COMM 2850

in the last half a century, general citizenship behaviors have -stayed consistent -become more mobilizing -increased -decreased

-decreased

according to frederick douglass a good citizen: -focuses only on the good things they see in their country -finds problems in their country and works to solve them -looks to tradition to make decisions -is loyal to their political party no matter how it changes over time

-finds problems in their country and works to solve them

what makes communication different that other social sciences -the use of statistics to analyze behavior -focus on the combination of people and their environment -focus on the brain -focus on messages

-focus on messages

which of the following is not an example we discussed of mass media? -blogs -old fashioned radio -newspapers -having a conversation with your roommate about a TV show you're both watching

-having a conversation with your roommate about a TV show you're both watching

which is true about citing APA sources? -in-text citations and references should correspond -you should have more references than in-text citations -direct quotes should have in-text citations but paraphrases should have a reference -you should have more in-text citations than references

-in-text citations and references should correspond

according to dr. richards, propaganda -has not really been a problem historically -is created by government to suppress civil liberties -is used to increase support for the social hierarchy or even manipulate perceptions of reality -is created to control majority group members

-is used to increase support for the social hierarchy or even manipulate perceptions of reality

according to dr. richards, nazi propaganda was different than other propaganda because -it reached deeply into peoples personal lives -is presented a simplified version of the world -it was both visual and auditory -it included symbolism

-it reached deeply into peoples personal lives

in a research study about media coverage of climate change, fox news differed from other networks in that -it provided the same amount of scientific facts but with more political spin -it provided panelists who better reflect the scientific community -it was dismissive of scientific facts -it provided panelists who had more education on geology than climate

-it was dismissive of scientific facts

according to lecture, when it comes to sharing your own personal opinion in the social sciences, -you should never shard your personal opinion -it's fine as long as you support your opinion with evidence -your opinion should be based on emotions instead of evidence -you should save your opinion for the very end of a paper or conversation

-it's fine as long as you support your opinion with evidence

which of the following is not one of the problems we discussed regarding the relationship between media and citizenship -many media industries prioritize profits over democratic engagement -consumption of high quality journalistic news is decreasing -media effects impact people with less formal education more than people with formal education -many americans don't fully understand how our institutions work

-media effects impact people with less formal education more than people with formal education

who was the only president who had a perfect relationship with the press -richard nixon -none -bill clinton -george washington

-none

according to lecture, one of the problems we have with the "status" component of "citizenship" is -that citizenship status is subjective -that many times people who have the same status on paper are not actually given the same rights in the real world -that status and obligations overlap so much that it is hard to tease them apart -that is changes so quickly it's har to know who has citizenship status

-that many times people who have the same status on paper are not actually given the same rights in the real world

according to dr. richards, one of the reasons why people believe conspiracy theories is -the lack of evidence supporting them is seen as evidence that information is being suppressed -some cultures are more gullible than others -individual people seek out complex explanations for complex problems -they connect Piaget's theory of brain development

-the lack of evidence supporting them is seen as evidence that information is being suppressed

regarding the covid-19 pandemic, research shows that people who watched fox news -were more informed than people who watched other networks -were less informed that people who watched other networks -were equally informed as people who watched other networks -didn't know what viruses were or how they worked

-were less informed that people who watched other networks

Which of the following would not be protected under the First Amendment?

Advertising a service that is not legal

Which of the following is true of the relationships between epistemology, media, and our ideas about our objective reality?

All 3 are related to each other

Which of the following is NOT one of the problems we discussed regarding the relationship between media and citizenship?

Americans read the news more than they used to

Which of the following is an example of a proprietary marketplace?

Apple creates apps but also competes with other companies to sell apps on apple phones

Which of the following is NOT one of the policies advocated for by Freedom House?

Avoid incentivizing technology companies to improve their products

Which sources are appropriate to use for the social sciences?

