Communications Final

T/F: the ad hominem fallacy forces listeners to choose between two alternatives when more than two alternatives exist

False

T/F: the introduction of a speech usually should be prepared before the body of the speech

False

T/F: the main purpose of a speech of presentation is to provide a long detailed biography of the speaker being presented to the audience

False

T/F: the purpose of the speech of introduction is to honor a person receiving an award or recognition

False

T/F: the second step in Monroe's Motivated Sequence is to gain the attention of your audience

False

T/F: this speaking outline is a more complex version of the preparation outline

False

T/F: vocalized pauses are an effective way to increase a speaker's credibility

False

Detail the difference between hearing and listening. What is critical listening?

Hearing = the vibrations in your eardrum Listening =. retaining and understanding the information you hear Critical listening = listening to think about the information that you are being told and deciding whether to accept or reject it.

T/F: "Ask not of what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country" is an example of antithesis

True

T/F: "History is a drama with many acts" is an example of metaphor

True

T/F: Credibility is the audience's perception of whether a speaker is qualified to speak on a certain subject

True

T/F: If you can't identify the author of a document on the web, you should try to determine the sponsoring organization for the document

True

T/F: Setting the agenda for each meeting is an example of a procedural need in a small group

True

T/F: The burden of proof rests with the persuasive speaker who advocates change

True

T/F: The conclusion of Rev Martin Luther King's "I Have a Dream" speech is a good example of a crescendo ending

True

T/F: a "rhetorical question" is a question that the audience answers mentally rather than out loud

True

T/F: a hypothetical example describes an imaginary or fictitious situation

True

T/F: a visual aid is only as useful as the explanation that goes with it

True

T/F: collecting information as an example of a task need in a small group

True

T/F: effective and critical listening is vital to communication in small group discussions

True

T/F: in most cases, you should round off statistics when presenting them in a speech

True

T/F: informative speeches about processes are usually arranged in chronological order

True

T/F: questions of policy inevitably incorporate questions of fact

True

T/F: research has shown that visual aids can increase the audience's retention of a speaker's message

True

T/F: the bandwagon fallacy assumes that because something is popular, it is therefore good, correct, or desirable

True

T/F: the basic purpose of an acceptance speech is to say "thank you" for an award or honor

True

T/F: the fourth step in Monroe's Motivated Sequence is to visualize how much better things will be if the speaker's plan is adopted

True

T/F: the red herring fallacy refers to statements that introduce an irrelevant issue to divert attention from the subject under discussion

True

T/F: using visual aids is an acceptable method of gaining attention in the introduction of a speech

True

T/F: you should start to establish eye contact with the audience even before you begin to speak

True

T/F: you should try to keep your speaking outline as brief as possible

True

Persuasive speeches on questions of _______ argue for or against particular courses of action. a) need b) value c) policy d) fact e) planning

c) policy

"Government of the people, by the people, for the people" is an example of: a) alliteration b) parallelism c) repetition d) all of these e) non of these

c) repetition

(FIB) The 3 basic issues of persuasive speeches on questions of policy are?

need, plan, practicality

Communication based on a person's voice and body, rather than on the use of words, is called ________ communication

non-verbal

A ________ outline should be kept as brief as possible.

speaking

T/F: it is seldom necessary to name the people you quote or paraphrase in a speech

False

T/F: one function of a speech conclusion is to establish the credibility of the speaker

False

List and explain the 4 types of listening.

1) Appreciative 2) Empathetic 3) Comprehensive 4) Critical

List and explain the three main objectives of a speech introduction.

1) gain attention of your audience by having an interesting introduction (attention getter) 2) establish credibility of your topic so your audience knows you are qualified to discuss the topic 3) state main point of your speech so that the audience is clear about what they are going to be listening to

Name and describe at least 3 of the "tools" you can use to create vocal color or vocal variety in a speech.

