COM FINAL

information overload

A condition in which information inflow exceeds an individual's processing capacity

Burnout symptoms

Feeling Exhausted Feeling Frustrated Feeling Overwhelmed Carrying Stress Home Feeling Guilty About Not Doing Enough Feeling Irritable

model for effective listening

HURIER model

Five stages of relationship development are:

Initiating, experimenting, intensifying, integrating, bonding

The four types of communication that characterize small groups are:

Problem-solving communication, role communication, consciousness-raising communication, encounter communication

selective exposure

The process by which individuals screen out messages that do not conform to their own biases.

Synergy

a collaboration that produces more than the sum of its parts

purpose statement

a declaration of the specific goal for a speech

quid pro quo sexual harassment

a form of sexual harassment in which employment outcomes, such as hiring, promotion, or simply keeping one's job, depend on whether an individual submits to sexual harassment

hostile work environment

a form of sexual harassment in which unwelcome and demeaning sexually related behavior creates an intimidating and offensive work environment

informative speech

a speech designed to convey knowledge and understanding

Equity Theory

a theory that states that people will be motivated when they perceive that they are being treated fairly

One way model of communication

action model

According to ____ media tell people what to think about by determining what they watch, read and hear

agenda setting theory

qualities causing attraction

appearance proximity similarity complementarity

Which Theory explains why individuals are drawn to others

attraction theory

An explanation of observed behavior is called an

attribution

____ is the dialectical tension between desire independence and a desire to be close to others

autonomy vs connection

Conflict Styles

avoidance, accommodation, competition, compromise, collaboration

What are the four family roles that become particularly relevant during conflict episode

blamer placater computer distracter

when the greek Aristotle wrote "it is the mark of an educated mind to be able to entertain a thought without it" he was arguing against

close-mindedness

To be effective, small groups must have _______, meaning that the members work together in the service of a common goal

cohesion

The process of using signs, symbols, and behaviors to exchange information and create meaning

communication

downward communication

communication that flows from higher to lower levels in an organization

Lateral communication

communication that takes place among any employees on the same organizational level

In relationships, we pay attention to _____, which is our perception of how much better or worse our current relationships is than our other options

comparison level for alternatives

self-aware, adaptable, empathetic, cognitively complex, and ethical

competent communicators

The tendency to pay attention to only to information that supports one's values and beliefs while discounting or ignoring information that does not

confirmation bias

An expressed struggle between at least two interdependent parties who perceive incompatible goals, scarce resources, and interference from the other party in achieving their goals

conflict

_____ is an expressed struggle between 2 interdependent parties who perceive incompatible goals, scare resources, and interference from the other party in achieving their goals

conflict

Literal information that is communicated by message

content dimension

the relationship or environment that communication is occurring in

context

As an extemporaneous speaker, your goal is to communicate in what manner

conversational

volatile couples

couples discuss disagreements openly but competitively

listening to evaluate or analyze something

critical listening

Heavy television viewers have a tendency to believe they are more likely to be victims of a violent crime that they actually are. This phenomenon demonstrates

cultivation theory

intimacy

deep commitment in relationships

Predictability vs. Novelty

desire for consistency and stability vs. desire for fresh new experiences

Autonomy vs. Connection

desire to be your own person vs. desire to be close to others

Two important but opposing needs or desires in relationships

dialectical tensions

Behaviors that imply a lack of respect or value for others are called

disconfirming messages

conflict-avoiding couples

discuss disagreements covertly rather than openly

Social relationships bring us what three types of rewards

emotional material health

democratic

every member of a group has the right to participate in the decision making

carefully prepared to sound as it in is spontaneous

extemporaneous

______ communication can significantly enhance an organizations reputation, productivity, community support, and economic success

external

Family of _____ is that family in which one grows up, usually consisting of parents and siblings

family of origin

Family _____ are based on the social and emotional functions that your behaviors serve within your family

family roles

external communication

flows between people inside and outside the organization

the tendency to attribute other peoples behaviors to internal rather than external causes is called

fundamental attribution process

hostile couples

have frequent and intense conflict

the sensory process of receiving and perceiving sounds

hearing

Someone who is a _______ pays attention to how others are reacting to his or her behaviors and adjusts communication as needed

high self monitor

____ couples have a frequent and intense conflict

hostile couples

your self-concept or is composed of stable ideas about who you are

identity

Communication is governed by two types of rules, what are they

implicit and explicit

Grapevine Communication

informal communication system through which messages are passed in an organization, especially rumors and myths

