Comm Final Section

The Toyota Prius is a hybrid in the automobile market. Toyota advertisers want the hybrid-lovers of America to invest in this brand of automobile. The action goal of persuasion in the advertising campaign is to obtain A) continuance. B) deterrence. C) discontinuance. D) agreement. E) adoption.

E) adoption

The number of possible interactions in a group with four people is A) 28. B) 9. C) 1056. D) 75. E) 2.

A) 28

Small group task-related purposes include A) catharsis. B) problem solving. C) socializing. D) learning. E) therapy.

B) problem solving

A logical appeal requires the ability to argue for your point of view. To accomplish this, you usually state A) a proposition and a deductive falsifier. B) a deductive reason and an inductive reason. C) a deductive falsifier and a justification. D) a proposition and a justification. E) a deductive proposition and an inductive proposition.

D) a proposition and a justification

According to communication researchers, the ideal group size involves how many members? A) 5 to 7 members B) 15 to 17 members C) 11 to 13 members D) 3 to 4 members E) 8 to 10 members

A) 5 to 7 members

Which of the following statements about interpersonal communication is most accurate? A) Interpersonal communication allows us to establish relationships. B) Interpersonal communication does not include communication between people involved in professional relationships. C) Interpersonal communication cannot happen in early stages of a relationship. D) Interpersonal communication is independent from intrapersonal communication. E) Interpersonal communication is an association between at least three people.

A) Interpersonal communication allows us to establish relationships

Which of the following situations would most likely call for laissez-faire leadership? A) a group conducting a study session B) a group that has elected their leader C) a committee that has appointed a chair D) a group that has an important deadline to meet E) a group that is experiencing a medical emergency

A) a group conducting a study session

The type of team responsible for an entire work process or part of a process that delivers a product or service is called A) a work team. B) a project team. C) a primary group. D) a focus group. E) an interdependence group.

A) a work team

When meeting with another student in order to complete a class project, Brian rarely talks. On the rare occasion when he does speak, he says statements such as, "I don't know anything," and "Whatever you decide is fine." According to Schutz's theory of needs, Brian is probably a(n) A) abdicrat. B) democrat. C) sociocrat. D) oversocial. E) autocrat.

A) abdicrat

A list of all topics to be discussed during a group meeting is referred to as a(n) A) agenda. B) outline. C) shortlist. D) "bullet" point list. E) group strategy.

A) agenda

One of the greatest weaknesses of beginning group participants is their tendency to A) arrive at meetings unprepared. B) criticize other group members. C) focus strictly on fulfilling self-centered roles in the group. D) arrive late to group meetings. E) focus strictly on fulfilling task-oriented roles in the group.

A) arrive at meetings unprepared

In the Johari Window model, the area that is known to others but not to ourselves is referred to as the A) blind area. B) unknown area. C) hidden area. D) open area. E) avoided area.

A) blind area

There are many reasons people decide to self-disclose to others. If you self-disclose to release tension or guilt, you are self-disclosing as a form of A) catharsis. B) relationship building. C) uncertainty reduction. D) self-presentation. E) social-presentation.

A) catharsis

Applying Dewey's "reflective thinking" to group problem-solving involves A) clearly identifying the problem you are trying to solve. B) confusing the causes of the problem with its symptoms. C) waiting for someone in the group to appoint himself or herself as the leader. D) suggesting solutions before fully analyzing the problem. E) phrasing the problem as a declarative statement to help guide the discussion.

A) clearly identifying the problem you are trying to solve

A speaker can enhance perceptions of his or her competence by A) demonstrating involvement. B) using at least one visual aid per main point. C) using other people's ideas and language. D) using a lot of humor. E) citing irrelevant research.

A) demonstrating involvement

Which of the following statements about conducting a small group meeting is most advisable? A) Establish an agenda. B) Allow the conversation to wander off the subject since group members may prefer to talk about different things. C) Invite everyone who might have an opinion on the subject being discussed. D) Try to get people to only comment when they are knowledgeable. E) Let people avoid participating in discussions.

A) establish an agenda

When deciding on the most effective size for a group, remember that A) larger groups reduce the time and amount of individual interaction. B) larger groups can limit the opportunity for aggressive members to assert their dominance. C) smaller groups reduce the time and amount of individual interaction. D) larger groups make it easier to follow a set agenda. E) smaller groups provide a greater opportunity for aggressive members to assert their dominance.

A) larger groups reduce the time and amount of individual interation

"Members will respect each other's rights to state an opinion" is an example A) interdependence. B) a norm. C) social facilitation. D) group personality. E) cohesiveness.

B) a norm

According to the text, there must be some difference between the speaker's view and that of the audience when the speaker's goal is A) deterrence. B) adoption. C) to entertain. D) avoidance. E) to inform.

