COM101 multiple choice

Facial expressions or body movements that correspond to various emotions are referred to as: Select one: a. affect displays b. vocalics c. expressives d. emblems e. emotional regulators

a. affect displays

Which theory focuses on the how the amount & type of media coverage for a given issue, topic, or event influences perceptions of importance? Select one: a. agenda setting theory b. multi-step theory c. conglomeration theory d. cultivation theory e. push-pull theory

a. agenda setting theory

In the Readings chapter on mass communication, we stated that one of the potential negative consequences of the trend towards media conglomeration was the potential for a corporate climate that disdains or devalues new ideas. We labeled this danger as: Select one: a. anti-intellectualism b. media-demassification c. social exchange d. sameness e. corporate instability

a. anti-intellectualism

Steffi was disappointed that she had had to work during last night's playoff game and would be unable to watch it live on television. However, her disappointment was somewhat mitigated by her knowledge that she could digitally record the game on her DVR to watch later, would be able to catch at least several minutes of action on her iPhone during her break, and could also view highlights of the game on the internet via her laptop between classes tomorrow. Situations like this, which illustrate the erosion of traditional distinctions among media, particularly in terms of content, relate to which factor underlying the evolution of mass media? Select one: a. convergence b. conglomeration c. economic imperative d. flexibility e. gatekeeping

a. convergence

After their recent marriage, Cheryl and Frank have lately each been realizing that there are certain individual wants and needs that have been subsumed to some degree by their relationship, and have been trying to reconcile their individuality with the demands of their relationship. Which stage of the Knapp model of relational development best describes the current state of their relationship? Select one: a. differentiation b. disengagement c. disintegration d. stagnation e. termination

a. differentiation

The influence of factors like ratings, advertisers, and popularity on media content is known as: Select one: a. economic imperative b. multi-step theory c. 'the man' controls it all theory d. electronic imperialism e. global village

a. economic imperative

In the Readings chapter on verbal communication we suggested that some language can reveal bias in some form by implicitly or explicitly leaving out a group, subpopulation, or individual. We described such language as: Select one: a. exclusionary b. extensional c. slang d. jargon e. clearinghouse

a. exclusionary

Which of the following was NOT identified as an element of listening in the interpersonal communication chapter in the Readings text? Select one: a. integrating b. responding c. receiving d. attending e. understanding

a. integrating

Channels or technologies that have the capacity to convey messages to large numbers of people are known as: Select one: a. mass media b. interpersonal media c. elitist media d. media magnates e. cool media

a. mass media

In the chapter on nonverbal communication, we stated that attaching meaning to nonverbal cues typically involves interpretation and judgment. This principle described which aspect of nonverbal communication? Select one: a. nonverbal communication is subjective b. nonverbal behavior is both normative and idiosyncratic in interpretation c. nonverbal communication is receiver oriented d. nonverbal communication is undervalued e. nonverbal communication involves multiple channels

a. nonverbal communication is subjective

Which of the step models of mass media influence describes media as having an immediate and direct influence on the audience, also known as a direct effects perspective? Select one: a. one-step b. two-step c. multi-step d. direct-step e. four-step

a. one-step

The 3 general sources of nonverbal stimuli are: Select one: a. personal, vocal, & environmental b. kinesic, paralinguistic, & haptic c. intentionality, awareness, & meaning d. emblems, regulators, & adaptors e. personal, social, & global

a. personal, vocal, & environmental

In the Readings text, we reviewed Miller & Steinberg's concept of social-cognitive orientation. In which orientation do we communicate with an individual based on how we perceive them to be similar to others? Select one: a. stimulus generalization b. quantitative orientation c. stimulus discrimination d. psychological orientation e. stimulus response

a. stimulus generalization

During Doug's project presentation to the company's board of directors, his co-worker Larry gave him a 'thumbs-up' to signal that he was doing well, since speaking up and interrupting his presentation would not have been appropriate. Which function of how verbal and nonverbal messages interact is illustrated in this example? Select one: a. substitute b. accentuate c. emphasize d. complement e. regulate

a. substitute

The semantic triangle illustrates which principle concerning language? Select one: a. there is an indirect connection between words & what they describe (language is symbolic) b. language is a learned through socialization, experience, and perspective (language is learned) c. issues relating to language & word usage frequently cause of miscommunication (language is imperfect) d. people from different language communities perceive the world differently (language is broad) e. language is made up of semantics, syntactics, and pragmatics (language is systemic)

a. there is an indirect connection between words & what they describe (language is symbolic)