Functions that are adopted by specific people rather than dictated by the organization are ____

informal rules

Uses and gratifications theory suggests that media meets these four needs

information, personal identity, social integration, entertainment

Publicly addressing others to increase their knowledge, understanding, or skills is _______ speaking

informative

_____ communication can be one of the most contentious issues couples face, as romantic partners often disagree over the division of responsibilities for daily tasks

instrumental

Intimate relationships foster _____ when something happens to one person, it affects everyone else in the relationship

interdependence

The dynamic in which one person's actions influence the lives of others

interdependence

Communication that occurs between two people in the context of their relationship is known as

interpersonal

The process of assigning meaning to information that has been selected for attention and organized is ____

interpreting

____ means significant emotional closeness that experience in a relationship whether romantic or not

intimate

_____ Relationships are characterized by significant emotional closeness and may or may bot be romantic

intimate

generates interest in topic and previews main points

introduction

the four main components of a speech

introduction, body paragraphs, transitions, conclusion

Media Convergence

is the interconnectedness of media content and communication technology

Laisse Faire

leaders offer minimal supervision

autocratic leadership

leaders see themselves as having both the authority and the responsibility to take action on a groups behalf

Parents have a responsibility to feed the house to educate and care for their children. This is an example of ____ within a family

legal obligations

should be related, distinct, and equally important

main points

Saying "let's take a vote" when making a decision is a recommendation of what is a decision making strategy?

majority rule

____ is the interconnectedness of media content and communication technology

media convergence

_____ theory says that each of us is born with a drive to seek, form, maintain, and protect strong social relationships

need to belong theory

group needs

need to learn need to improve need to belong need for protection

anything that interferes with a receivers ability to attend to a message

noise

the _____ stage of the perceptual process helps you make sense of information by allowing you to to see its similarities and differences from other things you know about

organization

______ communication refers to the interactions that occur within structured groups

organizational communication

identity

our sense of self

The process of making meaning from environmental experiences

perception

the process of making meaning from what we experience in the world around us is called

perception

We use four types of schema to classify information we notice about other people they are:

physical constructs role constructs interaction constructs psychological constructs

types of noise

physical, psychological, physiological

communication needs

physical, relational, identity, spiritual, instrumental

Fatigue and hunger are examples of _____ noise

physiological

Relational maintenance behavior theory lists five ways in which we maintain relationships. What are they

positivity, openness, assurance

Couples who have been married for many years may settle into routines with their marriage, leaving them wanting something new. What dialectical tension are they experiencing?

predictability vs novelty

Pseudolistening

pretending to listen

The tendency to emphasize the first impression over alter impressions when forming a perception is

primacy theory

pretending to listen to someone

pseudo- listening

self-disclosure

revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others

Organizational _____ are repeated behaviors that provide a familiar routine to an organization's experiences

rituals

Repetitive activities that have a special meaning for a family are called

rituals

composed word for word and read exactly as written

scripted speech

Perception Process

selection, organization, interpretation

Because of ____, we seek messages that reflect our values and avoid messages that contradict them

selective exposure

An expectation that gives rise to behaviors that cause the expectation to come true

self fulfilling prophecy

A collection of three or more people working cooperatively and interdependently to accomplish a task

small group

Types of Commitment

social emotional legal finical

According to _____ the people maintain relationships in which the benefits outweigh the costs

social exchange theory

_____ theory is a good illustration of how self-disclosure over time is like peeling away the layer of an onion; each disclosure helps us learn more about the person

social penetration theory

nervousness or fear brought on by performing in front of an audience

stage fright

A generalization about a group or category of people that are applied to individual members of that group is called

sterotype

People who engage in this style of conflict stop looking at their partners, stop speaking and stop responding to their spouse

stonewalling

organizational communication

study of interactions within structured groups

The idea that group members can accomplish more by working together than they could by working individually

synergy

According to attraction theory, you may be attracted to someone's abilities and dependability this is an example of___

task attraction

Attraction to someone's abilities or is dependability known as

task attraction

comparison level

the cost-benefit ratio that people believe they deserve or could attain in another relationship

openness vs closedness

the desire for disclosure and honesty vs the desire to keep certain facts, thoughts, or ideas to oneself

commitment

the desire to stay in a relationship no matter what happens

norm of reciprocity

the expectation that helping others will increase the likelihood that they will help us in the future

The social expectation that acts of self-disclosure should be reciprocated is known as

the norm of reciprocity

rebuttal tendency

the propensity to debate a speaker's point and formulate a reply while that person is still speaking

closed-mindedness

the tendency not to listen to anything with which one disagrees

Desensitization

the theory that peoples acceptance of real-life violence grows as they see more violence reflected in the media

catalytic theory

the theory that watching violence in the media can encourage real-life violence, but only if other influences are also present

main message of speech in one sentence

thesis sentence

In the ____ model of communication, com is described as a process where everyone is simultaneously a sender and a receiver

transaction model

both individuals act as sources and receivers simultaneously

transaction model

good public speaking use to what to link parts of a speech together

transitions

The theory suggests that we get to know others in order to reduce our uncertainty about them

uncertainty reduction theory

_____ theory suggests that people find uncertainty to be unpleasant, so they are motivated to reduce it by getting to know others

uncertainty reduction theory

competitive interrupting

using interruptions to take control of a conversation

___ couples talk about their disagreements openly and cooperatively

validating couples

Interdependence

when something happens to one person, it affects everyone else in the relationship

The pressure of balancing the demands of work with those of nonwork activities results in ______ conflict for many people

work/life conflict