COM100 Final(Lessons 1 - 11)

Cultural communication

Communication between people who have different cultural traditions

Intrapersonal communication

Communication with oneself using internal vocalization or reflective thinking

Rate

How fast or slowly a speaker speaks

Other-knowledge

Learning from other-awareness, mindfulness, and cognitive flexibility

Small group communication

Occurs when three or more people communicate together to achieve a shared communication goal

Which of the following words is the most concrete?

Sailing

Extemporaneous speaking

Speaking from notes on a written or memorized outline without having memorized the exact wording of the presentation

Cadence

The rhythm of spoken language

Vocalics (paralanguage)

The study of paralanguage, which includes the vocal qualities that go along with verbal messages, such as pitch, volume, rate, vocal quality, and verbal fillers

Word picture

Vivid words that invite listeners to draw on their senses

Fred has always been a nervous public speaker, but this time he's going to prepare a speaking outline that will really help him calm his nerves and build his confidence. When he prepares his speaking outline, he should include all the following EXCEPT ___

a list of decisions he made while preparing the outline

We can learn to make decisions for using selected nonverbal messages in specific communication situations where there are expected and accepted cultural behaviors. For example, we might ___

adapt to the nonverbal messages of an interviewer or the context in a job interview situation

Lisa and Jody are sisters. After spending time at separate colleges, they came home at Christmas. The first time they saw each other after months away, they ran to each other and embraced in a happy hug. The nonverbal behavior displayed by the sisters was an ___

affect display

A person with a high handshake index may be perceived to be ___

extroverted

According to readings in this lesson, many people do not approach speech preparation in an informed and systematic way, which results in ___

poorly planned or executed speeches

In order to reduce cognitive barriers to listening you could ask yourself ___

"What listening type and style are most appropriate for this message?"

David sees Joe and says, "Hey Joe. I just don't know what to do. I've got a term paper in Johnson's class, a group project in marketing, my boss wants me to work overtime this week, and now Mary is after me to go visit her parents over the weekend." Which of the following would be an appropriate active listening paraphrase of content to David's statement?

"You sound like you have a lot of demands on your time, Dave"

Communicators can express language bias against which of the following categories?

(All of the above)

Proposition of policy

A claim advocating a specific action to change a policy, procedure, or behavior

Proposition of value

A claim that calls for the listener to judge the worth or importance of something

Proposition of fact

A claim that something did or did not happen

Proposition

A claim with which you want your audience to agree

Specific purpose

A concise statement of what listeners should be able to do by the time the speaker finishes the presentation

Dialect

A consistent style of pronunciation and articulation that is common to an ethnic group or geographic region

Collectivist culture

A culture that places high value on collaboration, teamwork, and group achievement

Masculine culture

A culture that values achievement, assertiveness, heroism, material wealth, and traditional male and female roles

Feminine culture

A culture that values being sensitive toward others and fostering harmonious personal relationships with others

Individualistic culture

A culture that values individual achievement and personal accomplishments

High-context culture

A culture which often look for nonverbal clues like tone, silence, or what is not said for meaning

Low-context culture

A culture which values verbal communication as the primary, meaning-rich form of communication

Consensus or consensus rule

A decision-making technique in which all members of the group must participate and then ultimately agree on the same decision to support an idea, proposal, or solution

Central idea or thesis

A definitive point about a concept that can be explained by focusing on Main Ideas that support it

Groupthink

A faulty sense of agreement that occurs when members of a group fail to challenge an idea; a false consensus; conflict is minimized and group members do not express concerns or reservations about an idea or proposal

Pause

A few seconds of silence during a presentation; can be used both to slow a fast pace and to signal a key idea

Discriminative listening

A focused and usually instrumental type of listening that is primarily physiological and occurs mostly at the receiving stage of the listening process

Virtual group

A group whose members are not together in the same physical location but who are typically connected via an electronic channel such as the Internet, a telephone, or a video conference that enables them to take advantage of the technology to use their group communication skills to achieve their goals

Attitude

A learned predisposition to respond favorably or unfavorably to something; a like or dislike. A speaker needs to evaluate the audience's attitude toward the topic

What form of supporting material is being used in the following question? "If many states profit from the institution of a lottery, why can't our home state do the same?"

