Comps Practice Test 6

Augustine, age 5, is in foster care and enrolled in a therapeutic nursery school. He and his older sister were removed from their home after they were found wandering in the park asking people for food and their parents were both found to have a drug problem. While observing Augustine at school, you notice that he impulsively approaches strangers, tends to be overly familiar with people he has just met, and quickly becomes attached to any adult who pays attention to him. Before assigning a DSM-5 diagnosis of ______________ to Augustine, you will want to confirm that his symptoms are attributable to ______________.

Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder; early neglect or deprivation

Which of the following individuals has proposed that organizational culture acts, at least in part, as a defense mechanism that helps organizational members avoid uncertainty and anxiety?

Edgar Schein

An existential therapist is most likely to describe "existential anxiety" as:

a potential stimulus for growth.

The "paired comparison" technique is:

a relative measure of job performance.

The court offers a defendant the choice of jail or an in-patient alcohol treatment program after he is found guilty of driving while intoxicated. As the clinician who will be working with the man at the treatment center, you should keep in mind that:

a waiver of confidentiality is required and should be obtained before you release any information about the man's treatment to the court.

Dr. Bill sets his clients' fees on the basis of a "sliding scale" that is based on their current income. This practice is:

acceptable but not explicitly mentioned in the Ethics Code.

With regard to power in the client-therapist relationship, a feminist therapist would most likely:

acknowledge the power differential inherent in the relationship but view it as a temporary condition.

Longitudinal studies of individuals who receive a diagnosis of Borderline Personality Disorder in adolescence or early adulthood indicate that these individuals often exhibit a reduction or remission in symptoms over time. However, recovery varies for type of symptom, with _________ symptoms showing the least amount of improvement with increasing age.

affective

You agree to see an adolescent in therapy. Before you begin therapy, the parents tell you they will want information about how their son is progressing. As an ethical psychologist, you should:

agree in advance with all parties what, if anything, will be revealed to the parents.

Dr. Blue, a psychologist, is hired by a company to administer tests for the purpose of evaluating current employees to determine if they should be considered for promotion. In this situation:

an informed consent from examinees should be obtained.

Freud argued that the "work of the mental apparatus is directed toward keeping the quantity of excitation low." If the mental apparatus is unsuccessful in doing so, the result is likely to be which of the following?

anxiety

If a psychology licensure candidate is believed to have cheated on the psychology licensing exam, he/she will:

be given an opportunity to provide evidence to the licensing board why his/her test score should not be cancelled.

When applying Bandura's social learning theory to training in the workplace, you would use which of the following techniques?

behavioral modeling

For a diagnosis of Bulimia Nervosa, an individual has to exhibit which of the following?

binge eating and inappropriate compensatory behavior for at least three months

An electrolyte imbalance is a possible complication of Bulimia Nervosa. The danger of this complication lies in the fact that it can lead to:

cardiac arrhythmia and arrest.

The research has found that individual therapy, group therapy, and family therapy are effective treatments for Bulimia Nervosa. With regard to individual therapy, the research has shown that:

cognitive-behavior therapy is superior to either interpersonal therapy or behavior therapy in terms of short-term effects, but cognitive-behavior therapy and interpersonal therapy are about equally effective in terms of long-term effects.

When working with a client belonging to an ethnic minority group, a White therapist interprets the client's reluctance to disclose personal information as a sign of paranoia. According to Ridley (2005), this therapist is exhibiting which of the following?

color blindness

A psychologist is asked to evaluate a prisoner for the purpose of making a recommendation about the prisoner's readiness for parole. To be consistent with ethical guidelines, the psychologist should:

conduct the evaluation as long as the prisoner has been told the purpose of the evaluation and has been warned about the limits on confidentiality.

You receive a voicemail from a well-respected licensed psychologist in your community who is currently seeing one of your former clients. She says that she has obtained the client's consent and wants you to forward the client's record to her. You should:

contact the client to obtain a release directly from him.

