COM 225 Quizzes
This company was so successful at marketing the NFL that its founder was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame.
NFL Films
____________ is the progression of a story from its beginning through its end as characters are shaped by a series of events.
Narrative arc
_______________ worked to establish the modern Olympics, in part to lift the spirits of France after the Franco-Prussian War.
Pierre de Courbetin
Which of these theories attempts to explain why people use media?
Uses and Gratifications Theory
Morality is constant and we have a duty to act a certain way in all circumstances. For example, you should not push anyone on train tracks, regardless of the circumstances. This is called:
categorical imperative
Holding two inconsistent or contradictory beliefs at the same time is called __________. For example, this might occur when your favorite athlete or coach is caught in a scandal.
cognition dissonance
Disney is the parent owner of ESPN, Hulu, and ABC; this is an example of:
corporate convergence
Michael Vick became a spokesperson for the Humane Society; this is an example of which step in Benoit's image restoration theory?
corrective action
Developed in the 1950s and 1960s, ________________ is a writing style that used literary techniques to convey nonfiction accounts, often inserting the journalist in the story.
new journalism
______________ describes loosening of social restrictions and inhibitions that take place in an interaction on the internet.
social disinhibition
This theory suggests that learning is a cognitive process that can occur in a social context through observation or direct instruction.
social learning
_________ is user-generated content created and distributed by individuals. Decentralized media systems allow for this exchange of information
social media
____________ argues that the media should remain free of government control and serve the public good.
social responsibility theory
___________ is when a government seeks to improve international standing by enhancing its image, rather than traditional military action. For example, that can be done bringing media attention to the country through events like the Olympic Games or the World Cup.
soft power
In the early 1970s, the U.S. sent a group of ping-pong players to China to help thaw relations between the two countries, and international media attention followed. Using sports to influence social and political relations is called:
sports diplomacy
WSU Athletics estimates its debt will approach $102 million by 2022.
true
In response to a lawsuit, the 1961 Broadcasting Act __________
Allowed teams to negotiate as a league for television broadcasting rights
In the early 1920s, _____________ was an African-American star in the American Professional Football Association, but was later forced out of the league. (He also played against WSU in the 1916 Rose Bowl and was inducted in the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2005.)
Fritz Pollard
____________, who wrote the story we read on Notre Dame's football team, was a journalist in the 1920s during the "Golden Age of Sports Writing."
Grantland Rice
__________ is the management of communication between organizations or brands and the members of the public.
public relations
Which of the following is an example of mass media but not news media?
the feature film space jam
Which of the following was true during the Agricultural Age in the United States:
Rural farmers were far from urban city centers, making sports inaccessible to much of the population.
____________ allowed corporations to own different media outlets in the same market, something previously considered a monopoly. It was followed by a concentration of corporate ownership in U.S. media.
1996 telecommunications act
In the 1960s, ABC formed an exclusive partnership with this sports league, placing the financial viability of the league almost exclusivity with the television contract.
AFL
This football player sued the NFL for blacklisting him after he played in a competing football league. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the NFL was acting as a monopoly and subject to antitrust lawsuits.
Bill Radovich
________________ is a degenerative brain disease found in people with a history of repetitive brain traum
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy
ESPN was originally envisioned as a station that would provide sports coverage of which state?
Connecticut
Fair or not, many USFL owners blamed this owner of the New Jersey Generals for the league's financial ruin:
Donald Trump
__________________ is the term for people who write books, articles, blogposts, or other texts that are officially credited to another person.
Ghostwriter
In a questionable ethical decision, the website Gawker.com published a video of this sports icon in bed with a woman who was not their wife. A lawsuit by the athlete forced the website to shut down. Who was the sports icon?
Hulk Hogan
In the late 19th century, this pioneering African-American athlete became known as perhaps the greatest jockey of all time. He was later forced from the sport in America.
Issac Murphy
In news media accounts, __________ was portrayed by media as a modest, clean-living boxer; _______________ was portrayed as a threat to white America.