1) inflection; when the pitch of your voice fluctuates with what you are saying 2) pauses; brief breaks in speech 3) changed in the volume of your voice; which is changing how loudly or quietly your voice is perceived to create vocal variety

T/F: "His smile flashed on and off like a neon sign" is an example of alliteration

False

T/F: A speech accepting an award or honor is an example of a commemorative speech

False

T/F: a lawyer urging a jury to acquit the defendant is an example of informative public speaking

False

T/F: a persuasive speech on a question of fact is essentially the same as an informative speech

False

T/F: a speaker should usually use a faster rate when the speaker is explaining complex information

False

T/F: concentrating on a target audience means that a persuasive speaker can ignore everyone else who is listening

False

T/F: frequent gestures during a speech are a sure sign of an effective speaker

False

________ refers to the speed at which a person speaks.

Rate

According to your text, emotional appeal is inappropriate in a persuasive speech on a question of a) fact b) ethics c) practicality d) value e) policy

a) fact

Beth is the only member of her small group with professional experience on their subject. Her group naturally looks to her to guide the project. What kind of leader is Beth? a) implied leader b) maintenance leader c) designated leader d) task leader e) emergent leader

a) implied leader

Giving excessive attention to details of a speech is an example of: a) listening too hard b) giving into distractions c) listening for technique d) jumping to conclusions e) focusing on delivery

a) listening too hard

A(n) ____________ is essentially a conversation between group members in front of an audience a) panel discussion b) oral report c) convocation d) symposium e) open forum

a) panel discussion

In a sense, defining the problem for a problem-solving small group discussion is like choosing the ________ for a speech. a) specific purpose b) rhetorical question c) central idea d) main points e) general purpose

a) specific purpose

Sloppy ________ is the failure to form particular speech sounds crisply and with distinction.

articulation

According to the text, the fundamental purpose of a commemorative speech is to: a) inform b) exhort c) inspire d) convert e) entertain

c) inspire

Tony is enjoying Bob Dylan's music at a concert at the Cintas Center. Tony is engaged in ________ listening. a) critical b) appreciative c) empathetic d) comprehensive e) intimate

b) appreciative

As your textbook explains, a decision that is acceptable to all members of a small group is called a ________ decision. a) prudent b) consensus c) deliberate d) compromise e) judicious

b) consensus

A comedian's stand-up monologue is best thought of as a kind of speech to ____________ a) inform b) entertain c) persuade d) commemorate e) eulogize

b) entertain

Everything a speaker says is filtered through the listener's a) credibility b) frame of reference c) feedback d) personal screen e) psychological field

b) frame of reference

A public speaker who frequently says "uh", "er", "um", "ya' know" or "know what I mean" is failing to make effective use of a) vocal variety b) pauses c) pitch d) rate e) inflection

b) pauses

Which of the following is an example of a commemorative speech? a) Dr. Martin Luther King's "I Have a Dream" speech b) JFK's Inaugural address c) Abe Lincoln's Gettysburg address d) FDR's "Day of Infamy" speech e) Richard Nixon's resignation speech

c) Abe Lincoln's Gettysburg address

If you attended the annual Academy Awards, and hears the following speeches, which one is an example of a commemorative speech? a) a speech accepting the "Best Actor" Oscar b) a speech explaining the history of the Oscar statue c) a speech honoring Jack Nicholson for his lifetime achievements d) a speech detailing the balloting system and security measures e) a "thank you" speech by the "Best Director" Oscar winner

c) a speech honoring Jack Nicholson for his lifetime achievements

Phrases such as "dry as a bone", "sharp as a tack", and "dark as night" should be avoided in speeches because they are a) similes b) alliteration c) clichés d) redundant e) inclusive

c) clichés

"To persuade my audience that birds evolved from dinosaurs" is a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on a question of ________ a) policy b) value c) fact d) opinion e) research

c) fact

"To persuade an audience that it is unethical for journalists to invade people's private lives" is a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on a question of a) fact b) attitude c) value d) policy e) opinion

c) value

Changes in a speakers rate, pitch, volume, and pauses are referred to as a) vocal direction b) vocal credibility c) vocal variety d) vocal contact e) vocal pronunciation

c) vocal variety

Lucas says "uh", "er", "um" or expressions like "ya know" in a public speech are referred to as: a) vocal fillers b) signposts c) vocalized pauses d) intonation e) inflections

c) vocalized pauses

The ________ of a speech reinforces or sums up what a speaker set out to accomplish in the speech.