A supervisor administers a test on the material covered in a training program to employees who have just completed the program in order to assess its effectiveness. Six months later, the same supervisor rates the employees on their job performance and correlates the two sets of scores. She obtains a correlation coefficient of .65. Most likely, the magnitude of the coefficient has been biased by which of the following?

criterion contamination

A client you have been seeing for eight months says he wants to quit therapy. He feels that the original problems he came to therapy for have all been resolved. You disagree and feel that there is good reason for the man to continue seeing you. You should:

discuss his reasons for wanting to terminate and your reasons for thinking he should continue.

Employee X is thinking about filing a sexual harassment suit against her boss, Supervisor Y. He makes a habit of complimenting Employee X on how she looks, often with a "wolf whistle" and this makes Employee X feel very uncomfortable. Employee X decides to tell Supervisor Y that she finds his behavior offensive. Supervisor Y says he "means no harm" but that he'll stop if that's what she wants. This situation:

does not represent a sexual harassment suit as long as Supervisor Y actually stops making comments about Employee X's appearance.

The "risky shift phenomenon" is a potential problem when:

employees work together to derive a work-related decision

Members of an outpatient therapy group are likely to rank which of Yalom's therapeutic factors as most important?

interpersonal input, catharsis, cohesiveness, and self-understanding

In discussing a depressed client, a therapist says the client's problems are due to the fact that she did not experience normal grief following the death of her mother three years ago. He says that the focus of treatment will be on helping the client go through the grieving process and restore her interests and friendships so that she can overcome her loss. Apparently, this therapist is a practitioner of:

interpersonal therapy.

Fairburn's (2008) CBT-E (cognitive-behavioral therapy - enhanced) adds which of the following to traditional cognitive-behavioral therapy for individuals with Bulimia Nervosa?

interventions aimed at interpersonal relationships

A psychologist working for the criminal justice system is asked by the court to evaluate a young man accused of committing a felony. She is told by an attorney who has attempted to interview the man that he has difficulty attending to general directives and that his perceptions of time, place, and people appear to be confused. The psychologist will be required to testify in court regarding her assessment of the young man. In terms of confidentiality, the psychologist is:

not legally bound to maintain confidentiality but ethically required to inform the young man of the limits of confidentiality.

A licensed psychologist who is working in an isolated rural community finds that some of his clients have problems that are beyond his training and expertise. The psychologist should:

obtain appropriate consultation by phone.

Dr. Bascom, a newly-licensed psychologist, has been hired by a community mental health center. Several months after beginning her job, Dr. Bascom starts treating a college student who experiences severe test anxiety. Although Dr. Bascom took a graduate course in behavior therapy and has had some clinical experience with behavioral techniques, she has never worked with anyone with test anxiety. As an ethical psychologist, Dr. Bascom should:

seek consultation from an experienced colleague and continue working with the client.

Transformational leaders:

seek to empower their followers.

Which of the following information-processing strategies is characteristic of the reintegration status of Helms's (1995) White Racial Identity Development Model?

selective perception and negative out-group distortion

In treating a client, a practitioner of Reality Therapy would most likely be interested in which of the following?

the client's sense of responsibility and needs for power, freedom, and belongingness

From the perspective of Prochaska and DiClemente's (1984) transtheoretical model of change, the failures of treatment programs for cigarette smoking are often due to the fact that:

the majority of smokers are not ready to change.

You would be concerned about a selection test's differential validity for males and females when you discover that:

the slope of the regression lines for males and females are different.

For a claim of malpractice:

the therapist may or may not have had malevolent intentions but there must be a causal connection between the therapist's acts and the harm suffered by the client.

Social loafing is most likely to occur when members of a team are less productive than individual members would have been working alone because:

they believe their lack of effort will not be recognized by others.

When conducting Seligman's Positive Psychotherapy (PPT), a client is asked to keep a daily journal in which he/she lists:

three good things that happened each day.

An intern at a large mental health clinic decides to work at another agency and makes appointments to see several of the clinic's clients at her new place of employment. Her actions are:

unethical because the clients are already receiving services from the clinic.