B) adoption

Which of the following most closely approximates the definition of leadership? A) a cluster of traits B) behavior which is voluntarily accepted by group members and which helps to achieve group goals C) coercion which is applied only when it is absolutely necessary in order to move a group toward its goals D) influential behavior, involuntarily forced upon group members, but which moves the group toward its objectives E) behaviors enacted by an individual assigned to coordinate group activities

B) behavior which is voluntarily accepted by group members and which helps to achieve group goals

When we classify group leaders as being autocratic, democratic, or laissez- faire, we are describing group leaders according to A) their title or position. B) how much power they assign to the group members. C) their abilities to manage the group's finances. D) their relational skills. E) their analytical skills

B) how much power they assign to the group members

Two dimensions useful for understanding leadership behavior include A) initiating structure and flexibility. B) initiating structure and consideration. C) flexibility and consideration. D) autonomy and consideration. E) flexibility and autonomy.

B) initiating structure and consideration

Leaders must help address two sets of needs found in all groups, including A) task needs and cognitive needs. B) maintenance needs and task needs. C) cognitive needs and emotional needs. D) task needs and psychological needs. E) emotional needs and maintenance needs.

B) maintenance needs and task needs

Defining, studying, and solving a problem are all behaviors related to A) initiating needs. B) task needs. C) organization needs. D) facilitation needs. E) maintenance needs.

B) task needs

Seven people were brought together to help design a new academic building on your campus. Among the people were faculty, maintenance workers, students, audio-visual technicians, computer technicians, and even a representative from the Union catering service. Because of the diversity in their backgrounds, the people were highly interdependent on one another. The objective of the people was to design a building that would meet several needs for the campus. This collection of people exhibits characteristics of a A) social group. B) team. C) focus team. D) focus group. E) group.

B) team

The decision of whether or not to present both sides of an issue rests on A) the speaker's ability to use gestures. B) the audience's evaluation of the speaker's credibility. C) whether or not the audience is interested in the topic. D) the speaker's knowledge of the topic. E) the speaker's ability to use humor.

B) the audience's evaluation of the speaker's credibility

Which type of question leaves little room for discussion and can usually be answered through research? A) a question of deduction B) a question of value C) a question of fact D) a question of interpretation E) a question of policy

C) a question of fact

Which of the following groups is an example of a secondary group? A) co-workers sharing time off together B) families C) committees D) fraternities E) a group of long-time friends

C) committees

Secondary groups can focus on of problem-solving and A) information sharing. B) socialization. C) decision making. D) therapy. E) catharsis.

C) decision making

Perhaps the most essential characteristic of a small group is A) social facilitation. B) group culture. C) interdependence. D) norms. E) size.

C) interdependence

Research suggests that when a leader is in a group where members do not want or need a leader, the leadership style most likely to be used is A) individualistic. B) democratic. C) laissez-faire. D) motivational. E) autocratic.

C) laissez-faire

As self-disclosure increases in relationships, the largest area in Johari's window is the A) avoided area. B) hidden area. C) open area. D) blind area. E) unknown area.

C) open area.

Which of the following statements is the strongest reason why small group norms are formed? A) Norms develop in small groups to satisfy the individual goals of small group members. B) Small groups have norms because of expectations of other organizations. C) Small groups develop norms because the norms enable small group members to attain group goals and satisfy interpersonal needs. D) Small group norms develop to give members the opportunity to be independent while accomplishing a single task. E) Small groups form norms because society expects small groups to have identifying characteristics.

C) small groups develop norms because the norms enable small group members to attain group goals and satisfy interpersonal needs

Which statement accurately reflects the relationship between group size and group effectiveness? A) A group that is too large can limit the information and the ideas generated. B) As the number of participants increases, the potential for error and conflict decreases. C) The larger the group, the greater the variety of skills possessed by the members of the group. D) A group that is too small can limit the contributions that each person makes. E) As the number of participants decreases, the potential for error and conflict increases.

C) the larger the group, the greater the variety of skills possessed by the members of the group

Which of the following statements is a guideline for phrasing discussion questions in a group setting A) The wording should use emotional language. B) The wording should not focus attention on the real problem at hand. C) The wording should specify whose behavior is subject to change. D) The wording should suggest possible solutions. E) The wording should reflect the individual interests of each and every group member.

C) the wording should specify whose behavior is subject to change

After a problem is identified by the group, it should be stated in the form of a question. The type of question asking whether something is good or bad, desirable or undesirable, is called a question of A) policy B) analysis. C) value. D) fact. E) interpretation.

C) value

In his speech on the need to halt required recycling programs, John said, "Don't believe that jerk who told us we need required recycling. He is stupid, immature, and doesn't even have a clue about what is going on." What is the flaw most clearly evident in John's argument? A) red herring fallacy B) questionable cause C) ergo propter hoc D) ad hominem attack E) misuse of fact and opinion

D) ad hominem attack

Sean always has to run the show. He tries to dominate others, is willing to makes all of the decisions, and basically is more concerned about himself than others. Sean may be identified as a(n) A) democrat. B) bureaucrat. C) abdicrat. D) autocrat. E) sociocrat.

D) autocrat

Research on group leadership styles indicates that A) laissez-faire leaders generate more hostility and aggression among group members. B) the laissez-faire style is superior to the autocratic style. C) democratic leaders accomplish less and waste more time. D) autocratic leaders are likely to get more done. E) autocratic leaders produce more originality and individuality among group members.

