COMMUNITY Exam 2

A public health nurse is coordinating with a community health team. Which of the following statements by the nurse indicates that they understand their role and the nature of collaboration?

"Collaboration allows key stakeholders to share differing viewpoint"

A community health nurse is providing teaching to a client who is being enrolled in an epidemiological cohort study. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

"The study will last for 10 years. You will contact me annually for an interview and blood work."

A nurse implements a program that focuses on secondary prevention. Which of the following is most likely the topic for this program?

Mammogram

What is the gold standard of evidence gathering in evidence-based practice (EBP):

Randomized controlled trails (RCTs)

The community health nurse addresses an outbreak of viral spinal meningitis in the community. Referring to Leavell and Clark's natural history of disease model, which example of tertiary prevention might the nurse consider in this situation?

Refer clients who have experienced neurological deficits because of the disease to a neurologist to begin rehabilitation.

What is the likelihood or probability of a particular event or condition may occur?

Risk

Which one is an example of an agent?

Salmonella

A public health nurse is looking for an evidence-based practice interventions for community transmission of a communicable disease. What of the following interventions does the nurse identify as part of the 17 specific intervention topics in the interventional wheel developed by the Minnesota Health Department? SATA (2)

Screening & Outreach

A nurse that is uses data such as minutes or meting notes from a community meeting is using:

Secondary analysis

The term that quantifies how accurately a test identifies those with condition of trait is:

Sensitivity

The patient recently got infected with Staph. Staph is what component of the triangle?

Staph Agent

The nurse conducts a community assessment. The community is large and the members range from affluent executives to poor migrant workers. To most accurately assess the community, the nurse should:

Use multiple methods or perspectives

The community is concerned about public safety and the care of their elders living at home. When the nurse assesses the community, the nurse finds there is potential to solve their problems within the community setting without outside resources. The plans to meet the community needs are accepted by members to the community. Which action has been most successfully demonstrated in your assessment of this community?

Make the assessment process empowering to the community

A community health nurse is providing teaching to a group of adults preparing for a trip to Zambia, where malaria is endemic. Which of the following statements by a group member indicates an understanding of the environmental element of the epidemiologic triangle?

We will wear mosquito repellant daily

A nurse explores all of the possible factors that contribute to coronary artery disease in the community as it links in multiple interrelated chains. Which epidemiologic model is the nurse using?

Web of causation

The nurse assesses a community undergoing change. Five years ago, a series of setbacks caused the local foundry to close. Through interviews, the nurse discovers that generations of families worked at the foundry. Research indicates that no other businesses have been able to provide work for this who no longer work at the foundry. Developmental data gathered through this research into the community's history will help the nurse: SATA

- Determine what resources were available before the foundry closed - Determine what variables may have enhanced or detracted from community development - Understand cultural changes within the community over time

A nurse is assessing the safety in the community using primary data. Which of the following data would be useful for the nurse to collect? SATA

- Windshield survey - Direct observation - Community informant interviews

At a high school, there's 5 new cases of pertussis in the 4th week of September and 45 existing cases of pertussis in the 1st week of September. What's your incidence?

5 cases

While visiting the home of an 89-year-old woman out in the country, the nurse learns that her primary care provider's office is one hour's drive away. The client states, "I've just stopped going in for appointments in the past few years. It's just too far for me to drive by myself." This situation exemplifies which of the seven A's of challenges to elders in rural areas?

Accessibility

An Epidemiologist wants to know what caused severe diarrhea and vomiting in several people at a local banquet would be using:

Analytic epidemiology

Intervention study and Equal social study. Which epidemiology studies the determinants of patterns observed? "How & Why"

Analytic studies the determinants of the patterns observed

A nurse is comparing several research projects which have utilized a prospective study approach. Which factor should the nurse most anticipate will be present in these projects?

Analytic study in which participants are enrolled before the health outcome of interest has occurred

When speaking with an older man in a rural community about his lifelong smoking habit, the nurse is alarmed to learn that he has never heard that cigarette smoking is the major. Cause of lung cancer. This situation exemplifies which of the seven A's of challenges to elders in rural areas?

Awareness

What is the determination that a statistical association exists between a certain factor and a health outcome?

Causality

Appraise new epidemiologic research concerning the reported cases of measles over the last 5 years. Which is the best explanation for the nurse to apply to a risk factor when analyzing this research?

