collegeboard progress checks

7, 5, 10, 4, 4 What is the median of the numbers above? -4 -5 -6 -7 -10

5

Which hormone is released when a person is under stress? -Progesterone -Testosterone -Estrogen -Oxytocin -Cortisol

Cortisol

A drug that is used to treat seizures functions by preventing inhibitory neurotransmitters from returning to the presynaptic neuron. This slows the rate of neurons firing by increasing the amount of the inhibitory neurotransmitter in the synapse. The drug is most likely to be classified as a -GABA reuptake inhibitor (GRI) -selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) -hallucinogen -stimulant -beta blocker

GABA reuptake inhibitor (GRI)

Which of the following is true of the American Psychological Association? -It addresses a number of ethical guidelines for the practice of psychology. -It determines whether studies that are going to be conducted at an institution are ethical. -It regulates animal welfare in research. -It regulates laws about psychological issues. -It is home to one of the largest medical research centers.

It addresses a number of ethical guidelines for the practice of psychology.

What is the primary advantage of conducting a survey rather than using other types of research methods? -The group receiving the new medication -The group receiving the standard medication -The rating of the participant's mood levels -The series of questions -The participants

Surveys can gather information from a diverse representation of and a large number of people.

Antagonists function by -mimicking neurotransmitters that bind to neural receptors to cause neural firing -blocking receptors to prevent other neurotransmitters from binding to the neural receptors -prompting the production of neurotransmitters -strengthening the connections between neurons -raising the threshold at which the neuron will fire

blocking receptors to prevent other neurotransmitters from binding to the neural receptors

The psychodynamic theory of dreaming would postulate that -time spent dreaming helps with problem solving and creativity -people sleep more after they have engaged in strenuous physical activity -dreams are the brain's way of making sense of random neural activity -dreams fulfill unconscious wishes -lions sleep more than deer

dreams fulfill unconscious wishes

The hormone most associated with the fight or flight response is -oxytocin -epinephrine -testosterone -estrogen -dopamine

epinephrine

A person whose body is not producing enough testosterone is most likely to exhibit -overly aggressive behavior -fatigue -memory loss -increased hunger -increased thirst

fatigue

The phenomenon of declining physiological effects of taking a drug after sustained use is referred to as -endorphin release -withdrawal -long-term potentiation -tolerance -a relapse

tolerance

The fatty casing that helps speed up the neural transmissions of a neuron is called the -medulla -myelin sheath -cerebrum -soma -corpus callosum

myelin sheath

The parietal lobe is most involved in -processing sensory information -storing information in long-term memory -coordinating complex motor movements -regulating emotions -triggering the fight-or-flight response

processing sensory information

Waking up frequently, loud snoring, silent pauses in breathing, and sleepiness during the day are symptoms of -somnambulism -sleep apnea -narcolepsy -circadian rhythm sleep disorders -insomnia

sleep apnea

Michael Gazzaniga is best known for -showing that cats can learn to escape puzzle boxes -conditioning Little Albert to be fearful of rats -studying attachment styles in children -studying false memories -studying split-brain patients

studying split-brain patients

2, 2, 2, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 16 What is the range of the numbers above? -2 -4.98 -7.73 -8 -14

14

When seeking approval to conduct an experiment using participants from her college psychology course, a student researcher should -ask her professorB -request permission from the dean of the department -get consent from students' parents -apply to the institutional review board at the university -apply to the IACUC at the university

apply to the institutional review board at the university

Julie is interested in developing a test to measure achievement levels of middle school students. Which of the following domains of psychology is most applicable to Julie's interest? -Personality -Counseling -Biological -Industrial-organizational -Psychometric

Psychometric

In a study mimicking Roger Sperry's work, Dr. Kornhauser compared the responses of split-brain patients against a control group of neurotypical participants. In his study, participants focused on a dot in the center of a computer screen and objects are presented in either the left or right visual field. After seeing the object, the participants named the object. (uh idk how to put in a picture) The results of the experiment are presented. What is the most appropriate conclusion Dr. Kornhauser can draw from the results? -Split-brain patients cannot process objects using the right half of their brain and thus are not able to identify the objects in the right visual field. -Split-brain patients have a much faster reaction time to objects in the right visual field due to having a more direct connection between the visual cortex and their language center. -Because the connection between the left visual cortex and language center has been severed, split-brain patients are not able to retrieve the name of objects seen in the right visual field. -Because the connection between the right visual cortex and language center has been severed, split-brain patients are not able to retrieve the name of objects seen in the left visual field. -Because accuracy in the control group was low, the objects he used were likely too difficult for the participants.

