COM4930 UF Sports Communication Exam 1
How many unique visitors does Youtube have per month?
1 Billion
5 features of being an exemplar man
1) physical force & control 2) occupational achievement 3) patriarchy 4) romantic frontiersman or modern outdoorsman 5) heterosexuality
Ways in which homophobia manifests itself in sports
1) silence - lack of outrage when Penn State's women's basketball coach enacted a no-lesbian policy 2) denial - either claiming not to be gay or that one's private life is not up for discussion 3) apology - a performance of proper gender roles, particularly in public roles other than during sport 4) promotion of heterosexy image - ex. sexy calendars of female athletes for promotion 5) attacks on lesbians - bad-mouthing in recruiting, arguing that other teams have a disproportionate number of gay players 6) preference for male coaches - hiding homosexuality in women's sports through the presence of a male coach
4 factors influence the degree to which we choose to begin or continue playing sports
1. Personality characteristics • active vs. passive 2. Resources 3. Interactions with close contacts - Sport-loving parents tend to yield sport-loving children 4. Athletic ability - Both inherent and developed in initial experiences
3 pronged approach of 1979
1.Athletic opportunities are provided that are proportionate to the student enrollment 2.Athletic opportunities are continually expanded for the underrepresented sex 3.Athletic interests of the underrepresented sex are fully satisfied
sports hero
A transcendent individual who faces tests and trials of strength and character. Through such challenges, the hero is transformed, "leaving one condition and finding the source of life to bring forth...a richer or mature condition
In the 1960s & 70s, _____ became an increasingly prevalent thing, especially among Black athletes
Activism
visibility jobs
Anchor play-by-play announcer color analyst sideline reporter radio host print reporter feature columnist
The ________ by Tommie Smith & John Carlos at the 1968 Olympic Games has become one of the most iconic moments in Black Sports History
Black Power salute
What Sport became one of the earliest places where races competed in the same competition?
Boxing
Sports
Contests that involve a physical component
Media Entities
Cover the sport being played Despite increase in jobs, most of them can still be divided into 2 main types: visibility jobs & production jobs
The domination of a culturally diverse society by the ruling class, who manipulate the culture of that society — the beliefs, explanations, perceptions, values, and mores — so that their ruling-class worldview becomes the worldview that is imposed and accepted as the cultural norm; as the universally valid dominant ideology that justifies the social, political, and economic status quo as natural, inevitable, perpetual and beneficial for everyone, rather than as artificial social constructs that benefit only the ruling class.
Cultural Hegemony
There is a fine line between fostering national unity and cultivating an attitude that either stereotypes or denigrates other identities
Danger Zone
social when it comes to creating or sharing content
Facebook 72% Adults, 18-29; Women, High income Pinterest 31% Women; College-Educated Instagram 28% Adults, 18-29; Blacks, Latinos; Urban Twitter 23% Adults, 18-49; Blacks, Latinos; Urban Snapchat 18% Teens and adults, 18-29
Most ESPN articles are related to...
Fantasy Sports
Examines how print and broadcast journalists tell stories so that particular themes or values are featured over others
Framing Theory
The practice of a qualifying which gender is participating in a given sport.
Gender Marking
The growing network of interdependencies -political, economic, cultural, and social -that bind human beings together, for better or worse.
Globalization
Refers to the social ascendancy of a particular version or model of masculinity that, operating on the terrain of "common sense" and conventional morality, defines "what it means to be a man"
Hegemonic Masculinity
When a sporting event has national appeal, it draws a (Higher/Lower) TV viewership
Higher
Hybrid jobs
Hybrid because a single person may contribute to the whole process in a singular fashion
The system of ideas of a given class of people that incorporates the dominant ideas, values, rituals, and history of that group.
Ideology
One Drop Rule
If a person has any level of non-White heritage, he or she is regarded as a minority.
What is the role of a ritual?
It can produce a permanent or transformation in an individual or group and represent important rites of passage for both spectators (e.g. tailgating, cheers) and participants (e.g. pre-game warmups, athlete superstition)
first Back heavyweight champion in 1908
Jack Johnson
First African American to join the white baseball league by playing for the Brooklyn Dodgers
Jackie Robinson
Went to the 1936 Berlin Summer Olympics and won 4 Gold medals in front of citizens of Nazi Germany
Jesse Owens
Sports participation for Genders
Male - 75% Female - 69%
Sports Comm. in the 2000s
New avenues for sports comm. research, including several national conferences, journals, and special journal issues dedicated completely to Communication in Sports
Passage of Title IX (1972)
No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance
Play
Non-utilitarian physical or intellectual activity pursued for its own sake
The only 2 sports events that have more female viewership than men
Olympics Kentucky Derby
4 main "players" in sports
Participants • Media Entities • Organizations • Fans
A journey that is designed to have spiritual significance
Pilgrimage
Participants
Play the sport
The unavoidable conflicts that are inherent in human relations.
Political
Encompasses the practices, discourses, and institutions in and through which we seek to address those conflicts and establish order. Politics, therefore, is the means by which we come to terms with conflict and construct collective identities
Politics
Organizations
Serve the role of governing and organizing athletes' efforts and provide spaces & events that advance opportunities for participation
Language used to stigmatize people though mislabeling or denunciation of sexual orientations
Sexual Disparagement
Vested Fan
Significant emotional attachment to the success or failure of a team
Fan Types
Social Focused Vested
Focused Fan
Spend considerable time following outcomes and their favorite teams
Super Bowl: Mythic Spectacle
Studied how the TV broadcast of the Super Bowl was arranged to emphasize the mythology of football as ritualized expression of American identity.
Sports Comm. in the 1990s
Studies of communication and sports gained legitimacy in the community as a serious pursuit•The sports page was originally referred to in news media as the "toy department" (Rowe, 2007)
Traditional
TV, Radio, and Print
College that won a basketball championship with an all-minority team in 1966
Texas Western
Social Fan
The interest in the sport is driven by the ability to connect with others
What are the 2 most routinely watched TV events in the world?
The world cup The Olympics
Myth
They are stories (mythos) in which "exceptional people do exceptional things that serve as a moral guide to proper action"
Fan
Those who experience a greater devotion to the sport
Spectator
Those who watch & observe
Most scholarly work is done on which social media platform?
sportuguese
Using sports terms to discuss something
Games
What happens when play becomes organized
Contests
When games have winners and losers
Which president was the first to do throw the first pitch in 1910 at a Washington Nationals game
William Howard Taft
Trujillo & Ekdom (1985)
focused on how "American cultural values are displayed, affirmed and integrated" in sports journalism
Ethnicity
heritage & culture (eg. Hispanic)
Fans
highly influential members of the sport community because they are often motivated to play more sports, as well as consume them, allowing spots orgs. to exist and thrive
Types of communication studies
intercultural, interpersonal, mediated, organizational, and rhetorical communication
using (or not using) the Star Spangled Bannerat a sporting event (is/is not) political
is
Farrell (1989)
looked at how mediated production of the Olympics used international politics to create dramatic narratives that fostered national identity
production jobs
photographer producer (how the story/game will be edited to unfold) director camera persons Editorial Department writers researchers editors
Invitations and visits by athletes and sports teams to the White House
presidential sports encomia
Race
socially constructed (eg. hairstyle & dress)
4 lenses for changing media influence
•traditional •new •social •user generated