A literal analogy

Concrete meaning

A meaning with a tangible and concrete reference; it refers to something that can be perceived and understood with one of the senses

Affect display

A nonverbal behavior that communicates emotion

Adaptor

A nonverbal behavior that helps satisfy a personal need and helps a person adapt or respond to the immediate situation

Regulator

A nonverbal behavior that helps to control the interaction or level of communication between people

Emblem

A nonverbal cue that is a gesture that has a specific agreed-on meaning

Channel

A pathway or a sensory route on / in which a message travels to the receiver for decoding

Physical delivery

A person's gestures, movement, and posture, which influences how a message is interpreted

Self-concept

A person's subjective description of who he or she is

Functions of nonverbal communication

A primary function of nonverbal communication is to convey meaning by reinforcing, substituting for, or contradicting verbal communication. Nonverbal communication is also used to influence others and regulate conversational flow

Nonverbal communication

A process of generating meaning using behavior other than words

Final summary

A recap of all the main points of a presentation, usually occurring just before or during the conclusion

Internal summary

A recap of what has been said so far in the presentation

Delivery cue or speaking cue

A reminder of how to speak or move during a presentation, which is often written on a delivery outline or a speaker's note cards

Belief

A sense of what is true or false. A speaker needs to evaluate the audience's beliefs about the topic

Appearance

A speaker's dress and grooming

Posture

A speaker's stance

Mindfulness

A state of self- and other-monitoring that informs later reflection on communication interactions

Preview

A statement of what is to come; specifically the part of a speech giving information about the Main ideas in the Body.

Abstract meaning

A symbol or written word that stands in for an idea or object; it is meaning with an intangible reference; it refers to something that cannot be perceived or experienced with one of the senses

Language

A system of symbols (words or vocabulary) that is usually learned and is structured by rules (grammar) and patterns (syntax) common to a community of people; the productive and limitless use of words to generate meaning

Public speaking (presentational speaking)

A teachable, learnable process of developing, supporting, organizing, and presenting ideas orally

Brainstorming

A technique for generating many possible solutions to a problem by withholding evaluation while group members in a group communication situation suggest ideas; ideas are evaluated by the group after suggestions have been offered

Silent brainstorming

A technique used to generate ideas for the Main ideas, topics and subtopics for support for a Central Idea of a speech

Antithesis

A two-part parallel structure in which the second part contrasts in meaning with the first

Dyad

A two-person communication interaction, or in pairs

Sign posts

A verbal or nonverbal organization signal or transition

Back-channel cue

A vocal cue that signals when an individual wants to talk and when he/she doesn't

Verbal transition

A word or phrase that indicates the relationship between two ideas

Visualization

A word picture of the future that can be used to help an audience understand the implications of your persuasive message

Transition

A word, phrase, or nonverbal cue that indicates movement from one idea to the next or to the relationship between ideas

Symbol

A word, sound, gesture, or visual image that stands in for or represents something else, such as a thought, concept, object, or experience, often within a given cultural context

Kim was constantly twirling her hair as she talked to her teacher. Which type of nonverbal cue showed Kim's nervousness?

Adaptors

Adrian used primarily Web sources for his informative speech about gun control. However, his over-reliance on a Web site the National Rifle Association sponsored caused his speech to be slanted in one direction, rather than presenting multiple sides of the issue. Which of the following statements best explains this situation?

Adrian forgot the key concept of determining the objectivity of a Web site before relying too heavily on it in a speech

Motivated sequence

Alan H. Monroe's five-step plan for an organization pattern where the speaker is organizing a persuasive message through attention, need, satisfaction, visualization, and action

In his speech about registering to vote, Dan explains the new legislation that allows voter registration to coincide with driver's license renewal. He concludes the speech by stating that any person who is not registered should go to several locations that he has listed on the chalkboard to register in time for the next election. Finally, Dan reiterates, "Everyone please register to vote; it's your right and your duty as a citizen." What aspect of effective conclusions has Dan decided to use?

