COMMUNICATIONS TEST 1

which of the following is a metacommunication you might share with your academic adviser if you were thinking about dropping a course

"I don't understand the instructor's thick accent"

which of the following expressions best describes the idea of empathy?

"Put yourself in my shoes"

which of the following are examples of language that is used to motivate action?

a slogan persuasion

which of the following describes a word or phrase that was novel at one time but has lost its effect because of overuse?

cliche

if both an acquaintance and your best friend do you an unexpected favor, you might view their motives different because you are using the ____ of the relationship to interpret behavior

closeness

nonverbal communication

conveys meaning without the use of words

which of the following describes the language variations shared by people of a certain region or social class?

dialect

the difference between masculine and feminine cultures is the degree to which a culture

differentiates sex-specific roles

high- and low-context cultures differ in the

directness of their language

understanding that being different does not make another culture wrong is one way to resist

ethnocentrism

a vague, mild expression that substitutes for something that is harsher or more blunt is known as a(n)

euphemism

affectionate touch includes which of the following behaviors?

hugging kissing hand holding

every culture has its own symbols that stand for _____ that are important in that culture

ideas

which of the following are part of the stereotyping process?

identifying someone as a member of a group applying a generalization to a person recalling a generalization about a group

one of the functions of nonverbal communication is forming

impressions

which of the following are true about language?

it has layers of meaning it is symbolic it is usually arbitrary it is governed by rules

which of the following refers to defamatory statements made in print or some other fixed medium, such as photograph?

libel

according to psychologist Dan McAdams, the way you present yourself to others that is based on your self-concept and is also influence by other people is developed from your

life story

which of the following describes the principle that people see the world differently depending on which language they speak?

linguistic relativity

the ____ meaning of a word is known as its denotative meaning

literal

which of the following are the important dimensions of attributions?

locus controllability stability

which of the following would be values in collectivistic cultures?

low comfort level with public speaking blending in

the belief that no one is inherently better than anyone else is an example of a ______ culture

low-power-distance

being aware of how behaviors and ways of thinking differ between cultures is called

mindfulness

Swiss, German, and U.S. societies are examples of ______ cultures, which view time as valuable

monochronic

a ____ orientation toward time treats time as a valuable commodity, as in "Time is money."

monochronic

viewing time as a commodity is characteristic of a ____ culture

monochronic

viewing time as a commodity is characteristic of a ______ culture

monochronic

learning about the influences of culture and questioning our cultural assumptions can make us

more competent communicators

which of the following statements about nonverbal communication is not correct?

nonverbal communication is secondary to verbal communication in expressing emotion

which of the following are characteristics of feedback?

nonverbal reactions and verbal responses

the rules or expectations that guide people's behavior in a culture are known as

norms

which of the following are often adopted by co-cultures to distinguish their members from outsiders?

norms, values, and language

it is often difficult for people to judge themselves

objectively

the second stop of the perception process is

organization

culture may be associated with any of the following, but it is specifically a property of

people

which of the following statements is true concerning relationships in a high-power-distance culture?

people feel pressure to choose friends and mates from within their own class

In a study of people who use cell pones, which of the following were results associated with increased cell-phone usage?

people felt that work intruded more on a family life people found that their family lives were less satisfying

communicating appropriately can be especially challenging when interacting with

people from other cultures

which of the following are true in a collectivistic culture?

people learn that they have a primary responsibility to their family, employers, and communities

Research has shown that people with strong ties to family and friends are LESS likely to suffer from which of the following?

premature death, mental illness, and high blood pressure

which of the following describes language that is considered vulgar, rude, or obscene in the context in which it is used?

profanity

communicating to an audience that is larger than a small group, such as at a graduation ceremony, is called ____ communication

public

which of the following are concrete words?

puppy and dog

which of the following are examples of aggressive touch?

pushing slapping kicking

our minds usually select, organize, and interpret perceptual information _______ and subconsciously

quickly

which of the following are examples of mass communication?

radio call-in show blogs newspaper op-ed piece

some social groups have recognized that they can ____ of certain profane terms by using the terms themselves, or reclaiming the terms

reduce the negative effects

which of the following are two of the most common attribution errors?