Although she has not yet attempted one, Samantha will later discover she possesses an innate talent for solving Sudoku puzzles. In which quadrant of the Johari window would this information be placed? Select one: a. unknown b. latent c. blind d. hidden e. open

a. unknown

Which theory suggests that audiences are active, goal directed, and select media based on their needs? Select one: a. uses & gratifications theory b. selective retention theory c. cultivation theory d. agenda setting theory e. one-step theory

a. uses & gratifications theory

During a recent interview, Dale was faced with a series of tough, fast-paced questions about his past job performance. During this stressful exchange, Dale constantly tapped his foot, although he wasn't really aware he was doing so. Dale's foot tapping is an example of which type of kinesic nonverbal cue? Select one: a. emblem b. adaptor c. affect display d. illustrator e. regulator

b. adaptor

Jack was meeting Emma at a restaurant for lunch. Upon arriving down at the table, he looked Emma directly in the eye and smiled, loudly told her in an excited tone of voice how happy he was to see her, squeezed her hand in greeting, and moved his chair from the opposite side of the table so he was sitting right next to her. Which of the following types of nonverbal communication is NOT specifically mentioned in this example? Select one: a. affect displays b. adaptors c. haptics d. oculesics e. proxemics

b. adaptors

UB Communication researcher Dr. Frank Tutzauer defines bargaining as a situation in which two or more interdependent parties to a dispute: Select one: a. employ personal attacks in an effort to achieve their goals b. attempt to arrange the terms of agreement between them c. have a solution imposed on them by a more powerful 3rd party d. adopt an aggressive stance towards one another e. are deadlocked

b. attempt to arrange the terms of agreement between them

One difference between emerging trends and traditional characteristics of mass media is that traditionally, media content was generally designed to appeal large, diverse, and anonymous audiences. We labeled this approach as: Select one: a. media scarcity b. broad appeal c. convergence d. media cultivation e. specialization

b. broad appeal

Because of the widespread media coverage of the recent mumps epidemic, Carol was unsurprised when her high school play was canceled because several members of the cast became infected with the illness. Largely on the basis of stories on this issue which she had read, viewed, and heard via mass media, Carol concluded that the play cancelation was likely due to concerns about the ease of transmission and infection in a confined environment such as a cramped high school auditorium. This sort of interpretation corresponds to which of the four societal functions of mass media described by Lasswell and Wright? Select one: a. convergence b. correlation c. entertainment d. transmission of social heritage e. surveillance

b. correlation

In the chapter on interpersonal communication, we reviewed several strategies for relational disengagement described by Cody. Which strategy involves an attempt to redefine or reframe a relationship by reducing its intensity? Select one: a. friendship b. de-escalation c. positive tone d. negative identity management e. justification

b. de-escalation

Citing the work of Wilmot, we discussed the importance of dyads in interpersonal communication in the Readings chapter on interpersonal communication. Which reason dyads are important describes two person relationships or partnerships formed for mutual gain between members of a larger group? Select one: a. dyadic symbiosis b. dyadic coalitions c. dyadic consciousness d. the dyadic effect e. dyadic primacy

b. dyadic coalitions

Language rules that are directly expressed—e.g. standards for grammar—are known as what type of rules? Select one: a. social rules b. explicit c. social roles d. implicit e. exchange norms

b. explicit

Which general area of nonverbal communication explores the usage and impact of touch? Select one: a. motorifics b. haptics c. kinesics d. chronemics e. paralinguistics

b. haptics

In the Readings chapter on mass communication, we discussed the significant impact of what has often been described as 'the digital revolution' in mass media—the ability to represent media content: Select one: a. both in high definition and standard definition b. in a more flexible digital format, rather than in a relatively fixed, analog form c. in formats that preserve copyright and prevent piracy d. both domestically and globally by employing satellites e. simultaneously in different times zones using digital distribution

b. in a more flexible digital format, rather than in a relatively fixed, analog form

Which term was defined as something that serves as a means of conveying information (i.e. messages)? Select one: a. conglomerate b. media c. mass d. network e. agenda

b. media

Which of the following is NOT one of the ways that traditional characteristics of mass media have evolved? Select one: a. content is increasingly directed to specific segments of the mass audience b. media usage has become less dependent on technology c. we have gone from a state of media scarcity to media abundance d. increased interactivity with more user control and greater levels of feedback which is increasingly direct e. ALL of the above ARE ways that traditional characteristics of mass media have evolved

b. media usage has become less dependent on technology

Which use of language discussed in the Readings chapter refers to the ability of language to help define the world around us, primarily by serving as a means of differentiating various phenomena from each other? Select one: a. power b. naming and identity c. relationships and liking d. bypassing e. affiliation and interest

b. naming and identity

Jason recently visited Jeff's apartment to pick him up for a night out. While there, he took note of several bookshelves full of literary classics. Surprised, he remarked that he was impressed at how well-read Jeff was. What area of nonverbal communication would study the impact the bookshelves had on Jeff and Jason's communication interaction? Select one: a. haptics b. objectics c. chronemics d. odorifics e. kinesics