An appeal to motivate the audience to respond and act

Leadership styles

An approach to describing the group communication role of leader based on use of specific communication elements during group communication; these styles include directive, participative, supportive, and achievement-oriented

Trustworthiness

An aspect of a speaker's credibility that reflects whether the speaker is perceived as believable and honest

Competence

An aspect of a speaker's credibility that reflects whether the speaker is perceived as informed, skilled, and knowledgeable

Credibility

An audience's perception of a speaker's competence, trustworthiness, and dynamism

Empathy

An emotional reaction similar to the reaction being experienced by another person

Value

An enduring conception of right or wrong, good or bad. A speaker needs to evaluate the audience's values related to the topic

Spatial organization

An organization pattern according to location, position, or direction

Complexity

An organization pattern based on arranging ideas from simple to more complex

Primacy

An organization pattern based on arranging ideas from the strongest or least controversial to the weakest or most controversial

Cause-and-effect organization

An organization pattern based on discussing a situation and its causes or its effects

Problem-and-solution organization

An organization pattern based on discussing first the problem and then various solutions

Specificity

An organization pattern based on moving from specific information to a more general statement

Recency

An organization pattern based on the principle that audiences remember best what they hear last, which guides the arrangement of ideas from the least to the most important

Chronological organization

An organization pattern based on time or sequence

Presentational aid

Any tangible item used to help communicate ideas to an audience

Noise

Anything that interferes with a message being sent between participants in a communication encounter. Also referred to as interference

Facial Expression

Arrangement of the facial muscles that communicates nonverbally

Grace knew her speech content. She rehearsed it according to her plan for some practice without memorizing it and timed it to make sure she didn't run over the time limit. When she actually delivered the speech, she found herself much less nervous and much more confident than she expected to be. Which guideline for developing confidence provided in your textbook applies here?

Be prepared

Intercultural communication is communication ___

Between people with differing cultural identities

Movement

Change of location during a presentation

What type of organizational pattern is reflected in these main points? I. As a young child, J.R.R. Tolkien and his young cousins invented a language called Nebosh. II. As a college student, J.R.R. Tolkien invented several languages influenced by Welsh and Finnish. III. By the time he published the works of fiction for which he is famous, J.R.R. Tolkien had invented a number of Elvish languages.

Chronological

Conclusion

Closing lines of a speech presentation, which leave a final impression

Artifacts

Clothing or another element of appearance (e.g., jewelry, tattoos, piercings, makeup, cologne)

Cultural aspects of interpersonal communication

Communicating in relationships helps establish relationship cultures that are unique and are also based on larger cultural and social norms

Interpersonal communication

Communication between people whose lives mutually influence one another and typically occurs in dyads (pairs)

Speaking or Delivery outline

Condensed and abbreviated outline of a presentation used as speaking notes or from which speaking notes are developed

Storming stage of group development

Conflict emerges as group members start to play their various roles, have their ideas heard, and try to negotiate use of various group communication skills

Audience-centered presentation

Considering and adapting to the audience at every stage of the presentational speaking process

Standard outline format

Conventional use of Roman Numerals, letters, and headings and sub-headings to indicate the relationship among parts of a presentation

What type of listening would be used if Jim was trying to determine if he understands why his employees do not like the new healthcare coverage?

Critical listening

Greg's new job required him to make a sales presentation in Korea. When he arrived, he was stressed due to the differences in language, customs, and food. How would you best describe what Greg was feeling?

Culture shock

Group decision making

Decisions made by a group have specific challenges and benefits compared to individuals making decisions

Denotative meaning (denotation)

Definitions that are accepted by the language group as a whole, or the dictionary definition of a word; the literal or restrictive meaning of a word

Connotative meaning (connotation)

Definitions that are based on emotion- or experience-based associations people have with a word; the personal and subjective or culturally constructed meanings of a word

Impromptu speaking

Delivering a speech presentation without advance preparation

Memorized speaking

Delivering a speech presentation word-for-word from memory without using notes

________ meaning conveys the content of what a word means and the ________ meaning contains the feelings behind words

Denotative; connotative

Formal outline or Preparation outline

Detailed outline of a speech presentation that includes main ideas, subpoints, and supporting material and that may also include a specific purpose, introduction, blueprint, internal previews and summaries, transitions, and a conclusion

Which of the following words is the most abstract?