self-serving bias fundamental attribution error

perception begins with a(n) ____ experience

sensory

selection is ____ in the process of perception

the first stage

individual choice, democracy, and material comfort are all cultural _____ of the U.S.

values

which of the following are good ways to use communication to establish and maintain relationships?

volunteering at a soup kitchen inviting your child's friends to a birthday party signing up with the neighborhood watch group

according to communication accommodation theory, which of the following is true regarding the relationship between dialect and responsibility?

when we speak to an audience with a different dialect, they may view us as outsiders and therefore question our credibility we gain credibility with our audience when we speak to them in a familiar dialect

which of the following are symbols that fit in the definition of language?

words

which of the following are symbols that fit the definition of language?

words

which of the following statements are true about language?

words represent objects language is symbolic

Rank the relative complexity of the three communication models, with the simplest at the top and the most complex at the bottom

1. action 2. interaction 3. transaction

according to a 2013 survey of US college students, about ______% said they believe people can be spiritual without being religious

70

which of the following have highly individualistic cultures?

Canada Great Britain Australia

what are the three most commonly spoken languages in the world today?

Chinese, English, and Spanish

Match each communication rule on the right with the type of rule it is on the left

Implicit: not cutting in front of the person ahead of you in the checkout lane at a grocery store ignoring incoming text messages when engaging in face-to-face conversation Explicit: university police against hate speech directing a "shushing" sound toward someone to request that he or she be quiet

which of the following best exemplifies uncertainty avoidance?

Mahnoosh declines a dinner invitation at a Korean restaurant because he has never eaten Korean food before

When Same got up in the morning, he took a shower, chatted with his wife and kids at breakfast, and then went to work. At work, he asked a colleague to review a proposal, confirmed a lunch date with a friends, and wrote a memo to justify his request for a raise. Which of the following statements best describes this account?

Sam mostly addresses his instrumental needs

why did the officer presume the guilt of 14-year-old Santiago Ventura

Ventura answered "yes" to all of the officer's questions

in what type of culture do people tend to value nurturing behavior, quality of life, and service to others?

a highly feminine culture

according to research, the single most important predictor of happiness in life is

a successful marriage

in general, vocal cues provide us with more ____ information than facial cues do

accurate

to ____ is to change your behavior to accommodate what others are doing

adapt

part of delivering a good speech is _____ the audience

adapting your behavior to

which persuasive strategy starts with an unreasonably large request then moves to a smaller request that looks good in comparison?

anchor and contrast

that a word like "duck" has no characteristics of a duck- the word "duck" cannot fly, does not have a bill or webbed feet, and does not quack- represents the concept that language is usually

arbitrary

being a low self-monitor has some advantages over being a high self-monitor, namely that low self-monitors

are often more relaxed in many situations may be seen as more genuine and trustworthy are often more straightforward communicators

when we say there has been a breakdown in communication, it usually means that individuals

are still communicating but doing so ineffectively

we explain social behavior, including our own, by forming _____ for them

attributions

when you help a person save face, you help that person

avoid embarrassment or lose dignity

self-monitoring can be described as a(n) ____ of how you look, how you sound, and how your behavior affects those around you

awareness

the ability to explain social ____ is an important element of perception

behavior

which of the following is a value of individualistic cultures?

being oneself

which of the following characteristics make something more likely to be selected during the perception stage?

being unusual, repetitive, and intense

which of the following are benefits of having high self-esteem?

being willing to communicate being more outgoing being comfortable initiating relationships with others

people who enjoy comic books, fly fishing, or participate in shared activities or beliefs form a(n)

co-culture within a larger culture

you can identify with several ____ at once based on various combinations of values, customs, norms, and mutual interests that exist within them

co-cultures

you can identify with several _____ at once based on various combinations of values, customs, norms, and mutual interests that exist within them

co-cultures

conflicts are handled indirectly to preserve social harmony in ____ cultures

collectivistic

people in ____ cultures place a high value on duty and loyalty

collectivistic

which of the following refers to verbal and nonverbal behaviors whose meanings are often understood only by people from the same culture?

communication codes

which of the following is not a communication myth?

communication skills are improved by practice

which communication myth is illustrated by the belief that lack of effective communication is the primary cause of falling marriages?

communications will solve any problem

a word that refers to a specific object in the world can be referred to as

concrete

when 91% of surveyed U.S. adults reported that their communication skills are above average, they are

confusing experience with expertise

language is bound by which of the following?