D) autocratic leaders are more likely to get more done

The first step in group problem-solving and decision-making is to determine the problem or topic for discussion. The second step is to A) determine how to implement the solution. B) determine how the problem might have been avoided. C) determine additional problems. D) discuss the problem. E) determine the plan for carrying out the task or assignment.

D) discuss the problem

Effective leaders adopt a democratic style of leadership when A) the group is under time constraints, such as deadlines. B) group members are highly motivated to complete a task and have the expertise to accomplish the task. C) group members are not committed or are unwilling to accept responsibility for implementing a decision. D) group members are highly committed and willing to accept responsibility for implementing a decision. E) the group is experiencing an emergency.

D) group members are highly committed and willing to accept responsibility for implementing a decision

Which of the following is not a disadvantage of working in a small group? A) Groups often experience social loafing. B) In most groups, it is not possible for all group members to contribute fairly. C) pressure to fail D) Groups tend to be time efficient. E) Groups can become too cohesive.

D) groups tend to be time efficient

A leader of a group can be identified based on how he or she becomes the center of the group's attention, behaviors displayed, and A) his or her perspective on social orientation. B) how the individual votes. C) his or her perspective on task orientation. D) his or her position or title. E) how group members vote.

D) his or her position or title

Which of the following is a disadvantage to videoconferencing? A) It enables people in different locations to interact at one given time. B) It only allows people at different locations to hear one another. C) It prevents the interpretation of nonverbal behaviors. D) It is more vulnerable to extremely frustrating equipment failures. E) It is rarely useful for business meetings.

D) it is more vulnerable to extremely frustrating equipment failures

Group leaders who only get involved when called on and otherwise completely avoid participation are referred to as A) task-oriented leaders. B) autocratic leaders. C) democratic leaders. D) laissez-faire leaders. E) abdicratic leaders.

D) laissez-faire leaders

In general, research on leadership and gender differences suggests that A) men are not reacted to as positively or with the same high regard as women. B) both women and men seem to prefer having men in positions of authority C) when men serve as leaders, they tend to receive lower evaluations from both male and female subordinates than women do. D) men and women lead equally well. E) both women and men seem to prefer having women in positions of authority.

D) men and women lead equally well

One major advantage in using interactive computer conferencing over videoconferencing is the ability to A) use computers. B) use video cameras. C) use new equipment. D) reduce cost. E) reduce time.

D) reduce cost

During discussions in a small group working on solving campus security problems, Erica too often reveals information about her relationship with her boyfriend. This self-centered behavior is referred to as A) blocking. B) dominating. C) recognition-seeking. D) self-confessing. E) acting the buffoon.

D) self-confessing

Professor Lucas was responsible for organizing a group of students to study organizational communication at the university. Two of her students dislike each other. Given what you have read about leadership and participating in small groups, which of the following actions is most appropriate for Dr. Lucas to follow? A) She should distribute meeting agendas. B) She should support whichever of the two is the more valuable group member. C) She should support whichever of the two is doing the best in the class. D) She should take neither student's side in their personal dispute and instead emphasize the need for group members to cooperate so that they will be able to complete the study E) She should encourage group members to become sensitive to the types of information needed in order to conduct the study.

D) she should take neither student's side in their personal dispute and instead emphasize the need for group members to cooperate so that they will be able to complete the study

Charismatic speakers A) are always successful in their attempts to persuade their audiences. B) rely solely on humor instead of sound evidence. C) are relatively unconcerned with members of the audience. D) speak with energy and enthusiasm. E) are more interested in the topic than in their listeners.

D) speak with energy and enthusiasm

A group member whose role it is to determine how close the group is to reaching agreement is known as a(n) A) gatekeeper. B) evaluator. C) contributor D) tester of agreements. E) coordinator.

D) tester of agreements

The more a group acts or becomes like a team, A) the less likely they are to cooperate fully. B) the more likely they are to engage in conflict. C) the less likely they are to form a strong sense of identity. D) the more likely they are to form a close-knit relationship. E) the less likely it is that the group will be successful.

D) the more likely they are to form a close-knit relationship

The type of small group that allows us to change our behavior in some aspect of our lives is called A) catharsis. B) information sharing. C) intrapsychic interaction. D) therapy. E) socialization.

D) therapy

According to Wilmot and Hocker's perspective on conflict, when the group perceives resources as scarce, they will likely assume that A) the alternative solutions are limited. B) more information must be accumulated. C) someone else must make the decision. D) there are incompatible goals. E) the group cannot solve the problem.

D) there are incompatible goals

Which of the following is not one of Wilmot & Hocker's elements of conflict? A) scarce resources. B) interference from others in achieving goals. C) an expressed struggle. D) verbal aggressiveness. E) at least two interdependent parties.