Both peer-reviewed and popular sources

Three professors wrote a paper together. Dr. Carlton did the most work on the paper and made the most significant contributions to it. Dr. Abo did the second most amount of work. Dr. Jean did the least. Which order will their names be listed in for the reference?

Carlton, Abo, Jean

How did we define "Citizenship" in lecture?

Citizenship is finding a good balance between obligations and rights

Which of the following is true of local television news?

Some stations are owned by large corporations that are not local

Which of the following is true about political ads?

Television and internet ads are regulated differently

Which of the following is accurate about mass audiences, as discussed in lecture?

There is no true mass audience because we all see things differently based on our individual differences

In the social sciences, what is the general viewpoint about an objective reality?

We accept that there is an objective reality, and it can be measured

Book bans are a concern for social rights because they can reduce

access to shared resources

Which of the following does NOT count as disinformation?

accidentally spelling a name wrong

people used to think of journalism as being well done if it was balanced. now journalists focus on being

accurate, even if that doesn't mean being balanced

What is meant by the term "lizard brain"?

basic emotions like fear and anger

which of the following is not a field housed primarily in the social sceinces? -psychology -communication -economics -biology

biology

problems with disinformation include

both that people disbelieve real news and that they believe false news

Sometimes media effects are conditional, meaning that an effect may only be found for specific people, messages, or study design characteristics. The term for this is

boundary conditions

In the study about violent video games with young boys who were told they could blast opponents with loud noise. Which of the following is true about the results of the study.

boys who identified strongly with violent characters in the game were willing to blast opponents with noise loud enough they believed it would cause permanent hearing damage

before conducting a meta-analysis you should

choose some questions you'd like to answer

Uncle Bob likes President X. Recently though, President X said something that Uncle Bob thinks is wrong. Now, Uncle Bob is torn on whether he should still support President X. This is an example of

cognitive dissonance

In recent years, the percent of countries that are considered "free"

decreased

The number of Americans who trust the media is

decreasing

Which of the following is not one of the concerns we discussed in lecture regarding media literacy?

disinformation on billboards

One counter-intuitive fact we discussed in our media literacy lecture was that

even young people who grew up with the internet struggle with media literacy

Meta-analysis

examines the results of many peer-reviewed studies

The study of misinformation and disinformation began in 2016.

false

Bots frequently send messages that manipulate

fear and anger

The goal of the scientific method is to

find out the truth

The peer-review system is

flawed but overall effective

As discussed in lecture, historically, many countries have lost their democracy when they lost

freedom of speech

Our interactions with bots are

frequent

The two places where you cite sources for APA format are

in-text citations and a reference page

Which is true of citing sources in APA format?

in-text citations and references should correspond

Individual costs of the filter bubble include all of the following except

increased access to less partisan sites

Your rights as a citizen include all of the following except

individualism rights, like your right to overrule other people's rights

All of the following are citizenship obligations we discussed except

informational duties, like having a paid subscription to a newspaper

In order for democracy to work well, we need

input from many different people

Which of the following is true about the relationship between the presidents and the press?

it is important to maintain a balance that allows the press to act as a watchdog without causing harm

In the dehumanization study we looked at, viewing sports programming led to attitudes and behaviors that condone violence against women because

it objectifies women

According to Dr. Richards, one of the reason's that people were drawn toward Hitler's propaganda is

it took real hardships faced by the German people and provided a scapegoat for those problems

According to lecture, when it comes to sharing your own personal opinion in the social sciences,

it's fine as long as you support your opinion with evidence

One of the issues we talked about regarding citizenship and consumerism is that

journalists are often influenced by economics when it comes to picking a story to write about

audiences tend to be bigger for news outlets that are

less partisan

As discussed in lecture, research shows us that people are more likely to be responsible citizens if they are

living comfortably with access to healthcare and educational pursuits

According to lecture, when you're studying history, the most important thing to do is

look for patterns

Collective decision making is based on a shared reality. This can be a problem for media and citizenship because

many people have misperceptions about science and politics

An example of danger to journalists discussed in lecture includes the murder of 5 people at the Capital Gazette in 2018 in

maryland

According to Reporters Without Borders, journalism in the last few years has become

more dangerous

Democracy works best when we have ___________.