Because the connection between the right visual cortex and language center has been severed, split-brain patients are not able to retrieve the name of objects seen in the left visual field.

Dr. Kovacs is conducting a study of how the brain responds to reading. He records subjects' brain activity using electroencephalography (EEG) while they read sentences. He is looking for the N400 signal, a negative EEG spike that occurs 400 milliseconds after someone processes something semantically surprising. There are two conditions in the study. The two figures below show average EEG activity for the subjects in the two conditions (Condition A on the left; Condition B on the right). The x-axis indicates time in milliseconds; time 0 indicates when the subjects first read the last word in each sentence. Which of the following pairs of conditions would produce results such as the ones Dr. Kovacs found? -Condition A included sentences such as "Strawberries are sweet," and Condition B included sentences such as "Strawberries is sweet." -Condition A included sentences such as "Strawberries is sweet," and Condition B included sentences such as "Strawberries are sweet." -Condition A included sentences such as "Strawberries are nervous," and Condition B included sentences such as "Strawberries are sweet." -Condition A included sentences such as "Strawberries are nervous," and Condition B included sentences such as "Strawberries are furious." -Condition A included sentences such as "Strawberries are sweet," and Condition B included sentences such as "Strawberries are nervous."

Condition A included sentences such as "Strawberries are sweet," and Condition B included sentences such as "Strawberries are nervous."

Which of the following best describes a major role of the thalamus? -It regulates body temperature. -It regulates hunger. -It regulates the autonomic nervous system. -It relays most sensory signals to the cortex. -It relays olfactory signals to the cortex.

It relays most sensory signals to the cortex.

Madeline has previously been diagnosed with major depressive disorder. She has an identical twin sister, Josephine, and a nonidentical sister, Abigail. Neither of Madeline's sisters have previously been diagnosed with major depressive disorder. Which of the following statements is true of Madeline's sisters? -Because their sister has been diagnosed, it is highly likely that both sisters will be diagnosed with major depressive disorder at some point in their lives. -Neither sister is likely to be diagnosed with major depressive disorder because it is rare for family members to be diagnosed with the same disorder. -The sisters are equally likely to be diagnosed with major depressive disorder in response to a stressful or traumatic event. -Josephine is less likely to be diagnosed with major depressive disorder than Abigail in response to a stressful or traumatic event. -Josephine is more likely to be diagnosed with major depressive disorder than Abigail in response to a stressful or traumatic event.

Josephine is more likely to be diagnosed with major depressive disorder than Abigail in response to a stressful or traumatic event.

Mr. Gregg wants to help his second-grade students improve their reading skills. He tests the students with 20 reading comprehension questions at the beginning of the year. Every week throughout the year he gives the students 30 minutes of reading comprehension tips. He tests the students at the end of the year with 20 reading comprehension questions that are similar in difficulty to those on the original test. He finds that the students' reading comprehension has increased and concludes that his tips worked. Which of the following describes the most significant problem with Mr. Gregg's study? -Mr. Gregg should have had someone else test the children in case he was showing experimenter bias. -Mr. Gregg should have tested his students every month so he could more accurately track their progress. -It was unethical of Mr. Gregg to test the children without their parents' consent. -Mr. Gregg should have used the same test to ensure reliability. -Mr. Gregg failed to account for changes in the students' maturity.

Mr. Gregg failed to account for changes in the students' maturity.

The idea that there is a part of the mind that is not directly accessible to awareness but still drives a person's thinking and behavior is most directly attributable to -William James -Edward Thorndike -Margaret Floy Washburn -Sigmund Freud -Paul Broca

Sigmund Freud

Dr. Wilson, who teaches engineering classes, is interested in learning about how lack of sleep affects performance. What would be the best way to ensure that her findings are generalizable to all the students at her university? -Randomly assigning half the students in one of her classes she teaches at into a condition where they are told to sleep four hours a night and other half a condition in which they are told to sleep eight hours a night. -Surveying every tenth student listed in the university directory about their sleep habits -Surveying all students in the classes she teaches. -Studying 40 students over time, from their freshman year through their senior year, to see differences as the students mature. -Asking friends who teach at other universities to collect and share data on their students.