culture context

which of the following is true about how culture affect communication?

cultures influences how individuals greet each other culture influences how individuals use space many basic facial expressions are interpreted similarly across cultures

which of the following describes language that harms a person's reputation or gives that person a negative image?

defamation

identifying good communication requires

defining what a good communicator is

the difference between intentional and unintentional messages is that the intentional messages are ____ and unintentional messages are unconscious

deliberate

which of the following describes language that disguises the speaker's true intentions through strategic ambiguity?

equivocation

which of the following specifically refers to the perception of an individual's ancestry or heritage?

ethnicity

what are some characteristics that might be suggested by a person's first name?

ethnicity, age group, sex

culture affects communication through all the following except

ethnocentric distance

the tendency to judge the practices of other cultures as inferior to one's own is called

ethnocentrism

personal ____ helps you assign meaning to behavior

experience

match the descriptions with the face need to which is corresponds

fellowship face-the need to have others like and accept us autonomy face- the need to avoid being imposed on by others competence face-the need to be respected

the sound "umm" and "er" that English speaker make in conversation are examples of

filler words

the culture you acquire growing up is determined by all the following expect

genetic code

which of the following are channels of nonverbal behavior?

gestures physical appearance use of space

in what type of culture do people speak in a less-direct way?

high-context culture

Power is not distributed evenly in _____ cultures

high-power-distance

power is not distributed evenly in ____ cultures

high-power-distance

which of the following statements about people with different cultural backgrounds are true?

in many cases they think differently they tend to communicate differently

which of the following statements are true about the ways men and women use touch?

in same sex pairs, women are more likely to touch each other than men are in same sex pairs, men are less likely to touch each other than are women in opposite sex pairs, men are more likely to touch women than women are to touch men

people on your Facebook "friends" list constitute a(n)

in-group

groups with whom you identify are

in-groups

groups with whom you identify are called

in-groups

if you live in a(n) ______ culture, you are expected to express conflicts and work toward resolving them.

individualistic

which best describes a culture in which people believe their primary responsibility is to themselves?

individualistic

which of the following best explains why meeting instrumental needs is important?

instrumental needs are often prerequisites for meeting other needs

the fundamental attribution error can be described as the tendency to attribute other people's behaviors to

internal rather than external causes

the part of the perceptual process where you assign meaning known as

interpretation

the process of assigning meaning to information that has been selected and organized is

interpretation

what is the third step in the perception process?

interpretation

the process of perception involves which of the following?

interpreting information selecting information organizing information

which form of communication involves communicating with yourself?

intrapersonal communication

Match each communication example with the type of communication that it represents

intrapersonal- rehearsing in your mind how you will request an assignment extension mass- publishing an article in the New York Times interpersonal- messaging a friend through his or her Facebook profile public- speaking at a rally for a political candidate small group- encouraging your basketball teammates before a game

in what ways does spoken language enable us to connect to others?

it allows us to provide support it allows us to share social information it allows us to provide comfort

which of the following is true about language?

it has layers of meaning

which of the following countries have collectivistic cultures?

korea and japan

systems of written and spoken communication are known as

language

which of the following is defined as a structured system of symbols used for communicating meaning?

language

which of the following are true about how language connects us with others?

language enables us to stay connected with those we already know language enables us to share social information language enables us to meet new people

environments that us relatively few channels are called channel-____ contexts

lean

which of the following statements about the issue of immigration are true?

most citizens consider immigrants to be out-groups the U.S. has relatively lenient policies to allow immigrants to eventually become citizens

status as a citizen of a particular country is referred to as

nationality

forms of language, such as euphemism, slang, and profanity, are

neither entirely bad nor entirely good

which of the following have occurred in language as a result of new technologies?

new words have been generated to help communicate about them existing words have developed new meanings

perception is a ____ process, which means that the stages overlap

nonlinear

the common components of cultures are symbols, language, values, and

norms

which of the following are characteristics of mass communication?

often used as a marketing tool transmitted via electronic or print media delivered to large audiences

the second step in the perception process, ____, helps you make sense of information by allowing you to compare and contrast it with other things you know about it

organization

which term describes the stage of the perceptual process in which information is classified in some way?