b. objectics

During a conversation with her boyfriend Jim, Gina was troubled when he didn't make eye contact when discussing plans to continue their relationship after he transfers to an out of state college next year. Which area of nonverbal communication might examine the nonverbal behavior that concerned Gina? Select one: a. proxemics b. oculesics c. gazics d. haptics e. idiosyncratics

b. oculesics

Which subsystem of language focuses on meaning? Select one: a. phonemes b. semantics c. pragmatics d. schematics e. syntactics

b. semantics

That we are more likely to form initial relationships with those people we perceive as similar to us is known as: Select one: a. relational convergence b. similarity thesis c. norm of reciprocity d. monkey-see, monkey-do e. norm of exchange

b. similarity thesis

When individuals in a deteriorating relationship are simply 'going through the motions', and their communication with one another is characterized by interactions that are largely ritualized and insignificant, they are most likely undergoing which stage of the Knapp model of relational development? Select one: a. differentiating b. stagnating c. intensifying d. conglomeration e. negative identity management

b. stagnating

In the Readings chapter on interpersonal communication, we discussed the concept of social-cognitive orientation, which refers to: Select one: a. information that is unique to a particular individual b. the mindset or outlook we have during an interaction c. the internal mental structures we use to help organize sensory information d. the impact of cultural and social norms on interpersonal communication e. the factors that influence whether or not we're likely for form a relationship with a given individual

b. the mindset or outlook we have during an interaction

Which of the following statements about cultivation theory is FALSE? Select one: a. cultivation theory was developed by George Gerbner b. the theory hypothesizes that frequent portrayal of violence in mass media leads us to underestimate the actual incidence of violence c. cultivation theory focuses on television and how it distorts our view of the world d. cultivation theory suggests that the media are a primary means by which learn about our culture e. cultivation theory research has shown that people's perceptions are influenced by mass media portrayal

b. the theory hypothesizes that frequent portrayal of violence in mass media leads us to underestimate the actual incidence of violence

Which of the four societal functions of mass media described by Lasswell and Wright suggests that exposure to mass media content helps to communicate, influence, and/or reinforce societal values and norms? Select one: a. correlation b. transmission of social heritage c. agenda setting d. media socialization e. surveillance

b. transmission of social heritage

Which of the step theories of mass media influence concentrates on the role of interpersonal influence, especially by influential people described as opinion leaders? Select one: a. one-step theory b. two-step theory c. four-step theory d. five-step theory e. multi-step theory

b. two-step theory

Sounds which are not words but have commonly associated meanings, such as yawning or laughing, are : Select one: a. affect displays b. vocalics c. non-fluencies d. regulators e. slips of the tongue

b. vocalics

The idea that because language is tied to thought, people from different language communities will see the world differently is associated with which concept? Select one: a. extensional orientation b. static evaluation c. Sapir-Whorf hypothesis d. risky shift phenomena e. bypassing

c. Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

Altman & Taylor's social penetration theory describes self-disclosure in terms of two dimensions. Which dimension represents how many different areas have been explored or revealed? Select one: a. range b. depth c. breadth d. proximity e. other-awareness

c. breadth

Which of the following elements was NOT part of our definition of conflict? Select one: a. expressed struggle b. interference from the other party c. each party is independent d. incompatible goals e. scarce rewards

c. each party is independent

As we explored the traditional and emerging characteristics of mass media in our class discussion of mass communication, one of the emerging trends we identified was a(n): Select one: a. decreasing level of media literacy b. decreasing level of media influence c. increasing level of interactivity d. increased scarcity in the number of media sources e. decreased degree of technological dependence

c. increasing level of interactivity

In the Readings chapter on nonverbal communication, we discussed the study of space and distance—known as proxemics—and referenced the early work of Edward Hall in this area. Hall described four levels of personal space that are differentiated from one another by the relational status of the interacting parties. Which level of personal space did Hall suggest is reserved for the individuals with whom we have the closest personal relationships? Select one: a. public distance b. interactional distance c. intimate distance d. casual distance e. relational distance

c. intimate distance

Which general area of nonverbal communication was described as the study of body movements, including cues such as hand motions, facial expressions, and leg movements? Select one: a. chronemics b. haptics c. kinesics d. motorifics e. paralinguistics

c. kinesics

Which term was defined as a rule-governed symbol system which allows its users to generate meaning and, in the process, to define reality? Select one: a. organization b. perception c. language d. communication e. grammar

c. language

All of the following uses of language were discussed in the Readings chapter on verbal communication EXCEPT: Select one: a. affiliation b. organization & classification c. manipulation and coercion d. naming and identity e. relationships and liking

c. manipulation and coercion

Our overall ability to access, choose, analyze, evaluate, question and respond to media content—to engage in mindful media usage and informed judgment is known as: Select one: a. content analysis b. cultivation c. media literacy d. critical viewing e. selective retention