Education

Norming stage of group development

Effective group communication occurs more often as the group uses agreed on group communication skills, including group communication norms, group communication roles, and agreed on structure

Pathos

Emotional appeals

Your roommate has just returned from giving her speech. She is visibly upset and begins to criticize the instructor as an incompetent old fuddy-duddy. You sit patiently while she continues her tirade against the instructor's criticism of her performance. When she is done, you say, "It must be really frustrating to have something you worked so hard on evaluated so harshly." This response indicates you are listening for what purpose?

Empathy

Repetition

Emphasizing a key word or phrase by using it more than once during oral delivery

An informative speech has been assigned, so Jamal starts to worry about what he can possibly present to his class. That night he takes out a blank sheet of paper and just starts writing down every possible idea for a speech topic related to topics the class has been studying that he can think of. What is Jamal doing?

Engaging in silent brainstorming

Critical listening

Entails listening with the goal of analyzing or evaluating a message based on information presented verbally and information that can be inferred from context

Proof

Evidence plus reasoning

Nonverbal transition

Facial expression, vocal cue, or physical movement that indicates a speaker is moving from one idea to the next

Hard evidence

Factual examples and statistics

Rey presented an informative speech on earthquakes. He described the structural causes of earthquakes, how they develop, which areas of the earth are prone to quakes, how quakes are measured, the damage they do, and what to do when one hits. The speech became dry, the audience's attention declined, and it exceeded the time limit by almost twice the amount of time. From this description, what was Rey's mistake?

Failing to narrow his topic

Logical fallacy

False reasoning that occurs when someone attempts to persuade without adequate evidence or with arguments that are irrelevant or inappropriate

Structure of small groups in group communication situations

Formal and informal connections that form the group's structure as group members communicate with each other while participating in the group communication situation. The group's structure is also affected by external and internal influences

What is the difference between a formal outline and a speaking outline?

Formal outlines include your specific purpose; speaking outlines do not

Stereotype

Generally held beliefs that place a person or group of persons into an inflexible, all-encompassing category

Performing stage of group development

Group members consistently use effective group communication skills as the group makes steady progress toward the completion of their group goal. This stage can include a strong focus on task and relational aspects

Forming stage of group development

Groups begin to use selected group communication skills in order to focus on accomplishing their goal and reducing uncertainty

Task oriented groups

Groups who are primarily formed to accomplish the goals of problem solving, provide ideas for support or assistance, or produce ideas or information for planning, budgeting and other needs

Relational groups

Groups who are primarily formed to support and contribute to personal connections and relationships that focus on interactions during their group communication in order to contribute to the quality of life of the group members

Pitch

How high or low a speaker's voice is

Soft evidence

Hypothetical illustrations, descriptions, explanations, definitions, analogies, and opinions or transitions

Which of the following statements illustrates a difference between public speaking and writing?

In writing, redundancy is not desirable; in public speaking, the decision to use redundancy may be necessary, depending on the goal and the audience

Suspension

Intentionally withholding a key word or phrase until the end of a sentence

Group/Small group communication

Interactions based on selected group communication skills among three or more people who are group members, who are connected through a common purpose, mutual influence, and a shared identity

After doing a survey of his class, Ryan decided his discussion of Tesla's death ray device would be difficult for his audience to follow. One of the ways he adapted to this was to paraphrase and repeat vital information at the end of each main point. What device was Ryan using in his speech?

Internal summary

Figurative language

Language that deviates from the ordinary, expected meaning of words to make a description or comparison unique, vivid, and memorable and adds emotion to the meaning

Informational listening

Listening with the goal of comprehending and retaining information

Research

Locating and evaluating different types of sources that may be relevant for supporting your speech Central Idea

Logos

Logical arguments

Eye contact

Looking at an audience during a presentation

Main ideas

Major subdivisions of the central idea of a presentation, which provide points of focus for developing the presentation and are points for the audience to understand and remember

Language adaptation

Making a decision to select a different word to add more emotion or subjective meaning; also adding exclamations or audible sighs or other sounds that are not complete words but also add emotion

Evidence

Material used to support a point or premise

Feedback

Messages sent in response to other messages

Supportive language/communication

Messages that have language that communicates in an open, honest, and non-confrontational way; language that creates a climate of trust, caring, and acceptance

Unsupportive language/communication

Messages that have language that makes others respond defensively, which can lead to feelings of separation and actual separation or dissolution of a relationship; language that creates a climate of hostility and mistrust

Gestures

Movements of the hands and arms to communicate ideas

Which of the following statements is true concerning culture and nonverbal norms?