A psychology intern administers tests to clients of a mental health clinic, but her supervisor scores the tests and interprets their results. When preparing the psychological report, the supervisor doesnotindicate that the intern administered the tests. This is:

unethical since the intern should be listed as the examiner in the report.

When using the DSM-5, a clinician would code which of the following to indicate that a client has symptoms that do not meet the diagnostic criteria for a specific disorder but does not want to specify the reason why?

unspecified disorder

Research on the use of cognitive-behavioral therapy with older adults has found that it is:

usually most effective when it is conducted at a slower pace and at higher levels of abstraction.

Vestibule training would be most useful:

when on-the-job training would be too dangerous.

Transformational leaders:

induce followers to transcend self-interest for the sake of the organization.

With regard to information revealed by a client in the context of the client-therapist relationship, who is the "holder of the privilege"?

the client

Of the 6 to 10% of adults over 65 who have dementia, what percent have Alzheimer's disease?

65 to 75

During the first few sessions with a male client, you learn that he has trouble maintaining friendships and is disturbed by this since he doesn't like being alone, has frequent mood shifts, gets very angry about even minor irritations, isn't sure what he wants to do with his life, and has had three different jobs in the past two years. Based on this information, the best diagnosis is:

Borderline Personality Disorder.

Which of the following is true about sleep terrors and sleepwalking?

Both are usually followed by amnesia for the event.

A caller to a suicide helpline is most likely to be which of the following?

White female

Your new client, Elwood E., age 28, says that, for as long as he can remember, he has had trouble finishing projects because of his tendency to repeatedly check for mistakes and desire to achieve perfection in whatever he does. He says that, because of these tendencies, he received several "incompletes" when he was in college and was fired from his last job. Elwood also reports that he has constant thoughts and impulses that he knows are inappropriate, that make him very anxious, but that he cannot control. He says he's afraid he's going to hurt one of his family members by forgetting to turn off the stove or by accidentally leaving a door or window unlocked at night and that, for this reason, he spends a great deal of time checking and rechecking the stove, doors, and windows. Based on these symptoms, the most likely diagnosis or diagnoses for Elwood is/are:

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder.

An evaluator wants to assess the benefits received by client participation in a program. Which approach to program evaluation should they use?

Outcomes-based

The clinical course of AIDS dementia complex (ADC) is described in the literature in terms of six stages. For example, a person with AIDS who has unequivocal evidence of functional, intellectual, or motor impairment but is able to perform all but the most demanding aspects of activities of daily living and can walk without assistance is in which of the following stages?

Stage 1 (mild)

When using the DSM-5, level of severity of Intellectual Disability is based on:

The individual's adaptive functioning in conceptual, social, and practical domains.

Alcohol-Induced Sleep Disorder most often involves which of the following symptoms?

increased wakefulness, restless sleep, and vivid dreams

The primary function of the psychology licensing board is best described by which of the following?

establishment of minimal standards of competence

A practitioner of Rogers's client-centered therapy would use the Q-sort technique to:

evaluate a clients progress in therapy.

Shortly after a school psychologist begins working for a small rural school district, she finds that there are a number of children in a class for students with an Intellectual Disability who are emotionally disturbed but who appear to have an average or above average level of intelligence. The county has no class for emotionally disturbed children. The psychologist should:

evaluate each student and recommend an appropriate action regardless of available options.

Which of the following approaches in family therapy encourages the therapist to develop a "therapeutic triangle" with family members?

extended family systems therapy

Hypnagogic hallucinations are:

false perceptions that occur when falling asleep.

The traditional Hawaiian practice of ho'oponopono is best described as a:

family intervention.

The presence of which of the following symptoms would suggest a diagnosis of Conduct Disorder rather than a diagnosis of Oppositional Defiant Disorder?

frequent lying and running away from home

Research on the comorbidity of the eating disorders suggests that the rates of OCD, Social Phobia, and Specific Phobia are:

higher in individuals with Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa than in other individuals and that the onset of the anxiety disorder is most often prior to the onset of the eating disorder.

