COMD 281- Unit 2 Quiz 2

Typical average fundamental frequencies for young men and women (respectively) are:

130, and 200 Hz

The ventricular folds:

Are located above the true vocal folds and contain very few muscle fibers

In old age the F0's of men and women:

Become more similar to each other with higher F0's in old men and lower F0's in old women

Which of the following statements is true about the rotation at the cricothyroid joints?

Both the cricoid cartilage and thyroid cartilage may rotate relative to the other cartilage

The area of the glottis:

Can range from absent (no glottis) to very large

The downward movement of the epiglottis to cover the upper opening into the larynx is produced by:

Contraction of the aryepiglottic muscle, a continuation of the oblique arytenoid muscle fibers

The vocal ligament is the upper, thickened end of the:

Conus elasticus

The cricoid cartilage has four facets that provide points of connection with other cartilages. These points of connection are called the:

Cricothyroid and cricoarytenoid joints

In your text the following statement appears: "Vocal fold stiffness can be changed by contractions of muscles external to the vocal folds that tend to stretch them and/or pull them more taut from end to end and by contractions of muscles internal to the vocal folds that modify their internal mechanical status" (p. 85); which muscles are most likely to cause these stiffness changes?

Cricothyroid and vocalis muscles

The pars rectus and pars oblique are two components of the:

Cricothyroid muscle

Turbulence noise production takes place in and around the vocal folds when they:

Form a narrow constriction in the airway, as in whispering

The front and back attachments of the vocal fold are:

Front = inner surface of the thyroid cartilage, near midline and immediately below thyroid notch; back = vocal process of arytenoid cartilage

Which of the following structures ossify during development from birth through old age?

Hyoid bone Thyroid cartilage Cricoid cartilage All of the above

Laryngeal airway resistance will increase with:

Increased airflow

Voice sound pressure level can be increased not only by increasing tracheal pressure, but also by:

Increasing laryngeal opposing pressure and opening the mouth wider

The distinction between intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the larynx is:

Intrinsic muscles have both points of attachments within the larynx, extrinsic muscles have one point of attachment outside the larynx and one point of attachment within the larynx

The thyroid cartilage:

Is the largest of the laryngeal cartilages Has a depression in the front, called the thyroid notch, where the two lamina of the cartilage meet Has upward- and downward-directed horns at the back of the lamina All of the above

The upper end of the aryepiglottal folds form part of the:

Laryngeal aditus

The compressive force exerted between the adducted vocal folds is called:

Laryngeal opposing pressure

Which structure separates the true from false vocal folds and contains the saccules that provide fluid for lubricating the true vocal folds?

Laryngeal ventricle

During development from birth to five years of age, the structure that dramatically changes position downward along the vertebral column is the:

Larynx

Contraction of the cricothyroid muscle:

Lengthens the vocal fold by increasing the distance between the forward and backward attachment of the fold Moves the vocal process of the arytenoid cartilage away from the thyroid notch Decreases the distance between the upper edge of the arch of the cricoid cartilage and the lower edge of the thyroid lamina All of the above

The cartilages of the larynx are held together by:

Membranes and ligaments

The general function of the extrinsic muscles of the larynx is to:

Position the larynx in the neck, in both the vertical and front-back dimensions

The muscle that attaches to the muscular process of the arytenoid cartilage and produces the upward and outward rocking motion at the cricoarytenoid joint is the:

Posterior cricoarytenoid muscle

Abduction of the vocal folds can be produced by the __________________ muscle and means that the vocal folds are moving _______________ from the midline:

Posterior cricoarytenoid; away

A voice register is a range of consecutive utterances produced along a pitch scale that are

Similar in voice quality Similar in mechanical behavior of vocal fold vibration

When people talk about the "loudness" of the sound made by the vibrating vocal folds, the physical basis of this percept is:

Sound pressure level (in dB)

The thyroid cartilage connects directly to the following structures in the larynx:

The cricoid cartilage and epiglottis

When the thyroarytenoid muscle contracts, what happens?

The internal tension of the muscle increases when the length of the muscle is held constant by the action of other muscles, and/or the muscle may be shortened by decreasing the distance between the arytenoid cartilage and the thyroid cartilage

The upper opening of the larynx is called:

The laryngeal aditus

The region between the ventricular folds and the laryngeal aditus is often called:

The laryngeal vestibule

Adduction of the vocal folds can be produced by

The lateral cricoarytenoid and arytenoid muscles

What is the lower boundary of the larynx?

The lower margin of the cricoid cartilage

The thryoarytenoid muscle is said by many to consist of two parts including:

The more lateral thyromuscularis muscle and the more medial vocalis muscle

Fundamental frequency (F0) is defined as:

The number of vibrations of the vocal folds occurring over a one second interval

The term "glottis" refers to:

The opening between the vocal folds

When tracheal pressure overcomes the laryngeal opposing pressure, why is a convergent glottis shape formed early in the cycle of vibration for voice production?

The vocal folds move apart first at the bottom, with the opening continuing toward the top of the folds; this naturally produces a convergent glottis shortly after the beginning of the cycle

Why are there differences in the typical fundamental frequencies of young adult men and women?

The vocal folds of men are longer and more massive than the vocal folds of women

What do the lateral cricoarytenoid muscle and posterior cricoarytenoid muscle have in common?

They both have attachments to the muscular process of the arytenoid cartilage, and their contractions produce the rocking motion at the cricoarytenoid joint (but in opposing directions)

In running speech fundamental frequency (F0):

Varies quite a bit and gives the listener an impression of intonation, or the melody of voice

Which of the following statements is true concerning the muscular mechanisms of adjusting fundamental frequency (F0)?

Various intrinsic and possibly extrinsic muscles of the larynx can play a role in adjusting F0

What are the names of the two projections from the base of the arytenoid cartilage?

Vocal process and muscular process

The closest perceptual correlate of the acoustic spectrum of the laryngeal source is:

Voice quality