Nonverbal norms vary based on cultural values

Vocal delivery

Nonverbal voice elements including volume, pitch, rate, and articulation. Also known as paralanguage

Mass communication

Occurs when messages are sent to large audiences using print or electronic media and there is no, or little, opportunity for direct and immediate response

Introduction

Opening lines of a speech presentation, which must catch the audience's attention and introduce the speaker's topic

Sender/Source

Originator of a thought or emotion who puts it into a verbal or nonverbal code that can be understood by a receiver

Listening styles

People may choose or prefer to be People-oriented listeners, action-oriented listeners, content- oriented listeners, and / or time-oriented listeners

Receiver

Person who decodes a message and attempts to make sense out of what the source has encoded

Context

Physical and psychological influences that enhance or impede communication. The transaction model considers how social, relational, and cultural contexts frame and influence our communication encounters

Graphs

Presentation of statistical relationships to an audience to help make data more concrete

Of these organizational patterns, which is more effective in the persuasive speech presentation?

Problem solution

Chris and Ryan are having a huge argument. Chris said to Ryan, "Why do you seem to always think this is a joke?" Which of the following barriers to effective communication does this statement represent?

Psychological noise

Manuscript speaking

Reading a speech presentation from a written text

The stage of listening in which you need to use perceptual filters is ___

Receiving

Listening involves which of the following processes?

Receiving, Interpreting, Recalling, Evaluating, and Responding

Group communication Negative Roles

Regular use of skills and displays of behaviors that are evidence of playing a role that results in a negative or undesirable impact on the group communication

Group communication Task-related Roles

Roles played by group members where their skills and behaviors contribute directly to and help a group have more effective group communication and therefore achieve its goal

Group communication Maintenance Roles

Roles played by group members where their skills and behaviors directly contribute to creating and maintaining social cohesion and a supportive group communication climate, enabling the group to have more effective group communication and accomplish its goals

Perception checking

Skill of asking other observers or the person being observed whether your interpretation of nonverbal behavior is accurate

Cultural identities

Socially constructed categories that teach us a way of being and include expectations for social behavior or ways of acting

_____________________ is organization according to location, position, or direction

Spatial organization

Group communication norms

Standards, rules or guidelines for group communication behaviors in group communication situations, ideally discussed and decided on by the group, based on the group members and their skills, their goal, and the situation. These standards describe what is appropriate group communication behavior and what is not appropriate group communication behavior. The skills of group members in establishing, following, and enforcing their own group communication norms can increase the level of effective group communication that needs to occur

Language that creates a climate of trust, caring, and acceptance is called which of the following?

Supportive communication

Which of the following would be an appropriate central idea for a presentation?

Swimming is an enjoyable recreational activity that provides important health benefits for college students

In Ted's speech on surfing, he is trying to decide whether to tell the audience in his introduction that he has been a surfer since he was just a kid. He wonders if this will help or hurt his credibility. What textbook advice applies here?

Ted should give a brief, credibility-building explanation of his experience with the topic

Perception

The arousal of any of your senses that leads to some categorizing or organizing the information you are processing

Ethnocentrism

The belief that one's own cultural traditions and assumptions are superior to those of others

Ethics

The beliefs, values, and moral principles by which one determines what is right or wrong

General purpose

The broad reason for giving a presentation: to inform, to persuade, or to entertain an audience

Sara is giving a speech to her sociology class. Her central idea is "Why are consumers drawn to the violence in video games?" What is the problem with this central idea?

The central idea should be a complete declarative sentence

Cohesion

The commitment of the group members to the group to accomplish the group's goals. Evidence of cohesion could be the use of selected group communication skills and a focus on an appropriate balance of the two kinds of cohesion, relative to accomplishing the group's goals

DECIDE

The communication decision-making tool that focuses on the steps a sender needs to follow, where decisions need to be made in order, based on decisions for the previous steps

Social identities

The components of self that are derived from involvement in social groups with which we are interpersonally committed

Ethos

The credibility or ethical character of a speaker

_____________________ is the broad reason for giving a presentation: to inform, to persuade, or to entertain an audience.