c. media literacy

In the Readings chapter on mass communication, we explored the impact of media conglomeration—the trend for large groups of media companies to be increasingly controlled by a relatively small number of large corporations. We suggested that one way conglomeration can benefit companies is via the possibility to maximize possible revenue from media content by utilizing the potential of as many distribution channels as possible within an integrated corporate framework. We labeled this strategy as: Select one: a. the digital revolution b. anti-intellectualism c. media synergy d. cultivation effects e. hypercommercialism

c. media synergy

Although he is embarrassed by it, Evan realizes that he suffers from an intense fear of hamsters. His friends and family are well aware of Evan's unusual phobia and frequently tease him about it. In which quadrant of the Johari window would this information about Evan be categorized? Select one: a. personal b. unknown c. open d. blind e. hidden

c. open

Which dialect in the Baxter-Rawlins dialectical tension model focuses on how much of a relationship is kept private or shared publicly? Select one: a. shared-secret b. autonomy-togetherness c. openness-closedness d. qualitative-quantitative e. novelty-predictability

c. openness-closedness

Which area of nonverbal communication examines the impact of phenomena such as laughing, tone of voice, and filled pauses (ums, etc.)? Select one: a. haptics b. oral dramatics c. paralinguistics d. newspeak e. chronemics

c. paralinguistics

When Jack ended his relationship with Anna, he tried to 'let her down easy' in their break-up conversation by expressing many positive feelings for her and blaming the break-up of the relationship on his own shortcomings and immaturity. Which of the relational disengagement strategies by Cody cited in the Readings text best describes Jack's communication? Select one: a. negative identity management b. justification c. positive tone d. the 'it's not you, it's me' strategy e. behavioral de-escalation

c. positive tone

In the review of Hong's research in the Readings chapter on mass communication, China's Xinhua news agency and the U.S. Voice of America initiative are described as 2 organizations who have their roots in: Select one: a. hypercommercialism b. economic imperative c. propaganda d. conglomeration e. the cold war

c. propaganda

Which field of study within the area of nonverbal communication examines the influence of space and distance in communication, including topics such as spatial layout and personal space? Select one: a. spacics b. metrics c. proxemics d. feng shui e. kinesics

c. proxemics

Defining interpersonal communication based on the number of people involved is using what type of definition? Select one: a. sociological definition b. interpretive definition c. quantitative definition d. psychological definition e. qualitative definition

c. quantitative definition

Dick and Jane are on a first date. After dinner, they spend a few hours in conversation trying to get to know one another. They discover that they are both communication majors, fans of the Boston Red Sox, and strong supporters of animal rights. Which of the factors affecting interpersonal attraction (relational formation) we discussed in class would suggest they may be likely to form a relationship? Select one: a. reciprocity b. proximity c. similarity thesis d. complementarity e. social exchange theory

c. similarity thesis

When we judge ourselves based on how we feel we measure up to other people, which process is occurring? Select one: a. reflected appraisal b. self disclosure c. social comparison d. self talk e. self esteem

c. social comparison

Jim and Tammy Faye have been having some relational difficulties lately. Their communication with each other has degenerated to the point where it feels like they are just "going through the motions"—their conversations with one another occur less frequently, and when they do happen, have become stale, routine, and for the most part, relatively insignificant. Which stage of the Knapp model of relational development best describes the current state of their relationship? Select one: a. termination b. disintegration c. stagnation d. differentiation e. disengagement

c. stagnation

In our class lectures on mass media, we discussed all of the following aspects of mass media messages in our daily lives EXCEPT: Select one: a. information source b. entertainment source c. subliminal influence d. pervasive e. persuasion forum

c. subliminal influence

Agenda-setting theory suggests that audiences attach importance to a topic or issue in part based on: Select one: a. the benefits derived from using a particular media source b. the plan or agenda instituted by opinion leaders c. the amount and quality of media coverage d. level of intelligence e. cultural preferences

c. the amount and quality of media coverage

In our class discussion of interpersonal communication, we discussed the concept of relational dialectics, which refers to: Select one: a. cues that are important in initiating and evaluating initial interactions b. a process whereby relations grow or 'come together' and eventually disintegrate and 'fall apart' c. the notion that relationships can be viewed at some level as a struggle among several sets of opposing and continual tensions d. the assertion that participants in conflict act on the basis of perception, not necessarily on fact e. an assessment of the potential costs and rewards involved in a relationship with a specific individual

c. the notion that relationships can be viewed at some level as a struggle among several sets of opposing and continual tensions