organization

which of the following strongly influence our percptions?

our co-cultures our culture

it is important to remember that using slang and jargon around those who do not understand it can make others feel like

outsiders

which of the following statements are true about self-monitoring?

people who are high self-monitors will adapt their communication based on how people react to them people who are low self-monitors care little about how they affect others

which of the following describes the predisposition to perceive only what we want or expect to perceive?

perceptual set

which of the following are characteristics of stable causes?

permanent semipermanent difficult to change

which of the following are vocal behaviors?

pitch volume rate

which of the following characteristics make a stimulus stand out?

repetition intensity

transactional communication typically takes place in channel-____ environments

rich

the term ______ refers to preserving one's dignity in a potentially embarrassing situation

saving face

to classify a stimulus, your mind applies a perceptual ____ to it, which is a mental framework for organizing information into categories called constructs

schema

which of the following describes your subjective evaluation of your own value and worth as a person?

self-esteem

when a prediction causes a person to act in ways that make that prediction come true, it is known as a

self-fulfilling prophecy

even though the meaning of a word is arbitrary, the rules that determine what a particular word means are

semantic rules

which of the following are the four basic types of language rules that researchers have identified?

semantic, pragmatic, syntactic, phonological

which of the following are functions on eye contact?

signaling attraction gaining credibility persuasion

research shows that people strongly prefer individuals and groups whom they perceive to be

similar to themselves

remarking "it is never okay to steal" is an example of using communication to meet a(n) _______ need.

spiritual

which of the following are ways to be open-minded about cultural differences?

striving to become aware of how your culture is different from another culture avoiding the urge to judge difference in a negative light

communication is the process that humans use to exchange information and create meaning by using which of the following?

symbols, signs, and behaviors

the language rule that dictates the proper order of words within a phrase or clause is the

syntactic rule

a recent survey of US employers by the National Association of Colleges and Employers suggest that

teamwork skills rank above communication skills in importance

the Johari window explains

that some of our characteristics are known to others, while some are known only to ourselves

which of the following are cultural norms for politeness in the U.S.?

that you will shake hands when you first meet someone that you will say "thank you" after receiving a gift or a compliment

culture is learned primarily from which of the following?

the person who raised you

which of the following describes a declaration of the intention to harm someone?

threat

which of the following are ways that self-concept can shape our communication behaviors?

through a self-fulfilling prophecy through self-monitoring

which of the following describe ways people communicate nonverbally?

through eye contact through physical appearance through touch

which of the following are ways that self-concept can shape our communication behavior's?

through self-monitoring through a self-fulfilling prophecy

in an individualistic culture people believe their primary responsibility is

to themselves

true or false: differences, including views about masculinity and femininity, power distance, and orientation toward time, influence how people from different cultures communicate with one another

true

ethical considerations are particularly important in which of the following situations?

trying to change the way people think or behave

the tendency to avoid unfamiliar and uncomfortable situations is known as ____ avoidance

uncertainty

which of the following are shared components of a given culture?

values, symbols, language

societies are made up of people who necessarily share which of the following in common?

values, symbols, norms

most words have meanings that

we give them

which of the following describes terms or phrases intended to mislead listeners by implying something that they don't actually say?

weasel words

which of the following statements is a type of defense mechanism to minimize the effects of a face-threatening act?

"You would not have liked the game even if they have invited you."

Match the components of the action model of communication with the appropriate description:

Noise- anything that interferes with the receiver's ability to pay attention to the message source- the individual who wishes to communicate a thought message- the verbal and nonverbal elements of communication channel- a pathway for communication receiver- the individual who will decode what is being communicated

which of the following statements best describe how culture influences communication?

a person may not be aware that culture is influencing his or her own communication everyone has cultural traits and biases that affect communication

which of the following are common among the action and interaction models of communication but NOT the transaction model?

a series of back-and-forth messages separate source and receiver roles

Drag each type of communication on the right to the communication model that best applies to it

action model: issuing a company press release mailing a birthday card interaction model: exchanging e-mails with a coworker engaging in a q&a session with a speaker transaction model: conversing with a group of friends at a party arguing with several family members

when we engage in our own image management, we are

adjusting our behavior

believing that ____ is characteristic of low-power-distance cultures

all men and women are equal

a lack of certainty of what to say or how to act in a social situation is called

ambiguity

which of the following accurately describe language?