The general purpose

The group communication task-related role of Task Leader

The group member who uses group communication skills to positively influence the behavior and group communication skills of the other group members in the group communication situation in order to help accomplish the group goal

Personal identities

The identities that include the components of self that are primarily intrapersonal and connected to our life experiences

The listening process

The learned process of Receiving, Interpreting, Recalling, Evaluating, and Responding to verbal and nonverbal messages

Types of listening

The main types of listening we are studying are discriminative, informational, critical, and empathetic

Body

The middle part of a speech presentation, which includes the Main Ideas, and the supporting topics, subtopics, and details

Group communication climate

The morale of the group when they are involved in their group communication; the tone and quality of the group interaction that is experienced in the same way by the group members

Empathic listening

The most challenging form of listening, which occurs when we try to understand or experience what a speaker is thinking or feeling

Culture

The ongoing negotiation of learned and patterned beliefs, attitudes, values, and behaviors that is shared by a group of people and shaped from one generation to the next

Group problem-solving process (Reflective thinking process)

The problem-solving process involves the thoughts, discussions, actions, and decisions that occur from the first consideration of a problematic situation to the goal. Problem characteristics: Task difficulty, number of possible solutions, group member interest in the problem, group member familiarity with the problem, and the need for solution acceptance

Human communication

The process by which people generate meaning by sending and receiving verbal and nonverbal symbols and signs that are influenced by multiple contexts

Persuasion

The process of attempting to change or reinforce a listener's attitudes, beliefs, values, or behavior

Reasoning

The process of drawing a conclusion from evidence

Interpersonal communication

The process of exchanging messages between people whose lives mutually influence one another in unique ways in relation to social and cultural norms

Articulation

The production of clear and distinct speech sounds

Alliteration

The repetition of a consonant sound (usually the first consonant) several times in a phrase, clause, or sentence

Closure

The sense that a speech presentation sounds finished

Volume

The softness or loudness of a speaker's voice

Haptics

The study of communication by touch

Kinesics

The study of hand, arm, body, and face movements. These include gestures, head movements and posture, eye contact, and facial expressions

Proxemics

The study of how space and distance influence communication

Chronemics

The study of how time affects communication

Democratic leadership style

The style of one who plays the Task Leader group communication role and leads group communication by developing a consensus among group members; a group leader who asks for group input and who influences the group to discuss and decide as a group

Authoritarian leadership style

The style of one who plays the Task Leader group communication role and leads group communication by directing, controlling, telling, and ordering others

Laissez-faire leader

The style of one who plays the Task Leader group communication role who fails to lead group communication or who leads group communication or exerts influence only when asked or directed

Self-perception

The view of yourself based on how you perceive, receive, and organize information about your self-concept, your self-esteem, social and family influences, culture, and the media

Structure

The way a group or team discussion is organized for effective group communication, focusing on the group's agenda and the goals that need to be achieved

Agenda

The written plan for achieving the goals during a group meeting; groups often discuss and decide as a group to include items for discussion, action, and information, depending on the goals, situation and group input

Decision making techniques

These involve determining a course of action based on the level of agreement among the group members. These methods include majority, expert, authority, and consensus rule

Small group

Three to 15 people who share a common purpose, feel a sense of belonging to the group, and exert influence on one another through selected group communication skills

Inform

To share information with others to enhance their knowledge or understanding of the information, concepts, and ideas you present

If you want to inform an audience about three equally risky behaviors related to contracting HIV, which organizational pattern would work best?

Topical

Which of the following statements reflects the importance of touch behaviors?

Touch behaviors such as hand-shaking affect the initial impressions people make of each other

Parallelism

Using similar or exactly the same grammatical structure for two or more clauses or sentences

Donald Brown found that people in all cultures share a list of universal behaviors. Which of the following is not included in that list?

Value some degree of conflict

Listening barriers

Variables that are present at every stage of the listening process; these include emotional noise, self-focus, and criticism

Which of the following statements accurately expresses the differences between verbal and nonverbal behavior?