more of it

The results of the study on civility on the website Usenet showed that

most communications were civil

According to Social Cohesion Theory

music evolved to be prosocial

Who was the only president who had a perfect relationship with the press?

none

The ideal way to decide if a behavior is a good citizenship behavior is

none are ideal

At which point in the stages of media do monopolies often form?

peak

Disinformation spreads most quickly when

people believe that one media source is the only one that they can trust

Which of the following is not a field in the social sciences?

physics

What is gerrymandering?

politicians change voting districts to give themselves an advantage and create districts that are not representative of the public

Which of the following is NOT protected free speech?

printing a story that you know is not true in a newspaper

One of the reasons why so many Germans went along with the Nazi plans is that

propaganda over simplifies the world

Teresa warns her son not to drink whiskey because it might lead to him making bad decisions. Her son got mad that she tried to give him advise, so he got drunk on whiskey. This is an example of

psychological reactance

Good uses of algorithms include

reducing our workload

According to Dr. Richards, what makes propaganda more powerful?

repetition

Politeness is different than civility because politeness focuses more on

rules/etiquette

Jamie had to correct his boss during a meeting, but he did so in a way that reiterated her pass success on a similar issue. He was using which type of politeness?

saving face

According to the video we watched from Harvard Kennedy, one of the solutions to improving the relationship between media and democracy could include

strengthening local media

As discussed in lecture, Dr. Garrett's main concern about the term "filter bubbles" is

that it sounds like people receive no information at all outside their filter bubble

Unfortunately, sometimes the less you know about a topic, the more confident you may be in your knowledge about that topic. On the other hand, the more you learn about a topic, the less confident you are that you are knowledable about that topic. This is an example of

the Dunning-Kruger effect

McNamee worries about facebook causing problems in all of the following EXCEPT

the electoral college

One of the reasons why citizenship behaviors are decreasing even though we now have access to vast amounts of information (via the internet) is

the media tends get people emotional but doesn't include information on how to actually get involved in solving problems

When making decisions for citizenship issues, you should primarily use peer-reviewed research if...

there is relevant peer-reviewed information available to you

In the research article about stereotypes, when Muslim students viewed negative portrayals of other Muslims in the media, what effect did it have?

they wanted to avoid interactions with other Americans from different religions

In the social movement study we looked at, what impact did exposure to sexually explicit internet material have on participants?

they were less supportive of the #metoo movement and more accepting of rape myths

ted has been recently elected to a political office and is working on a budget. he is looking at last years budget and asking questions about why a large sum of money is spent on decorations. his associate tells him "we've always had the best decorations". this is an appeal to

tradition

Civility can be reduced when too much focus is put on politeness.

true

Currently, women are underrepresented in the game development industry.

true

It is more difficult to publish scientific evidence that two things are not related than that they are (due to a publishing bias).

true

The goals of fact checking involve both influencing people's beliefs and decreasing the incentives for politicians to lie by calling them out when they do.

true

When dispelling misinformation, it's important to not just tell the audience what is wrong, but you should also give them a more reasonable explanation for what they see.

true

While violent video games can increase aggression, in some circumstances, they can also decrease helping behaviors.

true

Fake news (disinformation) can very quickly gain traction by

using bots

Nazi propaganda promoted the idea that Nazis were both

victims and saviors

Regarding the Covid-19 pandemic, research shows that people who watched Fox News

were less informed than people who watched other news networks

Professional journalism is transparent in

what they cover, how they cover it, and how they finance it

all of the following are ways we discussed in which disinformation can spread except

when people feel that they are not welcome into a group, they are more likely to believe that groups disinformation to try to gain their acceptance.