McLuhan's concept of the global village—the idea that as communication technology increases we will become increasingly connected because we all receive similar information—describes some potential drawbacks of this development, including: Select one: a. decreased solidarity b. increased anxiety due to information underload c. the potential loss of unique cultures d. both A and C e. both B and C

c. the potential loss of unique cultures

Which nonverbal stimuli includes qualities or elements of the voice separate from the verbal message? Select one: a. tonal nonverbal stimuli b. personal nonverbal stimuli c. vocal nonverbal stimuli d. environmental nonverbal stimuli e. linguistic nonverbal stimuli

c. vocal nonverbal stimuli

Which of the following is NOT one of the four principles we discussed regarding language & meaning? Select one: a. language expresses many kinds of meaning b. meaning is attached to language by humans c. words and language directly and objectively communicate meaning d. language is primary tool to directly express meaning e. language is subjective

c. words and language directly and objectively communicate meaning

Which of the following is NOT one of the general functions of nonverbal cues? Select one: a. interact with verbal cues b. communicate states (e.g. emotion) c. communicate status (e.g. relational information) d. ALL of the above (A,B, & C) are general functions of nonverbal cues e. NONE of the above are general functions of nonverbal cues

d. ALL of the above (A,B, & C) are general functions of nonverbal cues

Nonverbal communication involves assigning meaning to some cue other than words. According to class discussion, where does that meaning have to be created to count as nonverbal communication: Select one: a. the sender's mind only b. the receiver's mind only c. BOTH the sender's and receiver's mind d. EITHER the sender or receiver's mind e. no meaning is created in nonverbal communication

d. EITHER the sender or receiver's mind

Arriving home, Lena found the porcelain doll from her semester in France lying in pieces on the floor. When she asked her little sister Riley if she was responsible, Riley swore that she had never touched the doll and didn't know how it was broken. However Riley would not maintain eye contact, fidgeted uncomfortably, and nervously twirled her hair the entire time. According to our discussion of the ways in which verbal and nonverbal cues interact: Select one: a. Riley's nonverbal behavior is regulating her verbal communication Incorrect b. Riley's communication is endomorphic rather than ectomorphic c. Lena should focus on verbal communication because of the status differential between her and her sister d. Lena is likely to believe the messages being sent by Riley's nonverbal behavior over her verbal statements e. Riley's verbal statements are substituting for her nonverbal cues

d. Lena is likely to believe the messages being sent by Riley's nonverbal behavior over her verbal statements

In the Readings chapter on verbal communication, several strategies for increasing the efficacy of verbal communication were discussed. The idea that during an interaction we should attempt to focus on the actual objects, people, or events, rather than the words or labels used to describe them is referred to as: Select one: a. bypassing b. perception-checking c. being person centered d. an extensional orientation e. static evaluation

d. an extensional orientation

Nonverbal communication was defined as: Select one: a. environmental communication; the process by which we extract meaning from our physical, psychological, and relational surroundings b. the intentional creation and exchange of messages through nonlinguistic channels c. a process by which we perceive the behavior and actions of those around us d. any interaction in which a stimulus, other than words, which creates a meaning in either a sender's or receiver's mind e. communication through gestures and body language

d. any interaction in which a stimulus, other than words, which creates a meaning in either a sender's or receiver's mind

In our class discussion of verbal communication, we suggested several strategies for increasing the efficacy of verbal communication. Which strategy focuses on using language that is specifically adapted in some way to the particular person with whom we interact? Select one: a. an extensional orientation Incorrect b. perception-checking c. bypassing d. being person centered e. static evaluation

d. being person centered

Jane and Bill just hosted a party at which they announced their engagement to family and friends. Public acts like getting married or engaged, and other rituals or behaviors that legitimize a relationship in some sense would be described by which stage of the Knapp model of relational development? Select one: a. committing b. entwining c. initiating d. bonding e. integrating

d. bonding

In the Readings chapter on mass communication, we discussed conglomeration—the increasing trend over recent history for increasingly large clusters of media outlets to be controlled: Select one: a. by government entities b. by public demand c. by gatekeepers d. by a relatively small number of corporations e. by foreign ownership

d. by a relatively small number of corporations

In the chapter on verbal communication, we explored some of the challenges presented by words & language. Which challenge was described as occurring in a communication interaction when individuals mistakenly assume they understand each other's meaning, but are each interpreting language in a significantly different manner? Select one: a. exclusionary language b. polarization Incorrect c. static evaluation d. bypassing e. equivocation

d. bypassing

In the chapter on nonverbal communication, several approaches to defining nonverbal communication are discussed. Which of the following is NOT one of the approaches discussed in the chapter? Select one: a. receiver based approach b. message based approach c. behavioral approach d. channel based approach e. neurophysiological approach

d. channel based approach

Norm is giving his first presentation to the executive board in his new job with Atenhara Corporation. As he is about to begin his supervisor asks him if he is nervous. "No, not at all," he replies, even though he is sweating profusely and visibly shaking. Which of the ways that nonverbal messages interact with verbal messages describes this example? Select one: a. accent b. illustrate c. regulate d. contradict e. repeat