D) verbal aggressiveness

Which of the following statements accurately reflects the differences between groups and teams? A) Teams involve common goals, whereas groups do not. B) Groups involve interaction, whereas teams do not. C) Groups are more likely to consist of people with diverse abilities. D) Groups usually develop more interdependence than teams. E) All teams consist of groups, but not all groups consist of teams.

E) all teams consist of groups, but not all groups consist of teams

When group members are not committed or are unwilling to accept responsibility for implementing a decision, effective leaders use which leadership style? A) a participatory style B) a laissez-faire style C) a democratic style D) a consideration style E) an autocratic style

E) an autocratic style

As a group leader, Bill tightly controls the discussion and determines who will speak to whom. This is an example of which type of leadership style? A) democratic B) provocative C) laissez-faire D) bureaucratic E) autocratic

E) autocratic

The technique used by groups to generate as many ideas as possible within a limited amount of time is called A) asking questions. B) listing. C) cross-indexing. D) personal inventory. E) brainstorming.

E) brainstorming

When the harmony of the group is seen as more important than new ideas and changing previous assumptions, that group has achieved A) interaction. B) facilitation. C) cohesiveness. D) interdependence. E) groupthink.

E) groupthink

If Kathy said that her campus organization had 72 members, her organization would fail to qualify as a "small group" according to which criterion? A) organization B) motivation C) goals D) perceptions E) interaction

E) interaction

In groups comprised of both women and men, which of the following statements about research findings pertaining to differences in the way women and men communicate is accurate? A) Women are more likely to dominate conversation. B) Women are more likely to offer negative responses to others' comments. C) Men tend to be more subjective in their comments. D) Women are more likely to be verbally aggressive in groups. E) Men are more likely to be goal-oriented.

E) men are more likely to be goal oriented

Which of the following ethical considerations is not recommended for group communication? A) Confidential information shared in the group should remain confidential. B) Group members must use information ethically. C) Members of a group should not deliberately deceive other group members. D) All group members should conduct themselves with honesty and integrity. E) Only those group members designated as leaders should state opinions in group meetings.

E) only those group members designated as leaders should state opinions in group meetings

One of the greatest anxieties group members face is A) being unable to communicate ethically in a group setting. B) arriving late for the first meeting. C) failing to make a good first impression. D) having to fulfill the role of secretary. E) presenting their ideas for the group's evaluation.

E) presenting their ideas for the group's evaluation

Our self-disclosure during interpersonal communication interactions typically encourages the other person to A) reveal their blind area. B) engage in small talk. C) engage in autocratic communication. D) strive for physiological needs. E) reciprocate our self-disclosure.

E) reciprocate our self-disclosure

The type of leader most likely to get task goals done, even in spite of group satisfaction, is a(n) ________ leader. A) maintenance B) autocratic C) laissez-faire D) democratic E) regulative

E) regulative

An intentional tactic where we reveal certain aspects of ourselves for specific reasons is called A) self-awareness. B) rhetorical sensitivity. C) self-actualization. D) social penetration. E) self-presentation.

E) self-presentation

Patricia approaches conflict by removing herself from the situation. In other words, Patricia illustrates what conflict management style? A) negotiation B) accommodating C) collaboration D) forcing E) withdrawing

E) withdrawing

Which statement best characterizes the stagnating stage of "coming apart?" A) During stagnation, both verbal and nonverbal communication tend to be thoroughly thought out. B) The stagnating stage involves a general tendency to talk about surface level topics so as to avoid conflict. C) The stagnating stage is the "elimination" stage of a relationship. D) Stagnating only occurs after differentiation. E) During stagnation, both partners act as if each is a mortal enemy.

A) during stagnation, both verbal and nonverbal communication tend to be thoroughly thought out

In Michelle's speech on the need to build a parking garage on campus, she said, "My roommate agrees that we need a parking garage, as does my biology partner. It is clear that students on this campus believe we need a parking garage." The flaw most clearly evident in Michelle's argument development is called A) hasty generalization. B) red herring fallacy. C) ad hominem attack. D) induction. E) questionable cause.

A) hasty generalization

You go to a party and notice that a group of your friends are sitting in the corner and talking. You go over to them and begin to enter the conversation. Which of Schutz's needs is being most clearly illustrated in this example? A) inclusion B) esteem C) actualization D) control E) affection

A) inclusion

"The desire to be expressive on the one hand and private on the other" illustrates which dialectical tension? A) openness-closedness B) stability-change C) novelty-predictability D) privilege-disadvantage E) connection-autonomy

A) openness-closedness

According to Schutz's FIRO theory, people who cannot stop themselves from getting involved and communicating with others are referred to as A) oversocial. B) underpersonal. C) personal. D) overpersonal. E) undersocial.

A) oversocial

The specific purpose of Tim's speech is "To persuade the audience that violence in television cartoons should be eliminated." Tim's speech centers on a question of A) policy. B) value. C) deterrence. D) attitude. E) fact.