ambiguous language can be interpreted in more than one way it varies in clarity

baseball, apple pie, and bald eagles are all symbols of ____ culture

american

which of the following describes a statement implying a claim is true without exception?

an allness statement

which of the following is a type of gesture that has a direct verbal translation?

an emblem

"kicking the bucket" is an example of

an idiom

which of the following are true about the difference between opinions and factual claims?

an opinion expresses a personal judgement or preference that we could agree or disagree with a factual claim makes an assertion that we can verify with evidence and show to be true or false an opinion is not true or false in an absolute sense

unlike relational communication needs, identity needs

are formed in part by comparing the self to others

if you were in charge of a neighborhood committee meeting, examples of communicating appropriately might include which of the following?

asking your neighbors for advice on the agenda scheduling the meeting at a time people would be able to attend

Dinesh sees two of his friends in a cafe. One of the friends gestures animatedly to the other while the other closes his eyes and leans his head back. Dinesh wonders why the friend reacted like that. Dinesh seeks a(n)

attribution

attribution for the behavior of others is related to communication in which of the following ways?

attribution errors lead to inappropriate responses in communication

Anna doesn't show up for a date she planned with Claude. Before Claude calls her to ask what happened, he considers several possibilities, including "Maybe she's sick or has been in a car accident." This is an example of applying

cognitive complexity

the ideas or concepts that a word suggests constitute its ____ meaning

connotative

the difference between low- and high- _______ cultures is primarily found in how directly or indirectly members express themselves in language

context

the different between low- and high- ____ cultures is primarily found in how directly or indirectly members express themselves in language

context

if a friend spends a lot of time shopping online and as a result misses a class, the dimension of attribution that concerns whether your friend could have gotten to class is

controllability

one of the primary social functions of language is that it ____ social information

conveys

language has the power to enhance or diminish our ____, the extent to which others perceive us to be competent and trustworthy

credibility

when we trust a doctor's health advice over that of a waiter, we are assigning ____ on the basis of the doctor's expertise

credibility

which of the following describes the act of passing judgment on someone or something in a constructive way?

criticism

which of the following ways of using language can be abusive or beneficial, depending on how they are used?

criticism and profanity

when a communicator uses an adapting behavior to follow a conversational partner's behavior, the adapting behavior is most likely to be effective when it does which of the following?

demonstrates interest in the partner avoids being exaggerated

which of the following statements are examples of spiritual principles

divine beauty is found in nature I believe in destiny and fate

which characteristics of jargon help members of a co-culture communicate?

efficient, specific, and accurate

nonverbal communication is the primary means of expressing

emotion

men and women differ in how ____ expressive they are

emotionally

according to Hofstede and Hall, which of the following are cultural differences that influence how people communicate with each other?

emphasis placed on individuals versus groups views about masculinity and femininity power distance uncertainty avoidance

as members of an out-group, new immigrants often ____ during their first year in their new homeland.

experience high levels of stress

which of the following are components of context unique to the transaction model of communication?

experience, gender, and culture

we use attribution to ____ behavior

explain

which best describes a situation in which you would adapt your communication style to emphasize a certain aspect of your identity?

explaining your management experience to a potential boss

which of the following are ways to improve your nonverbal communication?

express nonverbal messages clearly accurately interpret the nonverbal behavior of others

the behaviors we use to project our desired public image to others can be referred to as

facework

True or False: most cultures cultivate the goals and achievements of individualistic and groups equality

false

true or false: all cultures are tied to specific countries

false

true or false: because we continually rely on making perceptions about the communication behaviors of others, perceptual mistakes are rare

false

true or false: having an active social life is not a powerful predictor of a person's overall happiness.

false

true or false: in the majority of situations we communicate more information through verbal communication than we do through nonverbal behavior

false

true or false: language functions to connect us with others but not to separate us from others

false

true or false: one's ethnicity is directly related to one's culture

false

true or false: whether a culture is individualistic or collectivistic is unlikely to be evident in verbal messages

false

which elements does the interaction model add to the action model?

feedback and context

putting your thumb between your index finger and middle finger has different meanings in the U.S., Brazil, and Russia because

gestures differ from society to society

a study of doctor-patient consultations found that the more doctors talked, the more likely they were to

get off track and forget about patients' problems

which of the following is informal talk that is typically judgmental about people who are not present in the conversation?

