COM 103 CH.8 and 9 FE

Know each kind of supporting material

(Statistic - Testimony - Example)

The first cause of this problem is inefficient agricultural production. The second cause is recurrent drought in the affected countries. The final cause is mismanagement of available food resources by local leaders.

Signposts

Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about the structure of a hurricane. Central Idea: A hurricane is made up of three parts going from inside to outside. Main Points: 1. At the center of a hurricane is the calm, cloud-free eye. 2. Surrounding the eye is the eyewall, a dense ring of clouds that produces the most intense wind and rainfall. 3. Rotating around the eyewall are large bands of clouds and precipitation called spiral rain bands. Or: Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about the three major regions in Italy. Central Idea: Northern, central, and southern Italy have their own identities and attractions. Main Points: Northern Italy is home to Venice and its world-famous canals. Central Italy is home to Rome and its historical treasures. Southern Italy is home to Sicily and its culinary traditions.

Spatial order

Chronological Order

Speeches arranged chronologically follow a time pattern. They may narrate a series of events in the sequence in which they happened. process or demonstrating how to do something.

Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about the achievements of Josephine Baker. Central Idea: Josephine Baker was a multitalented figure in the fight for racial justice.Page 173 Main Points: As an entertainer, Baker captivated audiences in Europe and America. As a spy, Baker gathered information on Nazi activities in France during World War II. As a civil rights activist, Baker worked for racial equality on a variety of fronts

Topical order

Specific Purpose: To inform my audience how the Great Wall of China was built. Central Idea: The Great Wall of China was built in three major stages. Main Points: 1.Building of the Great Wall began during the Qin dynasty of 221-206 b.c. 2.New sections of the Great Wall were added during the Han dynasty of 206 b.c.-220 a.d. 3The Great Wall was completed during the Ming dynasty of 1368-1644. Specific Purpose: To inform my audience of the steps in laser-assisted corrective eye surgery. Central Idea: There are three main steps in laser-assisted corrective eye surgery. Page 170 Main Points: First, a thin layer is sliced off the surface of the eye to expose the cornea. Second, an ultraviolet laser is used to reshape the cornea. Third, the thin layer sliced off at the beginning of the surgery is reaffixed to the eye.

chronological oder

inform speeches

chronological order spatial order topical order ( most common)

Specific Purpose: To persuade my audience that action is needed to combat the abuses of puppy mills. Central Idea: Puppy mills are a serious problem that can be solved by a combination of legislation and individual initiative. Main Points: 1. Puppy mills are a serious problem across the United States. 2. Solving the problem requires legislation and individual initiative.

problem solution order

Internal Summaries

internal summaries remind listeners of what they have just heard. Such summaries are usually used when a speaker finishes a complicated or particularly important main point or set of main points.

6 Tip for using Stats

1. Use Statistics to Quantify Your Ideas 2. Use Statistics Sparingly ( only when needed) 3. Identify the Sources of Your Statistics 4. Explain Your Statistics 5. Round Off Complicated Statistics 6. Use Visual Aids to Clarify Statistical Trends

Example ( 3 types)

A specific case used to illustrate or represent a group of people, ideas, conditions, experiences, or the like. Brief examples: also called specific instances—may be referred to in passing to illustrate a point. Extended examples: are often called narratives, illustrations, or anecdotes. By telling a story vividly and dramatically, they pull listeners into the speech. hypothetical example: An example that describes an imaginary or fictitious situation. Usually, such examples are brief stories that relate a general principle.

In discussing how Asian Americans have been stereotyped in the mass media, we'll look first at the origins of the problem and second at its continuing impact today.

Internal Previews

For example: In short, palm reading is an ancient art. Developed in China more than five thousand years ago, it was practiced in classical Greece and Rome, flourished during the Middle Ages, survived the Industrial Revolution, and remains popular today in many parts of the world.

Internal Summaries

Testimony ( 3 types of testimony)

Quotations or paraphrases used to support a point. lend us to a credibility 1. Personal - from you 2. Peer Testimony- from ordinary people with firsthand experience or insight on a topic. 3. Expert Testimony: from people who are recognized experts in their fields.

Problem-Solution Order

are divided into two main parts. The first shows the existence and seriousness of a problem. The second presents a workable solution to the problem. persuasive speeches.

Signpost

are very brief statements that indicate exactly where you are in the speech. Ex: 1st,2nd. 3rd, to beign, in review, my next point The first cause of this problem is inefficient agricultural production. The second cause is recurrent drought in the affected countries. The final cause is mismanagement of available food resources by local leaders.

transitions

are words or phrases that indicate when a speaker has just completed one thought and is moving on to another. ex: Now that we have a clear understanding of the problem, let me share the solution with you.

Persuade speeches

casual order problem-solution order

Specific Purpose: To persuade my audience that a growing shortage of qualified air-traffic controllers is a serious problem for U.S. aviation. Central Idea: The growing shortage of certified air-traffic controllers threatens the safety of air travel. Main Points: 1. The U.S. aviation system faces a growing shortage of qualified air-traffic controllers. 2. If this shortage continues, it will create serious problems for airline safety. or Specific Purpose:To inform my audience about possible causes for the collapse of the Ancient Pueblo civilization. Central Idea: The causes for the collapse of the Ancient Pueblo civilization have not yet been fully explained. Main Points: 1. Ancient Pueblo civilization flourished for over a thousand years until 1200 a.d., when it mysteriously began to disintegrate. 2. Scholars have advanced three major explanations for the causes of this disintegration.

causal order

Spatial Order

follow a directional pattern. \ That is, the main points proceed from top to bottom, left to right, front to back, inside to outside, east to west, or some other route. Spatial order, like chronological order, is used most often in informative speeches.

Internal Previews

let the audience know what the speaker will take up next, but they are more detailed than transitions.

Topical Order

main points divide the topic into logical and consistent subtopics. results when you divide the speech topic into subtopics, each of which becomes a main point in the speech. most common for informitive speeches

Causal Order

organize main points so as to show a cause-effect relationship. When you put your speech in causal order, you have two main points—one dealing with the causes of an event, the other dealing with its effects. causal order can be used for both persuasive speeches and informative speeches.