d. contradict

Which of the following was not identified as one of the 3 general source of nonverbal cues: Select one: a. personal nonverbal stimuli b. environmental nonverbal stimuli c. vocal nonverbal stimuli d. cultural nonverbal stimuli e. all of the above were identified as general sources of nonverbal cues

d. cultural nonverbal stimuli

Which of the functions of mass media described by Lasswell and Wright states that mass media can benefit society by providing recreation and a means to escape the drudgery of everyday life? Select one: a. transmission of social heritage b. correlation c. surveillance d. entertainment e. binding influence

d. entertainment

Brandi and Jared have recently broken up. Lately, each of them has been reflecting on their relationship, thinking about what went right and what went wrong as well as the meaning of their time together. Which phase of Duck's model of relational dissolution are they in? Select one: a. social phase b. end-game phase c. intrapsychic phase d. grave-dressing phase e. circumscribing phase

d. grave-dressing phase

Which term was originated by media scholar Robert McChesney to describe the increasing trend by media providers towards greater levels of commercialism in media content with reduced fear of consumer reprisal? Select one: a. product placement b. deregulation c. polarization d. hypercommercialism e. economic imperative

d. hypercommercialism

The fact that people among whom there exists some level of intimacy (e.g., married couples) may use certain nonverbal cues or symbols which they perceive as meaningful while others would probably not refers to what aspect of nonverbal communication? Select one: a. unintentional nature of NV comm. b. receiver orientation c. importance of body language d. idiosyncratic interpretation e. emphasis on physical appearance

d. idiosyncratic interpretation

Language rules that are not typically directly expressed, which are subjective to some degree, and that govern factors like the practical and situational use of language in various social situations can be described as: Select one: a. phonemic norms b. semantic rules c. cue-centered norms d. implicit rules e. explicit rules

d. implicit rules

Which stage is NOT part of the 'coming apart' phase of the Knapp model of relational development? Select one: a. terminating b. stagnating c. avoiding d. intensifying e. circumscribing

d. intensifying

While at a graduation party for her cousin Barb, Jenny was introduced to Dave, a friend of her cousin. During their initial conversation, Jenny began to feel attracted to Dave, primarily because his interests paralleled her own and because he was an engaging conversationalist. Jenny's evaluations best conform to which of Duck's filters: Select one: a. sociological cues b. nonverbal cues c. complementary cues d. interaction cues e. pre-interaction cues

d. interaction cues

Which property of language states that an individual's particular usage of language is a function of factors like experience and socialization? Select one: a. language reflects its user b. language is tied to thought c. language is rule-governed d. language is learned e. language is symbolic

d. language is learned

Which property of language is centered on the idea that we express who we are and learn about others through language, and that language use is based on our perspective and experience? Select one: a. language is learned b. language is a symbol system c. language is rule-governed d. language reflects its user e. language is systemic

d. language reflects its user

An ownership pattern, wherein large groups of media are increasingly controlled by a relatively small number of corporations is known as? Select one: a. media elitism b. economic imperative c. vertical integration d. media conglomeration e. media de-massification

d. media conglomeration

Which of the following is NOT a property of traditional mass media? Select one: a. sources were typically large complex organizations b. media content was typically directed towards large, diverse, & anonymous audiences c. feedback is typically delayed and indirect d. media content providers have traditionally focused on targeting narrow segments of the mass audience e. ALL of the above ARE properties of traditional mass media

d. media content providers have traditionally focused on targeting narrow segments of the mass audience

Which of the following is NOT one way that traditional characteristics of mass media have evolved? Select one: a. we have gone from a state of media scarcity to media abundance b. content is increasingly directed to specific segments of the mass audience c. interactivity has increased, with increased user control and greater levels of feedback that is more direct d. media usage has become less dependent on technology e. ALL of the above ARE ways that traditional characteristics of mass media have evolved

d. media usage has become less dependent on technology

In the chapter on interpersonal communication, we explored several strategies for relational disengagement discussed by Cody. Which strategy did Cody suggest was most frequently used, characterized by an individual portraying themselves as indifferent to the effects of the break-up or blaming the other person for the demise of the relationship? Select one: a. behavioral de-escalation b. positive tone c. justification d. negative identity management e. de-escalation

d. negative identity management

The qualitative definition of interpersonal communication is: Select one: a. messages that are transmitted by a source through a mass medium to a large group of people b. the process by which we initiate, maintain, & dissolve relationships c. a relatively stable set of perceptions we hold about ourselves that tell us who we are d. relational communication; based on recognition of communicators as unique individuals e. face to face communication between 2 people

d. relational communication; based on recognition of communicators as unique individuals