conclusion

One function of a speech introduction is to establish the ________ of the speaker

credibility

Listening to evaluate a message for purposes of accepting or rejecting it is known as _______ listening.

critical

The credibility of a speaker at the end of a speech is called ________ credibility. a) medial b) derived c) condescending d) terminal e) acquired

d) terminal

__________ are especially useful for showing an audience statistical trends and patterns. a) Models b) Diagrams c) Blueprints d) Graphs e) Transparencies

d) Graphs

Which of the following is an example of persuasive speaking? a) a US president praising people in military service b) a history professor lecturing on the Civil War c) a judge explaining the rules of evidence to a jury d) a develoer urging a city council to expand the convention center e) a geneticist reporting her research at a professional meeting

d) a develoer urging a city council to expand the convention center

Which of the following is an example of informative speaking? a) a pastor asking for donations to a building fund b) a lawyer appealing jurors not to convict her client c) students urging an instructor to change an assignment due date d) a social worker explaining adoption laws to potential parents e) a state senator exhorting colleagues to pass a Bill

d) a social worker explaining adoption laws to potential parents

Which of the following is a speech of presentation? a) a speech presenting a new reporter to a TV newsroom staff b) a speech presenting reasons why a new school needs to be built c) a speech introducing a Nobel Prize winner for a lecture d) a speech presenting a certificate of recognition to the "Employee of the Month" e) a speech presenting and annual earnings report to stockholders

d) a speech presenting a certificate of recognition to the "Employee of the Month"

Which of the following is a "demographic" characteristic? a) interest b) size c) attitude d) age e) knowledge

d) age

In public speaking, the use of language should be useful to: a) the audience b) the occasion c) the speaker d) all of these e) non of these

d) all of these

The ad hominem fallacy a) assumes that complex events only have a single cause b) assumes that because something is popular, it is therefore correct c) forces listeners to choose between just two alternatives when more than two exist d) attacks the person rather than dealing with the real issue e) is none of these

d) attacks the person rather than dealing with the real issue

At which of the following would you be most likely to hear a persuasive speech on a question of fact? a) church service b) awards ceremony c) political convention d) jury trial e) retirement banquet

d) jury trial

When giving a persuasive speech to an audience that opposes your point of view, it is especially important that you use _______ to answer their objections to your views. a) visual aids b) syllogisms c) credibility statements d) emotional appeals e) evidence

e) evidence

It is the ________ of your voice that reveals whether you are asking a question or making a statement, whether you are being sincere or sarcastic. a) spontaneity b) variety c) resonance d) rate e) inflection

e) inflection

The connotative meaning of a word is: a) its dictionary definition b) determined by the speaker c) concrete and precise d) abstracts and broad e) what the word suggests or implies

e) what the word suggests or implies

(FIB) When used in a persuasive speech, supporting material such as examples, statistics, and testimony are referred to as _________

evidence

If you quoted George Lucas on the use of special effects in films, you would be using ________ testimony.

expert

(FIB) The 3 kinds of questions that give rise to persuasive speeches are questions of?

fact, value, policy

T/F: establishing common ground with an audience is not an important in a persuasive speech

false

T/F: listening is a passive process while critical thinking is an active process

false

T/F: reasoning is the process of drawing a conclusion based on speculation

false

________ lets you know how your message is being received by your audience.

feedback

________ plagiarism occurs when a speaker steals a speech entirely from another source and passes it off as his or her own

global

A ________ is usually the best kind of visual aid for clarifying statistics.

graph

A speech delivered without any immediate preparation is called a(n) ________ speech.

impromptu

Someone entering a room during a speech, or noise outside from a lawnmower are examples of ________ for a speaker and the audience.

interference

A detailed outline for the planning stage of a speech is called a ________ outline

preparation

________ is the ability to say a word as indicated in a dictionary.

pronunciation

T/F: A simile is a figurative comparison that always contains the word like or as

true

T/F: the denotative meaning of a word is its literal or dictionary meaning

true

T/F: the strongest source of emotional appeal in a persuasive speech is the sincerity and conviction of the speaker

true

T/F: you can articulate a word sharply and still mispronounce it

true