist Party of America achieved which of the following gains in the early twentieth century? *

Elected over 1,000 candidates to American political offices Gained over 150,000 registered members Garnered nearly one million votes for Socialist Party presidential candidate Eugene Debs in 1912 (All)

Black delegates actively participated in revising the state constitutions of southern states. In addition to election reform, what other major accomplishment did these delegates achieve? *

Established public school systems

How was the transcontinental railroad funded? *

Grants and loans from the federal government

Which of the following events most seriously damaged the Knights of Labor? *

Haymarket Affair

Why did William Jennings Bryan attack the Gold Standard? *

He wanted to increase inflation to lower the burden of farmers debts

Why did the Ku Klux Klan attack Allen Huggins? *

He was a white sheriff and tax collector who supported freedpeople's civil rights

The Depression of 1873 began when a prominent business declared bankruptcy. What was the name of that company? *

Jay Cooke and Company

Which of the following environmental thinkers advocated preservation rather than conservation? *

John Muir

Which of the following groups was the most radical? *

Knights of Labor

How did progressive Democrats in the South seek to solve the problems of racial strife? *

Legislating segregation

Taylorism attempted to use scientific principles to better handle which aspect of business? *

Management

During the nineteenth century, American interests in the Middle East revolved around all of the following EXCEPT *

Oil (versus: religion, education, and access to trade routes)

What was the term for the African American ladies memorial association that arranged the mourning for Union soldiers buried in Charleston? *

Patriotic Association

What tactics were used to disenfranchise black voters? *

Poll taxes Literacy tests Violence and intimidation

How did the United States respond to the Boxer Rebellion in China? *

President McKinley sent the U.S. Army into China without consulting congress

What explains the popularity of Wild West shows? *

Tapped into anxieties about men losing their masculinity in the "softer" world of factory and office work Most Americans believed that Native cultures were disappearing, if not already gone, and felt a sense of urgency to see their dances and hear their songs The Old West seemed an uncomplicated place where the struggle between right and wrong was clear, unlike modern America which seemed increasingly morally complicated.

A wave of mergers peaked between 1897 and 1904. The largest of these mergers created the first billion dollar American corporation. What was that corporation? *

United States Steel

Why did so many die in the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire? *

Unsafe working conditions

Why did President Wilson authorize the invasion of Veracruz, Mexico? *

Victoriano Huerta executed democratically elected president, Francisco Madero Americans with financial investments in Mexico asked for intervention Mexican forces mistakenly arrested American sailors

Edison not only created a way to record sound with the ________________ but also sight with the ________________. *

phonograph; kinetograph

Approximately what percent of early rodeo contestants were women? *

10%

All of the following statements regarding the National Women's Party are true EXCEPT *

Advocated violent resistance to sexism (versus: Led by Alice Paul Picketed the White House Over 150 members were arrested and imprisoned)

What was the most important aspect of the southern economy in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries? *

Agriculture

All of the following were candidates in the 1912 presidential election EXCEPT *

Al Smith (versus: Woodrow Wilson, Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft)

What was Frederick Jackson Turner's "Frontier Thesis?" *

American culture was forged by the struggle between civilized settlers and savage frontier life, giving it a democratic and hardworking spirit

How did the Fourteenth Amendment change American governance? *

Asserted the federal government's power to enforce the Bill of Rights over the authority of the states

When the Spanish-American War broke out, Theodore Roosevelt was *

Assistant Secretary to the Navy

What terrorist tactics did white southerners use to enforce racial hierarchies? *

Attacking black candidates and office holders and frightening voters with threats of violence Targeting freedpeople who tried to purchase land or otherwise become too independent from the white masters they used to rely on White men beat or shot black men with relative impunity, and did so over minor squabbles, labor disputes, longstanding grudges, and crimes of passion

How did President Lincoln respond to the Sioux Uprising? *

Attempted to commute the sentences of captured Indians in order to maintain peace

In the late nineteenth century, which American city had the largest meat processing industry? *

Chicago

Which city served as the most important railroad hub, connecting the East and the West? *

Chicago

Which of these authors criticized Victorian era gender norms? *

BOTH Charlotte Perkins Gilman and Kate Chopin

When did Reconstruction begin? *

Before the war ended

Which ethnic group faces the most rigid immigration restrictions? *

Chinese

Who advocated racial accomodationism? *

Booker T. Washington

By 1913, the United States produced one-third of the world's industrial output. This was more than __________. *

Britain France Germany

The Sand Creek Massacre of the ____________ tribe occurred in ____________ in 1864. *

Cheyenne; Colorado

________________, wrote an influential book, Southern Horrors: Lynch Law in All Its Phases and helped inspire the anti-lynching movement. *

Ida B. Wells

How did railroads transform the American economy? *

Created a new white color middle class of managers Inspired the development of organized labor to meet the needs of a permanent working class Increased the role of government in the economy

As President Theodore Roosevelt transformed the American navy by emphasizing which of the following strategies? *

Creating battleships and a "blue water" navy that would win battles against rival fleets

Black codes, including vagrancy laws had which of the following effects? *

Criminalized black leisure Limited black mobility Locked many into exploitative farming contracts (All)