Verbal behavior is less ambiguous; nonverbal is more ambiguous

Supporting material

Verbal or visual material that include topics, subtopics, and details that clarify, amplify, and provide evidence to support the main ideas of a presentation

It is important to be aware much of our nonverbal communication is multichannel because ___

We can monitor our nonverbal messages for messages that are incongruent

Bill was visiting his friend Carol's parents in Chicago. They offered him some tea; he was very thirsty, so he said he would love some. He was very surprised when they brought him a cup of hot tea. In Arkansas, where he was from, the word tea always meant iced tea. If you wanted a cup of hot tea, you asked for hot tea. Which of the following characteristics of language best describes this situation?

Words are culture-bound

You have gained your audience's attention, introduced your speech topic, previewed your main points, and given your audience a reason to listen to your speech. Next, you transition into your first point. What have you left out of this speech introduction?

You have not included the proof of your credibility

Which of the following statements is true concerning speaking outlines?

You may write out your first sentence word-for-word if that makes you feel more comfortable

Self-esteem

Your assessment of your worth or values reflected in your perceptions of your skills, abilities, appearance, etc

One way to respond to a person or situation with empathy would be to ___

ask questions

A/an _________________ public speaker is someone who considers and adapts to the audience at every stage of the public speaking process ___

audience-centered

Decoding nonverbal signals includes recognizing that ___

certain nonverbal signals are related

To make sure you use analogies as effective support the speaker needs to ___

choose ideas, items, or situations to compare that are similar enough to justify the analogy

While an introduction creates a critically important first impression, your _______________ leaves an equally important final impression.

conclusion

A _______________ speaker is one whom the audience judges to be believable, competent, and trustworthy

credible

A learned system of knowledge, behavior, attitudes, beliefs, values, rules, and norms that a group of people shares and one generation to the next shapes is known as a ___

culture

Outlining your speech is the process of breaking Main Ideas and topics down into logical divisions and then ___

deciding how to connect the information together

Decisions to use reminders such as "Louder," "Gesture," and "Slow down" written on the speaking outline in a different color of ink means you decided to use ___

delivery / speaking cues

Adjourning stage of group development

development Group members decide to end the group because they have accomplished their goal or there is internal or external reasons to conclude the group

The statement "Nonverbal communication is nonlinguistic" means that nonverbal messages ___

do not conform to the patterns of oral language

"At the end of my presentation, the audience will be laughing at my misadventures as an adult cello student." This is an example of a general purpose to ___

entertain

Brady is making a presentation to his freshman speech class. Since he was in AP classes during his high school career, he develops the central idea for his presentation around his experience: "Taking AP classes in high school can help prepare you for college." In choosing this central idea, Brady has not ___

evaluated his audience

Lisa complains that her sister, Jody, doesn't pick up on her verbal and nonverbal cues. In fact, she never seems to make sense out of Lisa's symbols or language use. Jody is most likely ____________ instead of ______________

hearing, listening

You first need to decide how you will organize your Main Ideas and then how you will organize your supporting materials so you can:

help your audience to better understand your speech

A regulator is a nonverbal behavior that ___

helps to control the interaction or level of communication between people

A key principle of nonverbal communication is that it often takes on more meaning ___

in emotional communication situations

"At the end of my presentation, the audience will be able to list two benefits for adults of learning to play a musical instrument." This is an example of a general purpose to ___

inform

Before moving to your next point in your speech presentation, you say, "We have discussed what sleep deprivation is and why it can be a problem for college students." This is an example of a/an ___

internal summary

Communication that occurs between two people who simultaneously attempt to mutually influence each other, usually for the purpose of managing relationships, is known as ___

interpersonal communication

In oral communication situations, the nonverbal channel ___

is always open

As Jerome reached the third and final point of his speech, he paused dramatically and moved about three feet toward his left before continuing. This example describes Jerome using a/an ___

nonverbal transition

Groupthink

occurs when every group member seems to quickly show uncritical acceptance of decisions or suggestions for a strategy or solution or outcome

Critical listening is about making an evaluation or judgment, whereas empathetic listening ___

occurs when we try to understand or experience what a speaker is thinking or feeling

