COM 263: L7 Verbal Communication

Slang

an informal, often short-lived kind of language used in place of standard words

Humor

A complicated social phenomenon that is largely based on the relationship between language and meaning

Inversion

A form of word play that produces slang words like sick, wicked, and bad that refer to the opposite of their typical meaning

Triangle of meaning

A model of communication that indicates the relationship among a thought, symbol, and referent and highlights the indirect relationship between the symbol and referent

Cultural bias

A skewed way of viewing or talking about a group that is typically negative

Communication Accommodation Theory

A theory that explores why and how people modify their communication to fit situational, social, cultural, and related contexts

Control

A word that has negative connotations, but our use of it here can be positive, neutral, or negative

Symbol

Arbitrary representations of thoughts, ideas, emotions, objects, or actions used to encode and decode meaning

Words (symbols)

Are arbitrary and attain meaning only when people give them meaning

Feeling

Communicating emotions

Asynchronous communication

Communication that is not immediate and occurs over longer periods of time, such as letters or email messages

Synchronous communication

Communication that takes place in real time, such as a conversation with a friend

Thought

Conclusion about it judgment of experiences and observations

Codes

Culture agreed on and ever-changing systems of symbols that help is organize, understand, and generate meaning

Monosemic words

Have only one use in language, which makes their denotation more straightforward

Accents

Distinct styles of pronunciation.

True

The members of a speech community conform to the prescribed rules of their specific language or dialect to establish their social identity.

Verbal communication

Is about language, both written and spoken

What are the five functions of language?

Language is expressive, language is powerful, language is fun, language is dynamic, and language is relational

polysemic words

Like "cowboy" has many connotations, and philosophers of language have explored how some connotations extend beyond one or two experimental or emotional meanings of a word to constitute cultural myths

Convergence

Meaning a person makes his or her communication more like another person's

Divergence

Meaning a person uses communication to emphasize the differences between his or her conversational partner and his or herself

Denotation

Refers to the definitions that are accepted by the language group as a whole, or the dictionary definition of a word

Grammar

Refers to the rules that govern how words are used to make sentences and sentences

Observation

Report of sensory experiences or memories

Language

Productive in the sense that there are an infinite number of utterances we can make by connecting existing words in new ways

Code switching

Refers to changes in accent, dialect, or language

Nonverbal communication

Refers to communication that occurs through means other than words, such as body language, such as body language, gestures, and silence

Connotation

Refers to definitions that are based on emotion or experience-based associations people have with a word

Commissives

Speaker committed to a certain course of action eg 'bet', 'guarantee', 'promise', 'swear'

Need

Stating wants or requesting help or support

Confrontational language

Such as swearing, can be seen as powerful in Western countries, even though it violates some language taboos, but would be seen as immature and weak in Japan

political correctness

Takes awareness to the extreme but doesn't do much to address cultural bias aside from make people feel like they are walking on eggshells

Thought

The concept or idea that a person references

Level of formality

The first difference between spoken and written communication is that we generally use spoken communication informally while we use written communication formally

Displacement

The property of language where it refers to our ability to talk about events that removed in space or time from a speaker and situation

Permanence of communication

The third difference between spoken and written communication is that written communication is generally achieved and recorded for later retrieval, while spoken communication is generally not recorded

Symbol

The word that represents the thought, and the referent is the object or idea to which the symbol refers; something that stands in for or represents something

Directives

Utterances that try to get another person to do something

Dialect

Versions of languages ​​that have distinct words, grammar, and pronunciation

neologism

a new word, expression, or usage; the creation or use of new words or senses

Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis

the idea that different languages ​​create different ways of thinking

Paralanguage

vocalic behaviors that communicate meaning along with verbal behavior