Lasswell and Wright describe four societal functions of mass media. Which function explores our use of mass media to provide information about the social environment—to effectively function as a second set of eyes and ears? Select one: a. hyper-commercialism b. propaganda c. oversight d. surveillance e. media literacy

d. surveillance

Devlin and Erin are two incoming university attending their freshman orientation. As part of an ice-breaking activity, they are paired with each other and told to spend 15 minutes getting to know one another. During the course discussion, a fairly consistent pattern of conversation emerges. Devlin disclosing that she graduated from Kennedy H.S. is followed by Erin's response that she received her diploma from Ward H.S. Erin's discussion of sharing her childhood with her 2 brothers is followed by Devlin remarking on what it was like growing up with her older sister, and so on. This sort of exchange illustrates which tendency in self-disclosure? Select one: a. pareto-optimality b. stall tactics c. great minds think alike (similarity thesis) d. the dyadic effect (norm of reciprocity) e. disconfirmation principle

d. the dyadic effect (norm of reciprocity)

In our class presentation on mass communication, we defined mass communication simply as: Select one: a. the study of communication between large collectives, such as organizations, corporations, and governments b. communication involving technology c. communication interactions between two individuals in a face to face setting d. the study of communication involving the mass media e. a communication process whereby a single source transmits information to many passive receivers

d. the study of communication involving the mass media

Which of the following is NOT one of the ways that nonverbal messages interact with verbal messages described by Ekman & Knapp? Select one: a. accent b. regulate c. repeat d. violate e. complement

d. violate

Differences can serve as a catalyst for forming a relationship when: Select one: a. differences are complementary b. differences are extremes c. each party values and accepts the difference d. ALL of the above (A, B, & C) e. A and C only

e. A and C only

Jane and Betty are chatting at the office water cooler during a break. In their conversation, they talk about wildfires in California, violence in the Middle East and the health benefits of an low carbohydrate diet. All three of these topics were featured on national news broadcasts the 2 women watched. What theory best describes this phenomena? Select one: a. hot-cool model b. uses and gratifications theory c. step theory d. elitist-populist model e. agenda setting theory

e. agenda setting theory

According to the social penetration model, self-disclosure can be described using what 2 dimensions? Select one: a. selection and organization b. importance and relativity c. paralinguistic and kinesic d. qualitative and quantitative e. breadth and depth

e. breadth and depth

Traditionally mass media content was targeted towards audiences that were considered large, anonymous, and diverse. This strategy was known as: Select one: a. hyper-commercialism b. media socialization c. anonymous distribution d. narrow-casting e. broad appeal

e. broad appeal

Which area of nonverbal communication examines the impact of time as it relates to communication? Select one: a. paralinguistics b. haptics c. histrionics d. theatrics e. chronemics

e. chronemics

After striking up a conversation at the local bar with a fellow patron named Jeff whom she had never met before, Melanie began thinking about what she had learned during the interaction and how Jeff's interests and personality seemed remarkably similar to her own. After talking things over with her friends and receiving similar positive responses from them, she decided to give Jeff a call to set up a date. According to Duck's filtering theory, Melanie's evaluation would be considered an example of which type of filter: Select one: a. conflicting cues b. pre-interaction cues c. emotive signals d. sociological cues e. cognitive cues

e. cognitive cues

As existing media develop increasing functionality and newer more complex media are introduced into society, there is an increasing tendency for distinctions among media to erode. This trend is known as: Select one: a. technical evolution b. conglomeration c. technological determinism d. segmentation e. convergence

e. convergence

Which of the 'coming together' stages described in the Knapp relational development model is often characterized by phatic communication? Select one: a. termination b. bonding c. stagnation d. circumscribing e. experimenting

e. experimenting

As discussed in the Readings chapter on the evolution of facial expressions, one of the major propositions of the neurocultural theory of emotions is that: Select one: a. some cultures are more adept at nonverbal communication than others b. cultural values can influence brain function to the extent that certain emotions (e.g. anger) may be emphasized while others (e.g. sadness) may minimized in a particular society c. societies and groups which emphasize traditionally masculine values like competition and aggression will tend to experience more hostile emotions (e.g. fear and anger) d. in many cultures, verbal cues are better indicators of emotions than nonverbal cues because of uniquely developed patterns of neurotransmitters in the brain Incorrect e. human emotions generate particular patterns of physiology and facial expressions that are universal across cultures but they may be modified by social learning and cultural display rules

e. human emotions generate particular patterns of physiology and facial expressions that are universal across cultures but they may be modified by social learning and cultural display rules

