COM-231: Chapter 1

True/False: Listeners usually realize how tense a speaker is.

False

define stage fright

anxiety over the prospect of giving a speech in front of an audience

define interference

anything that impedes the communication of a message. interference and be external or internal to listeners

define channel

the means by which a message is communicated

define feedback

the messages, usually nonverbal, sent from a listener to a speaker

define frame of reference

the sum of a person's knowledge, experience, goals, values, and attitudes. No two people can have the same frame of reference.

define situation

the time and and place in which speech communication occurs

True/False: Speechmaking becomes more complex as cultural diversity increases.

true

true/false: Avoiding ethnocentrism is important for listeners as well as for speakers.

true

define message

whatever a speaker communicates to someone else

True/False: Most successful speakers do not experience stage fright.

false

The messages, usually nonverbal, sent from a listener to a speaker are called ____________.

feedback

While listening to a speech about gun control, Scott thought back to his experiences as an intern with the police department and decided that the speaker was knowledgeable about the subject. Scott was

filtering the message through his frame of reference.

define critical thinking

focus, organized thinking about such things as the logical relationships among ideas, the soundness of evidence, and the differences between fact and opinion

The knowledge, experience, goals, values, and attitudes through which each listener filters a message make up the listener's

frame of reference

According to your textbook, ____________ is anything that impedes the communication of a message.

interference

True/False: Because each person has a different frame of reference, the meaning of a message will never be exactly the same to a listener as to a speaker.

True

True/False: Because people have different frames of reference, a public speaker must take care to adapt her or his message to the particular audience being addressed.

True

True/False: It is normal--even desirable--to be nervous at the start of a speech.

True

True/False: Public speaking and ordinary conversation are similar in that both involve adapting to listener feedback.

True

True/False: Public speaking has been taught and studied for thousands of years.

True

____________ is mental imaging in which a speaker vividly pictures himself or herself giving a successful presentation.

Visualization

what does your textbook recommend as a way to help you deal with nervousness in your speeches?

Work especially hard on your speech introduction.

define adrenaline

a hormone released into the bloodstream in response to physical or mental stress

define positive nervousness

controlled nervousness that helps energize a speaker for presentation

define visualization

mental imaging in which a speaker vividly pictures himself giving a successful presentation

What are the four major similarities between conversation and public speaking discussed in your textbook?

organizing your thoughts logically. tailoring your message to your audience. telling a story for maximum impact. adapting to listener feedback.

Avoiding ethnocentrism means that public speakers should

show respect for the cultures of the people they address.

The seven elements of the speech communication process are:

speaker message channel listener feedback interference situation

define ethnocentrism

the belief that one's own group or culture is superior to all other groups or cultures

What is likely to help you deal with nervousness in your speeches? (3 answers)

A) Visualize yourself giving a strong speech. B) Focus on communicating rather than on being nervous. C) Be thoroughly prepared for each speech.

Critical thinking includes (3 answers)

A) seeing the relationships among ideas. B) judging the credibility of statements. C) assessing the soundness of evidence.

____________ is the belief that one's own group or culture is superior to all other groups or cultures.

Ethnocentrism

_____________ is controlled nervousness that helps energize a speaker for his or her presentation.

Positive nervousness

What are the three primary differences between conversation and public speaking?

Public speaking is more highly structured. Public speaking requires more formal language. Public speaking requires a different method of delivery.

____________ is anxiety over the prospect of giving a speech in front of an audience.

Stage fright