Characteristic or event that has been shown to increase the probability that a specific disease or an illness will develop

What type of epidemiology talks about "who, what, where, & when"?

Descriptive

The community health nurse is responsible for the general health of the community on multiple levels. The nurse discovers an increase in the number of sick days used by children aged 7 to 100 years at the local elementary school in recent weeks. Research indicates that the families of asthmatic children tend to be less educated and less likely to comply with current treatment plan. Using the epidemiologic approach, the next step in the care plan should be to:

Develop school-based education programs for both the children and their caregivers

A constant presence of a disease in a population is:

Endemic

In researching cases of the West Nile virus in the community, the nurse explores how interactions among people are infected with this virus, mosquitoes, and the environment they share contribute to outbreaks of this disease. Which epidemiologic model is used in this case?

Epidemiologic triad

The community health nurse explores pedestrian access to all healthcare facilities in the community. Which tool would be most helpful in performing this task?

Geographic information systems

The nurses analyze epidemiologic study for the occurrence of pertussis cases in the state. While evaluating the information, what options are the best interpretation of rate?

Primary measurement describes the occurrence or existence of a specific state of health or illness.

A community health nurse is preparing an in-service for staff to define the conditions of causation in epidemiology studies. Which of the following description should the nurse use to define a dose-response relationship to establish causation?

Increased exposure increases the risk of developing the disease

The nurse is scheduling an appointment with a physician who practices in the community to learn more about the community's beliefs regarding childhood immunizations. Which of the following is being demonstrated?

Informant interview

The nurse conducts a community assessment in a town once supported by multiple paper factories. The factories closed 2 years ago and most of the population is now out of work. The school nurse notes that 68% of the students are behind schedule in their physicals and immunizations. On the bias of this community assessment, the nurse should recommend:

Initiation of neighborhood clinics at low or no cost to the community

Asset-based assessment DOES NOT include:

Leads community to seek outside assistance rather than look for in-house skills

A group of nursing students are comparing the various changes in the morbidity and mortality data in the last 150 years. Which change should stand out in the morbidity and mortality rates from 1900 to the present?

Noninfectious diseases have increased

COVID-19 is considered:

Pandemic

.lTo understand the causes of health and disease, epidemiology studies:

Populations

A screening for diabetes revealed 20 previously diagnosed diabetics and 10 probable new cases, which were later confirmed, for a total of 30 cases. This is called:

Prevalence

The community health nurse assesses the neighborhood in which the clients live. When observing the physical environment, the nurse notes that most of the homes in the neighborhood are well kept and the children playing in the yards are wearing clean clothing. The children appear well nourished. The nurse determines that the neighborhood has little need for a well-child clinic. This assessment is based on:

Subjective data (According to Jones: might remove "observing" from Q)

The community health nurse learns that there are statistically high levels of obesity and elevated cholesterol in the community. In addition, the community has a disproportionately high number of fast-food restaurants, compared with surrounding communities. Which would be the most appropriate next step, based on these data?

Target education and support programs

The interaction between the agent, the host, and the environment is called what?

The Triangle

Which model expands the epidemiological triangle reflecting the complex of relationships of numerous factors interacting to increase or decrease the risk of disease?

The Web of Causation

In a diagnostic statement, the etiology is:

The cause or origin of the disease

While completing a community assessment, the nurse notes that the computer companies in the community hire a disproportionate number of their employees from local suburban communities rather than the community in which the company housed. To create an accurate assessment, the nurse should collect data on:

The community as part of the aggregate

In the triangle, age, gender, & lifestyle factors such as diet would be which components of which factor?

The host

The new community health nurse introduces herself to the local minister and attends various neighborhood meetings. The nurse learns about the ethics, values, and culture of the neighborhood. The community is vocal about the need for public safety and the care of the homeless, especially in the winter. Which is the best rationale for considering all of the influences in the neighborhood affecting their health and well-being?

The information will help to effectively assess the community

Evidence-based nursing practice is:

The principle implemented in acute care and community settings states that high quality care is based on evidence and not just past practiced and intuitions

School nurse is searching for evidence-based information about the use of spacers with meter dose inhalers amongst school children. Which part of their PICO question represents the "I"?

The use of a spacer with an MDI is the intervention

The method of community data collection in which the nurse drives in a car or rides in a bus to observe dimensions of a community's life and the environment is called:

Windshield survey