Joe Louis; Jack Johnson
Pardoned by Donald Trump in 2018, this boxer was targeted with the Mann Act of 1910 after he crossed state lines with his white girlfriend.
Jack Johnson
In 1936, this athlete won four gold medals in the Olympic Games in Berlin, Germany. The athlete's performance -- and the media coverage -- angered Adolf Hitler.
Jesse Owens
_______________ is best defined as attitudes or stereotypes that affect media producers in an unconscious manner.
implicit bias
As discussed in the lecture, this athlete tried several approaches to announcing big career news -- first with an ESPN special and then with a letter to fans in Sports Illustrated.
LeBron James
According to League of Denial, _________ was the first former NFL player diagnosed with this chronic traumatic encelphalopathy (CTE), which is found in people with a history of repetitive brain trauma.
Mike Webster
In the late 1970s, the sports league cracked down on violence after a string of fights.
NBA
In response to injuries and fatalities in college football, university presidents formed the Intercollegiate Athletic Association in the early 20th century. Today, that organization is known as the __________________.
NCAA
From 1966 to 2015, this professional sports league was registered as a nonprofit, which allowed it to avoid paying taxes.
NFL
Which of the following best describes the theory of disposition in sports media?
Our affiliation with a team exists on a continuum from intense liking to intense disliking
The relationship between media and violence is complicated and controversial. In the 19th century, cheap "dime" novels, also known as ________, were thought to lead to violence among readers.
Penny Dreadfuls
Which of the following is true about how technology spreads through a culture?
Since the 1800s, the adoption of new technology occurs faster and faster
In response to journalists reporting on the deaths of football players, ___________ called a White House summit with university presidents, leading to the formation of the Intercollegiate Athletic Association.
Theodore Roosevelt
The sport of stickball
Was used in Native American populations for dispute resolution, community building, and celebration
Which of the following would be objectionable under FCC guidelines?
a bare buttocks
The development of motion pictures owes its start -- at least in part -- to early attempts to capture this action:
a galloping horse
The founder of ESPN was:
a recently fire communications director for a Connecticut hockey team
Everett Roger's diffusion of innovations is:
a theory of why, how, and at which rate ideas and technology spread through cultures
People whose eligibility requires they make no money for their performances or in connection with their performance are _______.
amateurs
Which of the following is not a characteristic of a newsworthy story?
advertising
_________ is a form of persuasive communication that brings attention to product, service or idea.
advertising
Wendell Smith and Sam Lacy's effort to integrate baseball is an example of ____________, which is when journalists intentionally and transparently take a non-objective stance for a social or political cause.
advocacy journalism
Which of the following is an example of the mortification step in image restoration theory?
apologizing for an offensive act
Intentionally putting another person in reasonable apprehension of an imminent harmful or offensive contact is the definition for:
assault
Writing a letter to a player is an example of _________________ communication.
asynchronous
___________ is when news media use algorithms or artificial intelligence to create content for media outlets.
automated journalism
In 1980, the American government's anger over the USSR's involvement in Afghanistan led the U.S. to:
boycott the summer olympics in Moscow
The combination of brand management with journalistic or cinematic storytelling to deliver content directly to the consumer is ________________.
brand journalism
_____________ suggests that media consumption influences the way we view the world, and the more we are exposed to mediated messages, the closer our beliefs about the real world mirror that of the mediated world.
cultivation theory
The popularity of cricket in India has been attributed to ______, which is when the dominant culture spreads its ideals to the general populace through education, mass media, or government.
cultural hegemony
To protect a network, this principle says no central hub should control information:
decentralized network
__________ is the removal or repeal of government oversight of an industry, such as the media industry.
deregulation
_________ is the process by which news media edit or filter an event, providing consumers with a representation of what occurred.
encoding
Writers for CougFan, who are aware they write from the biased viewpoint of a WSU fan, often write in support of the university's team. This is an example of:
explicit bias
____________________ regulates broadcast media communication and can fine broadcast stations. It fined CBS after a halftime show included nudity.