A) policy

Greg and Jules manage the openness-closedness dialectic by sharing information about their mutual friends with each other, but not discussing past romantic encounters with each other. In other words, Greg and Jules are using which strategy to manage the openness-closedness dialectic? A) segmentation B) moderation C) reaffirmation D) denial E) reframing

A) segmentation

A casual conversation that is superficial, includes a greeting, and includes comments about a trivial event would be described as A) small talk. B) functional goals approach. C) abstract communication. D) semantic communication. E) intrapersonal communication.

A) small talk

According to uncertainty reduction theory, people decide whether or not to continue a potential relationship during which phase of initial interaction? A) the exit phase B) the initiating phase C) the intensifying phase D) the personal phase E) the entry phase

A) the exit phase

According to the text, relationships can be described in terms of A) the level of intimacy or kinship. B) the number of people involved. C) the types of activities people do for fun. D) the nonverbal behaviors used within the relationship. E) universal terms that span cultural contexts.

A) the level of intimacy or kinship

Conversations in the "experimenting" stage of "coming together" serve which of the following functions? A) They uncover similarities and interests that may lead to deeper conversation. B) They help us establish a contractual agreement for the relationship. C) They help us assess differences between ourselves and our partners. D) They help us determine whether or not we want to meet someone. E) They help hide any "skeletons in the closet" we might have from our relational partners.

A) they uncover similarities and interests that may lead to deeper conversation

"To persuade the audience that it is wrong for employers to use drug-testing to screen employees" is a persuasive purpose focused on a question of A) value. B) fact. C) deduction. D) policy. E) deterrence.

A) value

Questions such as "Who is the richest person in the world?" and "Which building is the tallest in the world?" reflect A) weak questions of fact for a persuasive speech. B) strong questions of value for a persuasive speech. C) weak questions of policy for a persuasive speech. D) strong questions of fact for a persuasive speech. E) weak questions of value for a persuasive speech.

A) weak questions of fact for a persuasive speech

Schutz's FIRO theory asserts that individuals respond differently to the notion of control. An individual who has his or her control needs filled and is comfortable as either a leader or follower is known as a(n) A) abdicrat. B) autocrat. C) democrat. D) sociocrat. E) plutocrat.

C) democrat

Which of the following stages is included in Knapp and Vangelisti's stages of "coming apart?" A) intrapsychic phase B) initiating C) differentiating D) intensifying E) experimenting

C) differentiating

"I'm a tender, loving human being." "If you don't vote for me, you shall die of a dreadful disease." "I have been married three times." "I didn't realize I was doing anything wrong." These statements are all examples of strategies which appeal to A) concepts. B) emotion. C) refutation. D) fear. E) reason.

B) emotion

Your text recommends some guidelines for appropriate self-disclosure. Which of the following is such a guideline? A) Self-disclose the same with everyone. B) Self-disclosure is a two-way process. C) Self-disclosure can always be made appropriate. D) Self-disclose completely. E) Self-disclose when it is only right for you.

B) Self-disclosure is a two-way process

Rhetorical sensitivity is an alternate form of communication that can be applied to a situation in which wide open disclosure could be harmful. Rhetorically-sensitive people A) try to be firm in their communication. B) accept personal complexity. C) make consistent language choices. D) communicate freely. E) maintain consistent values.

B) accept personal complexity

Relationships can provide several warning signs indicating trouble is looming around the corner. In general, the first warning sign is A) intrapsychic behavior. B) aggressive behavior. C) betrayal. D) lack of communication. E) lies.

B) aggressive behavior

Egan and Sara's relationship has greatly deteriorated. When they were last together they argued and Sara told Egan, "I really don't want to see you again!" Which stage best describes Egan and Sara's relationship? A) stagnating B) avoiding C) differentiating D) intensifying E) circumscribing

B) avoiding

The advantages to interacting with people online include the ability to A) use more humor than face-to-face conversations. B) choose the time and place of the contact. C) have more immediate conversations than face-to-face interactions. D) use emoticons. E) identify yourself.

B) choose the time and place of the contact

Which of the following statements best characterizes the experimenting phase of relationship development? A) A judgment is made on whether or not to continue developing the relationship. B) Conversation serves as an audition for the potential friend. C) a public pronouncement of the relationship D) The relationship is "seen" as something special or unique. E) the increased sharing of more personal information

B) conversation serves as an audition for the potential friend

In her speech on maintaining a nutritious diet, Robyn asks the audience to avoid the practice of going without breakfast in the morning. Which subgoal of persuasion is Robyn attempting to meet? A) adoption B) discontinuance C) deterrence D) continuance E) recurrence

B) discontinuance

According to Burleson and Samter, the ability to make another person feel good is known as a A) conversational skill. B) ego supportive skill. C) referential skill. D) comforting skill. E) persuasive skill.

