Comm Final Quiz Questions

Concentration of media ownership refers to:

A few media companies buying more and more stations and getting bigger

According to Theodor Adorno and Frankfurt school scholars: All the options are correct. Mass culture is largely in the hands of capitalist monopolies. Media function as forces of cultural production. Most popular culture is manufactured on production lines like Aunt Jemima's ready-mix pancakes.

All options are correct

Time Wise would not support which of the following? American society moved beyond race after the election of President Obama in 2008. Welfare spending was seen as good and beneficial to society when blacks were not able to benefit from welfare. Black veterans were not able to benefit from the housing credits and loans that were offered to white veterans after the WWII. Government's "war on drugs" disproportionately incarcerates black men.

American society moved beyond race after the election of President Obama in 2008.

Who created hegemony?

Antonio Gramsci

Which two companies signed a new deal in October 2016 for a new media merger?

At&t--Time Warner

What were the two basic texts that Marx used to develop his critique of capitalism?

Communist Manifesto and Capital

The term ___________________ refers to the loosening of ownership and other restrictions on the media during the 1980s and the 90s.

Deregulation

Who was not a member of the Frankfurt school? Edward Herman Theodor Adorno Walter Benjamin Herbert Marcuse Max Horkheimer

Edward Herman

Who is credited with Orientalism

Edward Said

Which one below is not among the concepts associated with Michel Foucault? False consciousness History Discipline Surveillance

False consciousness

The term subjectivity today is mostly associated with _________________'s work and ____________________ approaches.

Foucault and poststructualism

Which one is a euphemism for capitalism?: Free markets Public sphere Technological determinism Culture industry

Free markets

Habermas regards ___________ and ______________ as minimal preconditions of a public sphere.

Free press and independent journalism

Which one below is not true for Jürgen Habermas and his work? a) He argues that today's commercial media is the guardian of rational critical debate within the public sphere. b) His book focused on the historical genesis of the bourgeoisie public sphere and its transformation. c) The title of his book is The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere. d) He is a member of the Frankfurt School.

He argues that today's commercial media is the guardian of rational critical debate within the public sphere.

The term ____________________ points to the complex ways in which a dominant group makes its own beliefs appear natural and necessary, thus convincing individuals to give their consent to their own subjugation.

Hegemony

"The ideas of the ruling class are in every epoch the ruling ideas..." This quote from Karl Marx explains which concept below?

Ideology

Which one would not be correct according to Foucault? Individuals are totally powerless in the face of modern mechanisms of surveillance and control. Panopticon makes it seem as if power resides in the machine, not in the operator. Power is not necessarily "bad," because it can also be productive. Power is not merely physical force but a pervasive human dynamic.

Individuals are totally powerless in the face of modern mechanisms of surveillance and control.

Which one below is false for the concept of hegemony? It refers to "rule by coercion." Antonio Gramsci developed the concept. It is an improvement on the concept of ideology. Hegemony does not simply mean domination

It refers to 'rule by coercion'

Who focused on the relationship between ideology and human psychology?

Jacques Lacan

Which one is NOT true about Marxism? a. Marx succeeded to avoid inconsistencies and contradictions throughout his works. b. Marx is not the only influence on Marxism. c. Marxism inspired various sorts of political movements throughout the world. d. Marxism responds to and develops the ideas in the writings of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. e. Marxism as a school of thought is interested in the development of capitalism.

Marx succeeded to avoid inconsistencies and contradictions throughout his works.

Who wrote this book: Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison ?

Michael Foucault

What refers to the relationships of power and domination between the Asian/Middle Eastern cultures and the Western colonial powers?

Orientalism

The term convergence may refer to both ______________ and ________________ convergence.

Technological and corporate

Which sentence below would be false about the chapter "Introduction" (Critical Theory book)? The chapter did not mention anything about the differences between the literate and pre-literate societies. Many popular films and TV shows (Matrix, Buffy the Vampire Slayer etc.) are inspired by the theories such as Marxism, feminism and others that will be covered in the book. People in pre-literate (oral) societies, like us today, were also concerned about the copyrights, and they wanted to know who has the ownership of an original work. Humans' conception of "sex and sexuality" has changed over time from ancient Greeks to the 19th century.

The chapter did not mention anything about the differences between the literate and pre-literate societies.

True or false: According to Enlightenment philosophy, "subject" is an autonomous entity completely in control of its thoughts and actions; it is the independent and authentic source of action and meaning.

True

True or false: According to Robert McChesney in Rich Media Poor Democracy, the term deregulation is misleading. What is really meant by deregulation is regulation on behalf of private interests.

True

True or false: Prior to the mid-eighteenth century, science tended to perceive men and women as versions of one sex.

True

Critical theorists approach race as: a discursive or ideological creation a biological fact

a discursive or ideological creation

For Marx, ideology is: a subtle process representing a specific interest as a general interest. about how not-intelligent people are duped by the ruling class.

a subtle process representing a specific interest as a general interest.