Surveying every tenth student listed in the university directory about their sleep habits

A researcher was interested in studying the effects of a new medication on depression. One group received the new medication and another group received a standard medication for depression. The researcher asked participants to answer a series of questions rating their mood levels before and after six weeks of taking the medications. Which of the following is the control condition in this study? -Surveys can gather information from a diverse representation of and a large number of people. -Surveys can demonstrate cause and effect. -Surveys can provide an in-depth analysis of a unique individual or group. -Surveys collect more descriptive data than other research methods do. -Surveys allow the researcher to control the variables in a study.

The group receiving the standard medication

Which of the following describes what happens when a neuron sends a signal? -The neuron goes from being positively charged to briefly being negatively charged, and finally returns to being positively charged again. The magnitude of the negative charge is fixed regardless of the strength of the input signal it receives. -The neuron goes from being negatively charged to briefly being positively charged, and finally returns to being negatively charged again. The magnitude of the negative charge is fixed regardless of the strength of the input signal it receives. -The neuron goes from being negatively charged to briefly being positively charged, and finally returns to being negatively charged again. The magnitude of the positive charge varies depending on the strength of the input signal it receives. -The neuron goes from being positively charged to briefly being negatively charged, and finally returns to being positively charged again. The magnitude of the negative charge varies depending on the strength of the input signal it receives. -The neuron goes from being negatively charged to being positively charged, and then it remains at that level until it fires again. The magnitude of the positive charge varies depending on the strength of the input signal it receives.

The neuron goes from being negatively charged to briefly being positively charged, and finally returns to being negatively charged again. The magnitude of the negative charge is fixed regardless of the strength of the input signal it receives.

If a body does not have enough potassium, how might that affect neuronal firing? -The neurons will fire too easily because there will not be enough negatively charged ions to maintain a negatively charged resting state. -The neurons will fire too easily because there will not be enough positively charged ions to maintain a positively charged resting state. -The neurons will struggle to fire because there will not be enough positively charged ions to trigger the firing of the neuron. -The neurons will struggle to fire because there will not be enough negatively charged ions to trigger the firing of the neuron. -The neurons will struggle to fire because potassium binds to receptors and inhibits neuronal firing.

The neurons will struggle to fire because there will not be enough positively charged ions to trigger the firing of the neuron.

At a synapse, neurotransmitters released by the sending neuron do which of the following? -They combine with neurotransmitters released by the receiving neuron. -They combine with neurotransmitters released by other sending neurons. -They pass through channels into the receiving neuron. -They bind to receptors at the receiving neuron, which opens ion channels. -They bind to ions in the synapse, which creates a chemical reaction that causes the receiving neuron to fire.

They bind to receptors at the receiving neuron, which opens ion channels.

What effect do agonists have? -They decrease the likelihood that a person will get a good night's sleep. -They stimulate the gastric system, leading to increased hunger. -They decrease the likelihood that a postsynaptic neuron will fire. -They increase the likelihood that a postsynaptic neuron will fire. -They lead to a decreased sex drive.

They increase the likelihood that a postsynaptic neuron will fire.

Samantha experienced a traumatic brain injury and afterward began to exhibit bizarre symptoms that no one had ever documented before. The best research method to study Samantha would be -an experiment -a correlational study -a case study -a survey -naturalistic observation

a case study

Dr. Rodriguez is interested in finding out if stress levels throughout the year have a relationship with students' grades. The research method she most likely used is -a case study -a cross-sectional study -naturalistic observation -an experiment -a correlational study

a correlational study

An adult with a healthy sleep cycle is most likely to enter REM sleep -immediately after falling asleep -after the dream stage is completed -after cycling through the NREM sleep stages -only as necessary to prevent waking -soon after falling asleep and then remain there for the majority of the night

after cycling through the NREM sleep stages

A neuron sends a signal along its -dendrite -optic chiasm -axon -neurotransmitter -nucleus

axon

The medulla oblongata is a part of the -cerebellum -prefrontal cortex -occipital lobe -brain stem -corpus callosum

brain stem

Audra is working on a puzzle book and comes across the following figure. The Gestalt law that would affect Audra's perception of the picture above is influenced by the law of -closure -similarity -proximity -continuity -transference

closure

Kara works as a dog trainer. She reads a new book that describes some unusual training methods, and she wants to test them out on the dogs she works with. She assigns each dog to one of two groups by picking a number out of a hat. Half the dogs are assigned to one group, and half the dogs are assigned to the other group. For a month, she trains one group using her old methods and the other group using the unusual methods. At the end of the month, Kara records that the dogs that were trained with her old methods obey her 80 percent of the time and those that were trained with the unique methods obey her 90 percent of the time. Kara concludes that the unique methods work better. Kara can best improve her experimental design by -using random assignment -using random selection -having someone else test the dogs -using a computer program to pick the dogs' numbers -trying a third training method as well