gossip

cultures differ in the amount of emphasis they place on individuals versus

groups

noticing similarities and differences between yourself and others helps you identify which of the following?

groups that you are separate from groups that you belong to

which of the following describes profanity meant to degrade, intimate, or dehumanize persons based on their sex, national orientation, religion, race, disability status, or political or moral views?

hate speech

when people from low- and high-context cultures communicate with each other, the potential for misunderstanding is

high

in what type of society do individuals learn to obey and respect parents and teachers without question?

high-power-distance

in a(n) ____ culture, people tend not to value ambition, achievement, acquisition of material goods, or assigned gender-specific roles

highly feminine

in a(n) ____ culture, people tend to value ambition, achievement, the acquisition of material goods, and assign sex-specific roles to men and women.

highly masculine

a phrase whose meaning is purely figurative is a(n)

idiom

which of the following are types of communication codes that tend to differ significantly from society to society?

idioms, jargon, and gestures

which of the following statements about self-esteem are correct?

if you have high self-esteem, you feel happy about yourself if you are pessimistic about your abilities, you probably have low self-esteem

the process of adjusting our behavior in order to project the kind of image we want to project is known as

image management

match each communication rule on the right with the type of rule it is on the left

implicit: not cutting in front of the person ahead of you in the checkout lane at a grocery store ignoring incoming text messages when engaging in face-to-face conversation explicit: directing a "shushing" sound toward someone to request that he or she be quiet university policy against hate speech

the term digital divide acknowledges the cultural gap between societies that do not have regular _____ access

internet

which of the following types of perception involves making meaning about people from our own and others' behaviors?

interpersonal

which of the following is the most common form of communication that people engage in?

interpersonal communication

which of the following are ways that humor can improve our communication with others?

it can bring us closer to people it can diffuse stress it can make social interactions more pleasant and enjoyable

which of the following statements are true about the negative effects of humor?

it can qualify as harassment it can cause embarrassment or distress when used at another's expense it can be demeaning to individuals and social or cultural groups

which of the following statements is true of the action model of communication?

it depends on the receiver to decode the message it assumes a one-way process

which of the following are characteristics of communication?

it has relational implications it has literal meanings it is affected by the perceptions of the participants

which statements about the interaction model of communication are correct?

it includes context it treats communication as a two-way process it includes feedback

which of the following statements are true about nonverbal communication?

it is communication that doesn't use words various parts of our bodies serve as channels of communication

which of the following statements are true about communicating affection?

it is good for people it is good for relationships

which of the following statements is true about language?

it is governed by rules

which of the following are criticisms of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis?

it is possible that our thoughts shape and constrain our language people who don't acquire a language because of cognitive deficiencies are able to think and interact with others people can have an experience even if they don't have a word for that experience

which of the following describe how language expresses who we are?

it names us it identifies us it enhances our credibility

which of the following statements about the transaction model are true?

it sees conversations as simultaneous two-way flows it treats conversation participants as both sources and receivers

which of the following statements are true of self-concept?

it's a person's identity its multifaced its party subjective it is a collection of smaller "selves"

which of the following describes the technical vocabulary of a certain profession that allows members of that occupation to communicate with one another precisely and efficiently?

jargon

which of the following statements about jargon are correct?

jargon is intended for understanding by people within a given co-culture jargon may not be understood by person outside the co-culture that uses it jargon is language with a technical meaning

which of the following help people communicate with cultural awareness?

knowing different communication codes being able to adapt to others being open-minded

your interpretation of a person's actions will be influenced by your ____ of that person

knowledge

using the term "death panel" for a group that reviews the medical procedures a person can have under his or her health care coverage is an example of ____ language

loaded

when a speaker associates an idea to a word with a strong connotative meaning in order to evoke a strong emotional reaction to the idea, the speaker is said to be using ____ language

loaded

people are expected to be direct and to the point in a ____ culture

low-context

being taught to question authority is characteristic of a(n)

low-power-distance

in which type of culture is autonomy, or the ability to choose how they do their jobs, most valued?

low-power-distance

which of the following statements are true of competent communication?