B) ego supportive skill

Shelia and Bill have ended their two year relationship. Each is now circulating his or her own version of the events leading to their breakup, talking to friends and family about why their relationship dissolved. According to Duck, Shelia and Bill are experiencing which of the following stages? A) dyadic phase B) grave dressing phase C) circumscribing stage D) social phase E) intrapsychic phase

B) grave dressing phase

Schutz's FIRO theory consists of three factors that relate to interpersonal communication. These are affection, inclusion, and control. An individual who feels an insignificant need for ________ is described as ________. A) affection; undersocial B) inclusion; undersocial C) control; abdicrat D) control; underpersonal E) affection; underpersonal

B) inclusion; undersocial

Men's defensive strategies for reducing embarrassment and maintaining privacy boundaries include A) apologizing for inconveniences. B) laughing at their own behavior. C) blaming the incident on other friends. D) facing the situation. E) accepting responsibility for their mistakes.

B) laughing at their own behavior

Which of the following main points from a speech of policy reflects the clearest example of suitability? A) Airline disasters have generally been caused by human error. B) Laws and education are the best solutions to right-wing extremism. C) Extremist groups violate the American ideals of equality and tolerance. D) We must enact a two-fold solution to right-wing extremism. E) Airline disasters have killed thousands over the last 20 years.

B) laws and education are the best solutions to right-wing extremism

A speech that asks if something should or should not be done centers around a question of A) fact. B) policy. C) continuance. D) issue. E) value.

B) policy

What type of group focuses on social and interpersonal relationships and exists to satisfy needs for inclusion and affection? A) problem-solving groups B) primary groups C) decision-making groups D) secondary groups E) committees

B) primary groups

According to Duck's relationship dissolution stages, which stage is the one where the difficulties in the relationship become apparent to family and friends? A) familial phase B) social phase C) intrapsychic phase D) dyadic phase E) grave-dressing phase

B) social phase

When Mark met Erin for the first time, he found himself asking Erin a ton of questions so that he could ease his anxiety about her and get to know her better. Which theory best explains Mark's behavior? A) dialectical theory B) uncertainty reduction theory C) predicted outcome value theory D) social construction theory E) social exchange theory

B) uncertainty reduction theory

Women's defensive strategies for reducing embarrassment and maintaining privacy boundaries include A) laughing at themselves. B) questioning the situation. C) criticizing themselves. D) retreating from the situation. E) redefining what happened.

C) criticizing themselves

The problem-solution pattern typically includes which of the following elements? A) a description of how things might be arranged B) suggestions of causes and effects C) a description of how the best plan can be implemented D) a description of how to complete the process E) several subtopics breaking down the main topic of the speech

C) a description of how the best plan can be implemented

According to intercultural communication scholars, which nation tends to have an individualistic orientation? A) Japan B) Panama C) Australia D) Columbia E) Pakistan

C) australia

Brian and Beth have been dating for some time. However, the nature and seriousness of their relationship is ambiguous to most of their friends. To "announce" that they are a serious couple, Brian and Beth invite their closest friends over for wine and cheese. What stage in Knapp and Vangelisti's model are Brian and Beth entering? A) intensifying B) integrating C) bonding D) stagnating E) differentiating

C) bonding

Amanda likes spending time with her family on Friday nights, yet she also wants to attend a graduation party and spend time with her friends. Amanda is experiencing which of the following dialectical tensions with her family? A) presence-absence B) novelty-predictability C) connection-autonomy D) stability-change E) openness-closedness

C) connection-autonomy

Another word for "tensions" in Baxter and Montgomery's dialectical theory is A) problems. B) similarities. C) contradictions. D) challenges. E) disclosures.

C) contradiction

Which of the following steps is not included in Monroe's motivated sequence pattern? A) visualization B) need C) evaluation D) attention E) action

C) evaluation

The visualization step in the motivated sequence pattern of organization A) provides the details of the solution which will solve the problem. B) presents an example of the problem. C) explains how the solution relates to the audience's needs and will solve the problem. D) describes the ways in which the audience can take part in a commitment to implement the proposed solution E) explains how the problem relates to the audience's concerns and interests.

C) explains how the solution relates to the audience's needs and will solve the problem

Guidelines for appropriate self-disclosure include which of the following? A) If one person increases self-disclosure, the other person should not increase self-disclosure. B) It is important to provide a large amount of self-disclosure when you first meet someone. C) In some situations, it is reasonable not to reveal certain aspects of your past. D) Avoid being overly positive in your self-disclosure. E) Avoid permitting the situation to constrain your self-disclosure.

C) in some situations, it is reasonable not to reveal certain aspects of your past

When you develop an argument which progresses from a series of related facts to a general conclusion, you are engaging in A) reasoning by metaphor. B) deductive reasoning. C) inductive reasoning. D) causal reasoning. E) reasoning by analogy.