having someone else test the dogs

Johnny often hits his brother even though his brother does not do anything to antagonize him. Johnny's aggression is most likely due to a combination of -his genetic makeup, the fact that aggression can be evolutionarily adaptive, and a lack of neuroplasticity -developmental delays, the fact that aggression can be evolutionarily adaptive, and a lack of neuroplasticity -the environment he grew up in, developmental delays, and the fact that aggression can be evolutionarily adaptive -his genetic makeup, developmental delays, and a lack of neuroplasticity -his genetic makeup, the environment he grew up in, and the fact that aggression can be evolutionarily adaptive

his genetic makeup, the environment he grew up in, and the fact that aggression can be evolutionarily adaptive

The advantage of an experiment is that it allows a researcher to -infer cause and effect -test a large number of people -see how people behave in their natural environment -gain an in-depth knowledge of a person or small group of people -find the relationship between two variables

infer cause and affect

Deception can be used in research when -it is appropriate for what is being studied -participants are debriefed before the experiment -the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee approves it -it is more expensive to use other methods -the subjects in the experiment are college students

it is appropriate for what is being studied

Carl Wernicke discovered the region of the brain that is responsible for -visual perception -sense of balance -memory consolidation -language comprehension -language production

language comprehension

Ruth and Debbie are identical twins who were raised by the same family. Vince and Frankie are identical twins who were separated at birth and raised by different families. According to research on the heritability of personality traits, Ruth's and Debbie's personalities are statistically -more likely to be similar to one another than are Vince's and Frankie's personalities -likely to be as similar and dissimilar to one another as are Vince's and Frankie's personalities -more likely to be dissimilar to one another than are Vince's and Frankie's personalities -less likely to match on the personality dimensions of agreeableness and extraversion than are Vince and Frankie but not on other personality dimensions -less likely to match on the personality dimensions of openness and neuroticism than are Vince and Frankie but not on other personality dimensions

likely to be as similar and dissimilar to one another as are Vince's and Frankie's personalities

The benefit of using inferential statistics is that it allows a researcher to -describe the data -find the measures of central tendency -find the spread of the data -make generalizations about a population -visualize the raw data

make generalizations about a population

(same pic as the other one) The lesions were most likely performed in the -frontal lobe for Group 1 and the occipital lobe for Group 2 -occipital lobe for Group 1 and the frontal lobe for Group 2 -temporal lobe for Group 1 and the parietal lobe for Group 2 -occipital lobe for Group 1 and the parietal lobe for Group 2 -parietal lobe for Group 1 and the temporal lobe for Group 2

parietal lobe for Group 1 and the temporal lobe for Group 2

Dr. Sampson follows the structuralist school of thought. Her techniques would most likely include -presenting a participant with an ambiguous stimuli, such as a picture of an older woman looking over the shoulder of a younger woman, and then asking the participant to make up a story about what is going on in the picture -asking a participant to describe whatever thoughts come to mind, without censorship -presenting a participant with an object, such as a can of soda, and having the subject report his or her perceptions or experience of the can -encouraging a client to reevaluate distorted or unhelpful thoughts and work on coping strategies -rewarding a student with a sticker for every day that the student does not talk in class and with an extra ten minutes of recess after the student accumulates ten stickers

presenting a participant with an object, such as a can of soda, and having the subject report his or her perceptions or experience of the can

Ms. Li, a principal, is interested in the differences in student behavior between two of the third-grade classrooms at her school. She asks the teachers, Mr. Williams, whose class meets at 9:00, and Ms. Walsh, whose class meets at 1:00, to record over a week the number of times students in their classrooms act out. Mr. Williams' class has 31 students, and Ms. Walsh's class has 32 students. "Acting out" is defined as students speaking without raising their hand or getting out of their seats without being given permission. At the end of the week, Mr. Williams reports that on average, his students acted out 73 times a day, and Ms. Walsh reports that, on average, her students acted out 27 times a day. Ms. Li decides that the students in Ms. Walsh's classroom act out more often than those in Mr. William's class. The results of this study are inconclusive because -the sample size is too small to draw valid conclusions -the number of students in the classrooms is unequal -Ms. Li did not use random assignment -Ms. Li did not use random selection -the time of day was a confounding variable

the time of day was a confounding variable