federal communications commission
Which of these is not an example of augmented reality?
first-person video games
Which of the following is not one of Benoit's image repair strategies?
fragmentation
In our readings, Buzz Bissinger wrote ________________, which followed a Texas high school football team throughout its season. It is an example of New Journalism.
friday night lights
The Seattle Supersonics -- owned by a group led by Starbucks billionaire Howard Schultz -- were sold to investors tied to Oklahoma City after ________________________.
government officials refused to provide funding to update the key arena
Muhammad Ali was stripped of his boxing license for three years because of _________________.
his refusal to serve in the Vietnam War
Sports rivalries are a powerful way for media companies to sell viewers on an otherwise meaningless event. Which of the following is not considered to be an element of a good rivalry?
if the schools rarely play
Media bias_________
is prejudice in the selection or presentation of media content by producers of the news.
Which of the following best describes the number of ESPN cable subscriptions during the past decade?
it has decreased dramatically
Which of the following is not true of media fragmentation?
it made it easier for individual broadcasters to reach huge, national audiences
Among his many accomplishments, Thomas Edison invented the __________ , which used celluloid film to capture images at 20 frames per second. He used it to film boxers -- both human and feline.
kinetograph
Which of the following best describes the atomization of news media?
media content is broken into smaller parts that can repackaged for different platforms
Which of the following is not a concern of structural bias in sports media?
media is biased toward good news
The media often portray sports as a _________, in which rewards go to people who deserve them due to their abilities, qualifications, and recognized achievements.
meritocracy
Competition with leagues like the AFL and USFL forced the NFL to increase player salaries in response. Today, the NFL operates as a ________________ , which is a market where one buyer controls the demand and prices.
monopsony
Which best describes WSU's athletic revenue?
most revenue comes from media rights
During the Progressive Era (1880-1920), _________________ were journalists who tried to investigate what was wrong with society, including sports, in order to try to fix it.
muckrakers
League of Denial focuses on this league:
national football league
The____________ , which was/were organized and run by African-American entrepreneurs, collapsed after the integration of Major League Baseball.
negro leagues
The NCAA is a ____________ with revenues of approximately $1 billion annually. Most of it comes from media rights and fees.
non profit
Which of the following professional sports leagues has been led by an African-American commissioner?
none of them
_________ is the process by which actions or ideas come to be seen as normal, acceptable, or everyday. For example, young fans may see violence on televised sports and believe that violence belongs in sports.
normalization
News outlets largely agree on a set of principles and practices that guide decision-making. This may cover journalism ethics, but not ethics in other media like strategic communication. These agreed on principles and best practices are called:
normative ethics
___________ is a group of companies that control an industry and restrict competition. The broadcast networks of CBS, NBC, and ABC were a 20th century example.
oligopoly
Media images are __________, which means they can be interpreted in multiple ways depending on the consumer's identity, culture, and viewpoint
polysemic
If a news outlet reports something you don't like, you may avoid the news outlet in the future, even if what was published was true. __________ is the tendency of news consumers to avoid media coverage that challenges their beliefs or perceptions.
selective exposure
A media press conference after a game is an example of _________________ communication.
synchronous
In the 1800s, the following technology allowed for the untethering of communication from transportation and for daily, national news reports:
telegraph
Historically, _______ has been blamed for the closing of 250 of the 300 boxing clubs in the United States, thus undermining the sport's professional ranks.
television
__________ were low-cost newspapers published in the 1800s that increased sports coverage to appeal to middle-class Americans.
the penny press
Which of the following did not contribute to the explosive growth of newspapers in the 1800s?
the rise of championship games like the Super Bowl
Which is true of the media and its coverage of race in sports?
the success of white athletes is traditionally attributed to intelligence and hard work
Sports video games can create computer-generated simulations of events that the user can explore. We call that ____________.
virtual reality
In this story trope, a white character saves a minority character from their plight. Examples include The Blind Side, Cool Runnings, and Undefeated.
white savior narrative