C) inductive reasoning

Lindsey and Mark's relationship has developed to a point where they now are sharing confidences and have increased their involvement in the relationship. Both have told each other "I love you." Which stage of "coming together" most accurately reflects the stage that Mark and Lindsey are experiencing? A) bonding B) integrating C) intensifying D) initiating E) experimenting

C) intensifying

Conflict often stems from which of the following factors? A) time constraints, financial constraints, and excessive resources B) financial constraints, open communication, and verbal aggressiveness C) personal characteristics, faulty attributions, and ineffective communication D) ineffective communication, incompatible goals, and independent behavior E) genetic factors, environmental factors, and familial factors

C) personal characteristics, faulty attributions, and ineffective communication

Which of the following is not an action goal of persuasion? A) discontinuance B) deterrence C) recurrence D) adoption E) continuance

C) recurrence

Which of the following is a strategy for managing dialectical tensions? A) mediation B) understanding C) selection D) disassociation E) framing

C) selection

Issues such as where to place blame, how to explain what has happened, and who should be sought out for support are all part of the ________ phase of dissolution. A) intrapsychic B) dyadic C) social D) grave-dressing E) circumscribing

C) social

According to McCroskey and McCain, the three types of interpersonal attraction are A) situational attraction, social attraction, and personal attraction. B) physical attraction, personal attraction, and contextual attraction. C) social attraction, physical attraction, and task attraction. D) task attraction, conflict attraction, and communication attraction. E) psychological attraction, physical attraction, and task attraction.

C) social attraction, physical attraction, and task attraction

The theory which provides a description of the way people move through superficial levels of small talk to more intimate and revealing talk, is called A) disclosive layer theory. B) communication apprehension. C) social penetration theory. D) rhetorical sensitivity theory. E) Johari window theory.

C) social penetration theory

People have different motivations for forming relationships. One reason for forming relationships is to reduce our ________ about that person. A) intrapersonal communication B) certainty C) uncertainty D) perception E) emotional orientation

C) uncertainty

The key to attaining credibility is to establish A) ethics, evidence, and enthusiasm. B) warmth, commitment, and delivery. C) values, commitment, and clarity. D) competence, character, and charisma. E) integrity, honesty, and dynamics.

D) competence, character, and charisma

Which of the following statements about conflict is accurate? A) Once conflict starts, relationships typically end in termination. B) Some relationships are without conflict. C) Conflict does not result in stronger relationships. D) Conflict is inevitable in relationships. E) Conflict should be avoided in relationships.

D) conflict is inevitable in relationships

If a speaker says, "Our landfills are overflowing because we do not have a required community recycling program," the speaker is using A) warrant reasoning. B) deductive reasoning. C) reasoning by analogy. D) causal reasoning. E) inductive reasoning.

D) casual reasoning

Betsy and Shane have been dating for several years. However, over the past few months they have not been communicating with each as often as before, and their interactions have taken on a superficial tone. They are probably at which of Knapp's coming apart stages? A) intensifying B) differentiating C) stagnating D) circumscribing E) avoiding

D) circumscribing

When making an argument, the statement indicating what the speaker hopes will be believed is called a(n) A) warrant. B) data. C) argument. D) claim. E) assertion.

D) claim

Toulmin's model of everyday argument includes which of the following elements? A) logical fallacies, humor, and warrants B) data, warrants, and evidence C) logical fallacies, data, and warrants D) claims, data, and warrants E) claims, logical fallacies, and data

D) claims, data, and warrants

During the Congressional campaign, each of the campaign volunteers worked hard to complete his/her respective tasks in order to satisfy the other group members. This example best illustrates A) input. B) responsiveness. C) interdependence. D) commitment. E) norms.

D) commitment

The main elements contributing to the character of a speaker are trustworthiness and A) flexibility. B) reasoning. C) delivery. D) ethics. E) eye contact.

D) ethics

Which of the following statements about conflict is accurate? A) Conflict occurs when one individual perceives incompatible goals. B) Many relationships have no conflict. C) In conflict, individuals emphasize emotions, leading to the dissolution of the relationship. D) In conflict, two individuals perceive that they cannot achieve their individual goals without one or both losing something. E) With training, conflict can be eliminated from your relationships.

D) in conflict, two individuals perceive that they cannot achieve their individual goals without one or both losing something

Jeremy and Jody have been dating each other for a couple of years. They have been seen on campus wearing matching sweatshirts. Jeremy and Jody also borrow personal items from one another, carry photographs of one another in their wallets, and are planning to pool their money to purchase a computer they will share. They are most likely at which stage of Knapp's relationship stages? A) circumscribing B) initiating C) intensifying D) integrating E) experimenting

D) integrating

Caleb and Cassandra have dated for six months. During that time they have increasingly shared more personal and private information about each other and their families. Which stage best characterizes their relationship? A) circumscribing B) integrating C) bonding D) intensifying E) experimenting

D) intensifying

Which of the following statements accurately reflects interpersonal communication? A) Interpersonal communication occurs only in relational contexts. B) Interpersonal communication occurs primarily at the beginning stages of relationship development. C) Interpersonal communication includes public speaking. D) Interpersonal communication occurs when the people involved treat each other as unique individuals. E) Interpersonal communication requires at least three people.

D) interpersonal communication occurs when the people involved treat each other as unique individuals

Small talk is important because it can serve as an interpersonal buffer, a safe way for others to get to know us, and a way to A) end relationships. B) persuade others. C) prolong interactions. D) maintain a sense of community with others. E) self-disclose.