many have been taught communication skills they have practiced their craft

cultures that are ____ value ambition, achievement, the acquisition of material goods, and gender specific roles; whereas those that are ______ value nurturing, the quality of life, and service to others.

masculine; feminine

in the context of communication, which of the following best completes the sentence: "Because words by themselves are symbols, they have no inherent _____ until someone uses them."

meaning

because of the presence of multiple cultural groups in the U.S., the country has been called a(n)

melting pot

a formal description of the process of communication is called a communication ______

model

communicating without the use of words is called ____ communication

nonverbal

deception has become more common in certain communication venues, such as

online personal ads

which of the following factors influence our interpretations of another person's behavior?

our personal experience with the person our knowledge of the person the closeness of our relationship with the person

which of the following is not accounted for by the interaction model of communication?

overlapping communication

in order to be an effective communicator, you should ____ your thoughts and feelings

own

the process of making meaning from what we sense or experience in the world around us is called

perception

which of the following are elements of your self-concept?

perceptions of who you are stability

which of the following describes the process of convincing people that they should think or act in a certain way?

persuasion

the distracting hum of a light fixture is ____ noise

physical

Match each need on the left with the phrase that best describes that need on the right

physical need- addresses physical and mental well-being relational need- includes companionship, affection, relaxation, and escape identity need- plays a large role in shaping the way individuals see themselves spiritual need- includes the principles and morals people value instrumental need- meets practical, everyday needs

which of the following are types of schema used to classify information about people?

physical, psychological, interaction, or role constructs

which of the following describes how high or deep your voice sounds?

pitch

cultures with a ____orientation of time, such as Latin American countries, view time as fluid and less structured

polychronic

what type of orientation to time conceives of time as holistic and fluid?

polychronic

which of the following is not a characteristic of a small group

poor conflict resolution

high-power-distance and low-power-distance refer to the degree to which ____ is evenly distributed within the society

power

the principle that first impressions are critical because they set the tone for all future interactions is known as the ____ effect

primacy

the word "coke" has many different meanings. For example, in some parts of the U.S., the word coke is used to represent all types of carbonated beverages, regardless of brand. Using the semantic triangle to explain one meaning of "coke", match the term with the correct description

referent- the coca-cola company's product reference- thoughts of all types of carbonated beverages, regardless of brand symbol- the word "coke"

the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis maintains that language

reflects attitudes and behaviors of a culture's people influences the ways that members of a culture see the world

which of the following is the name for gestures that control the flow of conversation?

regulators

which of the following are forms of gestures?

regulators adaptors emblems affect displays illustrators

in any conversation, understanding depends on bother the content, or literal, dimension of the message and its _____ dimensions

relational

which of the following are elements of effective communication?

selecting a strategy for reaching your communication goals understanding unique cultural expectations using more than one communication strategy to reach your communication goals identifying your communication goals

if you notice that your roommate failed to wash the dishes but did not notice that she cleaned the bathroom, you would be engaging in

selection

the first stage in the process of perception is

selection

which of the following are included in the process of perception?

selection interpretation organization

which of the following describes the tendency to remember information that supports our stereotypes and to forget to information that does not?

selective memory bias

you perceive yourself through your

self-concept

which of the following are ways to improve your language?

separate opinions from factual claims own your own thoughts and feelings speak at an appropriate level

negative campaign advertisements are an example of the use of language to

separate people from each other ideologically

Your co-culture is not based on

shared nationality

your co-culture is not based on

shared nationality

managing multiple identities means that we ____ to different people in our lives

show different parts of ourselves

presuming that most people think the same way we do, without asking ourselves whether it is true, is called

similarity assumption

which of the following describes the use of informal and often unconventional words that are understood only by others in a particular group?

slang

which of the following describes a short and memorable phrase that will motivate people to become customers?

slogan

which of the following is a type of nonverbal communication that does NOT involve visual observation?

smells

which of the following is not a type of nonverbal communication that involves visual observation?

smells

groups of people who share a culture with one another are called

societies

communicators with low self-awareness who attend a meeting might

speak longer than anyone else

which description of a political candidate is least likely to appeal to voter's perceptual filters?

stamp collector

which of the following influence perception?