When Dominique quickly yells at her parents to make her point, she is using ___

paralanguage

The gap between the thought rate and the speech rate can be a barrier to listening because ___

people are normally capable of processing information and any number of thoughts faster than most speakers speak

The skill of asking other observers or the person being observed whether your interpretation of his or her nonverbal behavior is accurate is known as ___

perception checking

You must cite the sources in your speech for all of the following except ___

personal analogies

"At the end of my presentation, the audience will enroll in a music appreciation course." This is an example of a general purpose to ___

persuade

Public speaking is also known as ____________ speaking

presentational

Before the oral delivery of the Body of your speech, you decide to tell the audience what your main ideas are going to be. This is considered your ___

preview

If you were speaking on how listeners can protect themselves from mountain lion attacks when hiking in the American West, you might decide to first establish that a significant problem exists, then talk about solutions to that problem. This would be considered ___

problem-solution organization

One function of nonverbal communication is to ___

regulate conversation flow

When Keri wanted Ben to stop talking, she averted her eyes and turned her back. The function of this behavior was to ___

regulate interaction

Which of the following statements does not describe a way to adapt to your diverse audience?

repeating one set of examples

After you have decided on your general purpose, specific purpose, Central Idea and possible Main Ideas it is time to ___

research and decide on support materials

The less accountability information is available about a possible resource, the more you should ___

scrutinize the information

"As a result of my presentation, my audience will recycle their newspapers and aluminum products." This is an example of a ___

specific purpose statement

Speaker anxiety can have a variety of symptoms that are the same as ___

stage fright

A speech introduction that begins with "Did you know that a light bulb has been invented that will last 10 times as long as the ones used today, but the government won't let it be marketed to the public?" is employing a device known as a/an ___

startling statement

Deciding which organizational pattern you will use is a decision for ___

step 3 in DECIDE based on decisions for steps 1 and 2

Culturally biased language is often based on ___

stereotypes and myths that influence the words we use

You would not focus on accomplishing the objective of _____________ in the Introduction

summarizing the importance of your topic

Verbal or visual material that clarifies, amplifies, and provides evidence to support the main ideas of a presentation is categorized as ___

supporting material

A speaker can decide how much support material he / she needs for the upcoming speech by focusing on ___

the communication goal, the audience, the situation, the Thesis or Central idea, and the selected Main Ideas

Receiving, Interpreting, Recalling, Evaluating, and Responding are all a part of ___

the listening process

Decoding

the process of turning communication into thoughts, often referring to the receiver decoding the sender's communication messages into thoughts the receiver has

Encoding

the process of turning thoughts into communication, often referring to the sender encoding his / her thoughts into communication messages to the receiver

Discriminative, informational, critical, and empathetic are all a part of ___

the types of listening

Message

the verbal or nonverbal content being conveyed from sender to receiver

Group communication roles

the way group members decide to consistently communicate by using selected group communication skills with other group members in a specific group communication situation

There is research that shows evidence of the statement "the overwhelming majority of current research on gender and communication finds that while there are differences between how men and women communicate ___

there are far more similarities

Paraphrasing and questioning are useful techniques for empathetic listening because ___

these skills allow us to respond to a speaker without taking "the floor," or the attention away from the speaker

Interrupting can be a barrier to listening if you ___

think the speaker is done speaking

Haptics is the study of human ___

touch

Ashley and Candice were shopping at the mall. Ashley needed to go to the other end of the mall to get something. She said to Candice, "Meet me at 2:00 in front of Sears." Candice thought that in front meant outside in front of the parking lot entrance. Ashley thought that in front meant in front of the entrance on the inside of the mall. Ashley and Candice spent two hours waiting for each other. What language problem is reflected in this situation?

unexpected connotation

The statement "Jim, clearly you did not put any effort into this project" is an example of ___

unsupportive language

A good conversationalist ___

uses relevance, tact, courtesy, and sincerity

In a speech, stating "This brings me to my next point..." is an example of decisions to use a/an ___

verbal transition

Touch and facial expressions are two primary ways ___

we express emotions nonverbally

Making a formal outline is important to help you make sure your content is coherent and ___

your ideas are balanced and expressed clearly