D) maintain a sense of community with others

14) When discussing questions of policy, persuasive speakers usually focus on A) beliefs about right and wrong, resources, and suitability. B) emotional appeals, warrants, and needs. C) need, resources, and suitability. D) need, plan, and suitability. E) need, warrants, and suitability.

D) need, plan, and suitability

When selecting a topic for a persuasive speech, you can increase your likelihood of success if you A) select a subject that is of little concern to your audience. B) select a topic that you're interested in, but know relatively little about. C) verbally attack your opponent's position on the topic. D) select a topic with a goal for influence or action. E) select a topic that your audience is strongly opposed to.

D) select a topic that your audience is strongly opposed to

Jill looks forward to the morning coffee-break at the office. It makes her feel better and helps her get to know her co-workers. The purpose of this small group activity is best described as A) a task. B) therapy. C) catharsis. D) socialization. E) learning.

D) socialization

Karen goes online and enters a chat room to discuss a recent movie she has seen. Karen, who is normally a shy person, goes to this chat room frequently to discuss her opinions on various matters. What feature of online communication most likely enables Karen to overcome her shyness? A) choice of timing B) possibility to arrange real-life meetings C) choice of place D) face-to-face capability E) anonymity

E) anonymity

The relationship stage in which individuals avoid discussing areas of differences is called A) analysis. B) avoiding. C) stagnating. D) differentiating. E) circumscribing.

E) circumscribing

Which of the following statements could be considered self-disclosure? A) I am wearing blue jeans. B) I have blonde hair. C) I am five feet, eight inches tall. D) I am male. E) I really enjoy romantic comedies.

E) I really enjoy romantic comedies

According to Toulmin's model of everyday argument, listeners can respond to the claims advanced by a speaker in which of the following ways? A) The can reject the claim based on the amount of humor used in the speech. B) They can accept the claim based on the organizational structure of the argument. C) They can reject the speaker's claims based on the internal summaries used in the speech. D) They can accept or reject the claim according to their evaluation of the speaker's charisma. E) They can accept the speaker's claims at face value.

E) They can accept the speaker's claims at face value

In his campaign to secure the Republican presidential nomination, John McCain needed to aim his speeches at persuading the audience that he was the best candidate. His action goal, therefore, was A) agreeing. B) emotional. C) cognitive. D) deterrence. E) adoption.

E) adoption

According to Schutz's FIRO theory, A) we seek those relationships we predict will have positive outcomes. B) we each weigh rewards and costs when deciding whether or not to stay in a relationship. C) all of us experience tension and contradiction in our relationships with others. D) we ask questions during initial interactions in order to reduce uncertainty about others. E) almost all of us have some need to control others and our surroundings.

E) almost all of us have some need to control others and our surroundings

Which of the following statements is true about questions of value speeches? A) Questions of value are about biblical references. B) Effective speakers base their answers to questions of value on their personal opinion. C) Questions of value are usually straightforward to answer. D) A speaker must address the need, plan, and suitability of his/her position when answering a question of value. E) Effective speakers should justify their answer to a question of value, using research and evidence to build a strong case.

E) effective speakers should justify their answer to a question of value, using research and evidence to build a strong case

Becky and Chris have dated only three times. Their conversations focus mainly on similarities and interests between them. Which stage best characterizes their relationship? A) differentiating B) intensifying C) initiating D) integrating E) experimenting

E) experimenting

Lately, Sean and Melanie's relational problems have been the subject of discussions among their family and friends. Both Sean and Melanie have been considering the opinions and feelings that family and friends have shared about their relational difficulties. According to communication theorist Steve Duck, Sean and Melanie are in the A) intrapsychic phase. B) differentiating stage. C) dyadic phase. D) social phase. E) grave dressing phase.

E) grave dressing phase

According to social psychologist Paul Paulus, people join groups for which of the following reasons? A) Group memberships restrict the overwhelming amount of information individuals already have access to. B) Group membership is necessary in order for adult learning to occur. C) Group membership is required for successful interpersonal relationships. D) Group memberships are a natural extension of family relationships. E) Group membership helps meet the need for security.

E) group memberships helps meet the need for security

Holly recently joined a new group on campus. She hopes the other group members will accept her as a significant and worthwhile member of the group. Holly's desire is likely motivated by a need for A) control. B) actualization. C) esteem. D) affection. E) inclusion.

E) inclusion

The question of whether or not each person must depend on the others for his or her efforts to be successful addresses which quality of groups? A) goals B) motivation C) organization D) interaction E) interdependence

E) interdependence

There are several reasons why one individual might have an interpersonal interest in another person. According to the textbook, one reason is the desire to interact with someone based on a variety of factors including physical attractiveness, personality, rewards, proximity or similarity. These characteristics generally describe the concept of A) intensifying. B) initiating. C) physical attributes. D) need to associate. E) interpersonal attraction.

E) interpersonal attraction

Which of the following skills are necessary for effective group communication to occur? A) performance skills B) intercultural communication skills C) mathematical skills D) meeting management skills E) interviewing skills

E) interviewing skills

Which of the following is not a defining quality of a coherent group? A) interaction B) importance C) goals D) similarity E) money

E) money