stereotyping accumulated experience culture

aspects of our self-concept that are based on impressions rather than on facts are

subjective

good intercultural communicators adapt to the communicative behaviors of their conversational partners to emphasize all the follow except

superiority

in the semantic triangle, the word being communicated is called the

symbol

words are _____, or arbitrary representations of ideas or meanings

symbols

which of the following factors influence our interpretation of another person's behavior?

the closeness of our relationship with the person our personal experience with the person our knowledge of the person

which of the following factors will you likely pay attention to when interpreting a friend's behavior?

the closeness of your relationship your personal experience your knowledge of your friend

Al calls his friend Kris "sly" after Kris convinces his boss to give him a raise. Kris complains that "sly" has more of a negative than positive meaning. Kris is focusing on

the connotative meaning of the word "sly"

which of the following is a reason German emperor Frederick II's natural language experiment on 50 infants was unethical?

the experiment did not take into account the possibility of harm to the infants

which of the following is true about the theory of recency effect?

the most recent impression is the most powerful

which of the following describes the expectation that you will help someone who has helped you in the past?

the norm of reciprocity

which of the following describes the part of the Johari window that is known to both the self and others?

the open area

which of the following are examples of power and control touch?

the police holding a suspect a host putting a guiding hand on a guest's back

the semantic triangle helps us understand

the relationship between words and their denotative and connotative meanings

which persuasive strategy maintains that people will comply with requests if they believe that others are also complying?

the social validation principle

that the word "bird" does not look anything like a bird highlights which of the following concepts?

the word simply represents the object the word is not the object language is symbolic

which of the following statements about stereotypes are correct?

they are generalizations about groups of people they influence the way we perceive other people they influence the way we interpret communication

which of the following statements abut spiritual needs is accurate?

they are met when people discuss their spiritual ideas and practices

which of the following statements about gestures are true?

they are used to express ideas they are usually movements of the hand or the arm

the different between monochronic and polychronic cultures is how people view

time

which context issue is least likely to affect your ability to talk about a sensitive topic?

time of day

which of the following are reasons a speaker might prefer to conduct an online video conference rather than post an online video?

to use multiple communication channels to receive information from facial expressions from the audience

locus refers to which of the following

to where the cause of a behavior is located

in what type of culture are people more open to new situations and more accepting people and ideas that are different from their own?

uncertainty-accepting

people that are open to new situations and more tolerant of other people and ideas that are different from their own in _____ cultures

uncertainty-accepting

cultures with high ____ include people who are uncomfortable with differences of opinion

uncertainty-avoidance

in what type of culture are individuals typically drawn to people and situations that are familiar?

uncertainty-avoidant

stereotyping ____ among individuals within a group

underestimates the differences

the part of the Johari window that contains aspects of our self-concept that are not available to ourselves or others is called the _____ area

unknown

a stimulus will stand out if it is

unusual

which is a channel of nonverbal communication?

use of space

culturally aware communicators know when they need to code-switch, or shift between

using jargon and plain language

a culture judges goodness, desirability, or beauty through

values

co-cultural groups often arise through an interest in shared ____, such as environmentalism or preservation of history

values

members of the co-culture of veganism, which promotes diets free of animal products, share specific _____ that are related to the prevision of animal life

values

our use of time send messages about which of the following?

values power

ambiguity is part of intercultural communication, and it offers a chance to learn which of the following about a different culture?

values traditions

which of the following are nonverbal channels that are particularly effective for expressing emotions?

vocal behaviors facial expressions

which of the following is true concerning communication technologies when interacting with people from other cultures?

we should no assume everyone has access to the same communication technology that we do

the basic rules that govern language apply to which of the following?

what words mean how words are pronounced how words are placed in a sentence or phrase

which of the following statements is true of a situation-specific communication?

what works in one context may not in another

meeting each of your communication goals in a given situation means that

you are an effective communicator

which of the following are principle that can help you distinguish between opinions and factual claims?

you can verify a factual claim you can agree or disagree with an opinion

which of the following are you-statements?

you don't know what you're doing you're not listening to me you're making me mad you're hurting my feelings

which of the following are true about how to improve your language use?

you should try to speak at an appropriate level of complexity for your audience you should avoid using language that is too complex for your audience you should avoid using language that is too simple for your audience

which of the following factors will likely influence how you interpret a person's behavior?

your personal experience the closeness of your relationship your knowledge of the person