When the individuals in a relationship reach the point where their social circles begin to merge, and other people begin to view them as a couple, they are most likely undergoing which stage of the Knapp model? Select one: a. intensifying b. bonding c. experimenting d. initiating e. integrating

e. integrating

Kristy and Ken have been dating for about a year. Recently, however, both of them have realized that there are several aspects of their relationship which are unsatisfying and dysfunctional. Lately, each of them has spent significant time thinking about the ramifications of these issues and thinking about how best to proceed. According to the Readings discussion of Duck's model of relational dissolution Ken and Kristy are currently engaged in: Select one: a. resurrection processes b. grave-dressing processes c. dyadic processes d. social processes e. intrapsychic processes

e. intrapsychic processes

The idea that language determines thought,—the strong form of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis—is known as: Select one: a. linguini ala marinara b. linguistic fatalism c. linguistic existentialism d. linguistic relativism e. linguistic determinism

e. linguistic determinism

What does Baran define as 'the process of creating shared meaning between mass media & their audiences '? Select one: a. dynamic globalization b. group communication c. organizational communication d. technological communication e. mass communication

e. mass communication

Labattwieser Beer™ is purchased mainly by men ages 20-29. In order to help ensure their new TV commercial reaches the most male viewers in that age range, the advertising department purchased air time during Monday Night Football, since that program has been shown to have the largest percentage of those viewers. This improving ability and emerging focus of mass media on specifically targeting messages at narrow segments of the mass audience is known as? Select one: a. media specialization b. media conglomeration c. media nullification d. media focus groups e. media de-massification

e. media de-massification

Although the current media landscape is characterized by an abundance of media sources, fewer barriers to entry, and an increasing potential for individuals to be both consumers and producers of media content, the traditional nature of mass media sources in past history might be described as: Select one: a. inferential feedback b. liberal sourcing c. restricted sourcing d. media proliferation e. media scarcity

e. media scarcity

In the Readings chapter on the evolution of facial expressions, Frank reviews several concepts related to facial expressions in human beings. Which theory suggests that basic human emotions generate particular patterns of physiology and facial expressions, that these facial expressions are universal across cultures, but that their ultimate expression was modified, exacerbated, suppressed, or masked by social learning processes dependent on personal, family, or cultural display rules? Select one: a. biopsychological theory of behavior b. social penetration theory c. cultural equivalence theory d. facial display theory e. neurocultural theory of emotions

e. neurocultural theory of emotions

Which of the following statements about nonverbal communication is FALSE? Select one: a. nonverbal and verbal communication are inextricably linked—they function together b. nonverbal communication is both normative & idiosyncratic in interpretation c. nonverbal communication is typically undervalued d. nonverbal communication involves multiple channels e. nonverbal communication is sender oriented

e. nonverbal communication is sender oriented

In the Readings chapter on interpersonal communication, we discussed relational dialectics—the idea that relationships can be viewed in some sense as a struggle to deal with tensions resulting from competing relational needs. Which dialectical tension was described as the need for consistency as stability in a relationship, but also for some degree of excitement and dynamism? Select one: a. autonomy-connection b. similarity-complementarity c. openness-closedness d. intimacy-distance e. novelty-predictability

e. novelty-predictability

Uses and gratification theory suggests that audiences select media based on their needs—focusing on the potential rewards but also on the: Select one: a. found to be underrepresented compared to the real life US population, especially in the area of abuse b. ways media are used by their peers c. entirely absent—in the words of authors: "every single character on soap operas 'just said no' to drugs and alcohol" d. cultural norms e. potential costs

e. potential costs

In the discussion of Stefanone's research in the mass communication chapter in the Readings text, consumption of what genre of television does he suggest can influence an individual's use of social media? Select one: a. sensationalist news coverage b. tabloid journalism c. violent action films d. sporting events e. reality television

e. reality television

Ben and Liz were discussing their performance on the last COM 101 exam. When Ben told Liz he earned a perfect score, Liz responded by exclaiming "That's really great!" while also giving him the 'thumbs up' sign. According to Ekman & Knapp, which of the 6 ways that verbal and nonverbal cues interact is occurring? Select one: a. regulate b. contradict c. accent d. substitute e. repeat

e. repeat

Sharing information about ourselves with others that they would not otherwise know is referred to as? Select one: a. social exchange b. social comparison c. dyadic primacy d. attribution e. self disclosure

e. self disclosure

A relatively stable set of perceptions we hold about ourselves that help us form an image of who we are is referred to as: Select one: a. johari window b. communication competence c. daily affirmation d. internal compass e. self-concept

e. self-concept

Which of the following is NOT one of the 4 learned sub-systems of language? Select one: a. phonemics b. syntactics c. semantics d. pragmatics e. signifiers

e. signifiers

According to the discussion of listening in the chapter on interpersonal communication in the Readings text, one reason we may oversimplify the act of listening is that we often tend to equate it solely with: Select one: a. an antiquated process, given the power of social media to meet interpersonal needs b. an opportunity for another person to make demands of us c. the discussion of emotion d. a distraction from our own needs e. the physical act of hearing

e. the physical act of hearing