Scholars in the tradition of Critical theory are interested in: a) All options are correct b) fighting ideological mystification c) providing a critique of the status-quo d) criticizing their own conformist tendencies e) changing the society for the better

a) all options are correct

Contemporary political economy approaches to media a) are critical of capitalism's inequities b) prioritize profit-making over public good

a) are critical of capitalism's inequities

Which one below is not true about Frankfurt School? a) The institute has referred to its work as the "analytical theory of society." b) They applied key Marxist social categories to the analysis of culture, communication and the media. c) Most members were Jews and Marxists who were forced to flee Germany. d) The term Frankfurt Schools refers to the work of the members of the Institute for Social Research in Frankfurt. e) It was established in Frankfurt, Germany between the two World Wars.

a) the institute has referred to its work as the "analytical theory of society"

What are scholars in the tradition of Critical theory interested in?

analyzing how technological innovations are having transformative effects on human consciousness stories and narratives humans generated since ancient Greeks. putting our current way of thinking into historical context

The key concepts in media and communication studies: are mostly contested and ambiguous have clear-cut, dictionary-like definitions

are mostly contested and ambiguous

AOL and Time Warner merger, one of the largest mergers in the history of the media, _________________________

collapsed and the two companies separated

Media scholars make a distinction between ______________ regulation and ________________ regulation

content and structural

According to Foucault, our idea of sexuality:

does not in ancient greece

The notion of ethnicity is based on the idea that

everybody has one

True or false: According to Louis Althusser's approach to ideology, we can step out of ideology and uncover ideological mystification by pointing to the real world hidden by ideology.

false

True or false: Critical theorists favor and support binary oppositions such as male/female, Occident/Orient, good/evil, because such binaries are fundamental to understand foreign cultures.

false

True or false: Scholars working on the "culture industry" thesis fully agreed with each other about the social role of media technologies (i.e. cinema and photography) available at the time.

false

True or false: The Enlightenment ideals of freedom and liberty grew to prominence simultaneously with the rejection and abolition of slavery.

false

True or false: The terms "culture industry" and "creative industries" both have a pessimistic take on the relations of cultural production under capitalism.

false

True or false: Totalitarianism is the best example for hegemonic rule.

false

FCC stands for:

federal communication commission

A man living in the Balkans may describe himself as a Yugoslavian, Bosnian, Muslim or European at different times. This exemplifies:

fluid/mutable character of identity

"Alliance building" and "articulation" are important components of the concept of ___________________

hegemony

Postcolonial studies is interested in: in the history of colonialism and its continuing influence today. only in the immediate aftermath of colonialism after the World War II.

in the history of colonialism and its continuing influence today

For Jürgen Habermas "public opinion" refers to: informed deliberation among citizens in a democracy the latest opinion poll results

informed deliberation among citizens in a democracy

National Association of Broadcasters: a) is a broadcasters' organization that self-regulate the industry b) is a government organization regulating media ownership C) is a lobby group in favor of public service broadcasting d) None

is a broadcasters' organization that self-regulate the industry

Which one below is not a book by Foucault? Mythologies History of Sexuality Madness and Civilization The Birth of the Clinic

mythologies

Media regulation today is largely done by ________________________.

nation states

The idea of ______________________ is frequently used by scholars who analyze power and surveillance on the Internet.

panopticon

The idea of ______________________ is used to analyze various forms of surveillance and control in modern societies.

panopticon

Based on the work of Judith Butler, the idea of _____________________ has been influential on theorists of gender and sex.

performativity

FCC is established in 1934 to represent _____________________

public interest

The term ____________________________ refers to an ideal space where all citizens, regardless of wealth and status, discuss issues of common concern with rational, critical debate.

public sphere

True or false : Jürgen Habermas examined the role of literary salons, learned societies, and coffee houses in his historical account of the emergence of the bourgeoisie public sphere.

true

True or false: "Panoptic" means "all-seeing" (pan = all; optic = seeing).

true

True or false: According to Foucault, power is not merely physical force but a pervasive human dynamic determining our relationships to others.

true

True or false: According to critical scholars, "race" did not have the same meaning in the 16th century that it has today.

true

True or false: According to traditional feminists, sex is a biological category; gender is a historical and social category.

true

True or false: Although making a distinction between sex and gender is very common, some scholars questioned and rejected this distinction.

true

True or false: Both concepts (ideology and hegemony) have been extensively used in media studies.

true

True or false: Critical theorists questioned the earlier formulations of the term "subject," particularly the way it was formulated by the Enlightenment thinker Immanuel Kant.

true

True or false: For some scholars, the concept of "ideology" is central in understanding identity formation.

true

True or false: Free speech scholars usually make a distinction between a negative (freedom from) and a positive (freedom to) sense of freedom.

true

True or false: Postcolonial critics are strongly influenced by Michel Foucault.

true

True or false: Postcolonial scholars are: influenced by Foucault's writings, critical of eurocentrism and interested in how neocolonialism works

true

True or false: Scholars focused on the social media, avatar research and other online platforms to analyze identity formation.

true

True or false: The concept of labor is central to Karl Marx's understanding of capitalism.

true

True or false: Theodor Adorno, who developed the concept of "culture industry," meant to convey a shock effect by combining the words "culture" and "industry."

true

True or false: a subtle process representing a specific interest as a general interest.

true

Broadcast media are:

wireless media

"Proletariat" and "bourgeoisie" are French terms for ___________ and ____________ respectively.

working class and capitalist

According to the Critical Theory book, is the written word a technology or not?

yes, a technology