Women participated in the global influence of the United States in many ways, including as all of the following EXCEPT *

Diplomats (versus: missionaries, teachers, and medical professionals)

How did southern reformers seek to combat corruption? *

Disenfranchising black voters

Which of the following goal of freedpeople was the least successful? *

Gaining access to land

The Homestead Act granted official title to 160-acre plots of land after how many years of settlement? *

Five years

What was the most significant change in the American economy as a result of the Civil War? *

Increased presence of the federal government in the economy

Which of the following definition best describes the work of muckrakers? *

Investigative journalists

Why did women's rights leaders oppose the Fourteenth Amendment? *

It introduced the word "male" into the Constitution for the first time

Which of the following writers most effectively used photography in their work? *

Jacob Riis

Which of the following factors contributed to William McKinley's victory over William Jennings Bryan in the 1896 election? *

McKinley had greater support in the population dense northeast McKinley was able to spend five times more than Bryan on the campaign

Most practices and objects associated with American cowboys were modified from ______ranchers. *

Mexican

Which of the following statements regarding "muscular Christianity" are true: *

Motivated by a fear that the country had become a nation of emasculated men Sought to stiffen young men's' backbones by putting them in touch with their primal manliness Built summer camps and gymnasiums where young American men could strengthen their bodies and spirits (All)

What did the Populists propose in the Omaha Platform? *

Nationalizing the country's railroad and telegraph systems to ensure that essential services would be run in the best interests of the people Establishment of a network of federally-managed warehouses—called subtreasuries—which would extend government loans to farmers Promoted an inflationary monetary policy by monetizing silver

Theodore Roosevelt first gained fame as a trustbuster by attacking which monopoly in 1902? *

Northern Securities

The Compromise of 1877 did which of the following? *

Promised the removal of federal troops from the South

How did black churches help to develop political organization in black communities? *

Providing gathering places for political meetings Training leaders for both preaching and political work Creating opportunities for women

Catholic clergymen who took up the name "Americanists" believed in all of the following EXCEPT *

Public schools were a danger to the Catholic faith (versus: Catholic immigrants should try to assimilate into the English-speaking mainstream The Church should close "ethnic parishes" The separation of church and state would benefit Catholicism)

Why were southerners unable to maintain unity in the People's Party? *

Racial conflict

Which group received more land from the government? *

Railroad companies (versus homesteading families)

All of the following groups provided cultural space for immigrants to maintain their arts, languages, and traditions EXCEPT *

Rotary clubs (versus workmen's clubs, mutual-aid societies, and parish churches)

What legal principle was enshrined by the Supreme Court case Plessy v. Ferguson? *

Separate but equal

General William T. Sherman's Special Field Order No. 15 was intended to do which of the following? *

Set aside land in Georgia and South Carolina as homesteads for freed people

What was the most common labor pattern in postbellum cotton agriculture?

Sharecropping

Which group founded the People's Party (also known as the Populists)? *

Small farmers in the South, Midwest, and Great Plains

What was the purpose of the Dawes General Allotment Act? *

Splintered vast Native American reservations into individual family homesteads

Which of the following statements regarding Jane Addams' activism are true? *

Spoke out against militarism Created an influential settlement home in Chicago Favored cooperation between the rich and the poor (All)

Which of the following most accurately describes the arguments of Social Darwinism? *

State welfare and private charity would lead to degeneration by perpetuating the survival of the weak

What did the United States demand from the Comanche leading to the Red River War? *

The United States demanded that the Comanche settle on government reservations

What most directly explains the boost in production of McCormick reapers? *

The adoption of interchangeable parts

The Dakota Uprising of 1862 began with what event? *

The death of five white settlers at the hands of four young Santee men

What was the "tainted money debate?" *

The decision whether the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions would accept a large donation by John D. Rockefeller

Which of the following best describes the Social Gospel? *

The goal of saving society as well as souls

All of the following statements regarding the Philippine-American War are true EXCEPT *

The war began with the assassination of Emilio Aguinaldo, president of the First Philippine Republic (versus: The United States received the territory of the Philippines after the Spanish-American War The Filipinos were fighting in attempt to earn independence The beginning of the Philippine-American War was marked with confusion)

All of the following statements regarding the boosters of the New South are true EXCEPT *

They saw economic independence as a means of limiting connections between North and South (versus: They embraced industrialization as a tool to encourage economic development They were exclusively white and sought to maintain the racial status quo They sought to move away from the South's dependence on cotton, believing that agricultural diversification would lead to economic development)

All of the following statements regarding the Guano Islands Act of 1856 are true EXCEPT *

This legislation put Guano Islands on a path to statehood that later was rejected (versus: Guano was a popular fertilizer that was integral to industrial farming This legislation authorized and encouraged Americans to venture into the seas and claim islands with guano deposits for the United States These acquisitions were the first insular, unincorporated territories of the United States)

What was the purpose of Western cattle drives? *

To bring cattle to eastern markets, mostly through railroad hubs

W. E. B. Du Bois, founder of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, broke with his former mentor Booker T. Washington because Du Bois believed that Washington _______. *

Was not bold enough

At the turn of the century, the percentage of immigrants from which region decreased in relation to other regions? *

Western Europe