A female client says she frequently misperceives things and this has made her anxious about leaving home. For example, she often thinks she sees small animals at work when, in fact, the "animals" are actually inanimate objects such as books, coffee mugs, and office supplies. The woman's misperceptions are best described as:

illusions.

Some research suggests that racial identity has a greater impact than race itself on the therapeutic process. For instance, studies on African American therapy clients suggest they are most likely to prefer an African American therapist when they are in which stage of identity development?

immersion

Equity theory predicts that a husband will feel best about his marriage if:

in terms of their relationship, he perceives that his give/receive ratio is the same as the give/receive ratio of his wife.

Childhood-onset Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder:

is more common in boys than girls.

A nine-year old child with Panic Disorder:

is most likely to manifest his disorder as shortness of breath, chest pain, tachycardia, and school refusal.

Research on the impact of cultural identification on substance abuse among Native American youth has found that the risk for abuse is:

lowest for those who can adapt to both Native American and non-Native American cultures.

According to Super's lifespan model of career development, a major task of the ________ stage is to update one's skills through training.

maintenance

To encourage college students to participate in her research study, Dr. LaPlace offers students free admittance to a popular four-hour workshop ("Finding a Meaningful Relationship and Keeping It") that is offered by a colleage of hers. This policy:

may be acceptable as long as Dr. LaPlace is careful to clarify any risks, obligations, and so on with the students.

A meta-analysis of the research on expressed emotion and relapse by Butzlaff and Hooley (1998) found that high levels of expressed emotion by family members:

may be somewhat more predictive of relapse for patients with a mood or eating disorder than for patients with schizophrenia.

From the perspective of structural family therapy, triangulation, parent-child coalition, and detouring are:

methods for maintaining homeostasis.

Sue and his colleagues (2007) distinguish between three forms of racial microaggression. As described by these investigators, __________ is occurring when a White person says to an African-American individual, "When I look at you, I don't see color" or "There's only one race, the human race."

microinvalidation

A therapist relying on a solution-focused family therapy approach would be most interested in which of the following?

miracle and scaling questions

Studies investigating anxiety over the lifespan suggest that, when compared to younger adults, older adults are:

more likely to believe their symptoms are due to physical health problems.

The psychoanalyst Adolph Stern provided the first organized clinical description of the borderline patient. Of the ten basic characteristics Stern delineated, which of the following did he consider to be the most primary?

narcissism

Dr. Tout, a psychologist, has been asked to serve as a fact witness by the plaintiff's attorney. The plaintiff was in a car accident three months ago and is claiming that he has suffered from persistent emotional problems as a result of the accident. He has been seeing Dr. Tout in therapy for these problems for several weeks. During her testimony in court, Dr. Tout is asked by the plaintiff's attorney whether, in her opinion, the patient's emotional difficulties are directly related to the accident. Dr. Tout should:

not comply with the request unless she is ordered to do so by the court.

Research on Helms's White Racial Identity Development Model has shown that White therapists are most effective in cross-cultural counseling situations when they are in which stage of identity development?

the autonomy stage

Electroconvulsive shock therapy (ECT) is considered an effective intervention for severe depression that has not been responsive to other treatments or is accompanied by a high suicide risk. However, ECT also often produces adverse side effects including:

patchy anterograde amnesia and temporary retrograde amnesia.

According to the Health Belief Model, health behavior is related to:

perceived severity, perceived susceptibility, and perceived benefits.

According to Cross (2001), an African American adult in which of the following stages of identity development is likely to say that racial discrimination is not a contributor to his problems and that he prefers to see a White therapist?

pre-encounter

A man who smokes two packs a day says he has decided to stop smoking the day after his birthday, which is two weeks away. According to Prochaska and DiClemente (1992), this man is in which of the following stages of the change process?

preparation

When using the survey feedback method in an organization, the purpose of the feedback is to:

provide employees with information about the organization's strengths and weaknesses.

With regard to the termination of professional services, the Ethics Code requires psychologists to:

provide pretermination counseling and suggest alternative services.

A client says she is upset because her doctor has suggested she undergo tests for a possible hyperactive thyroid. She says she believes that doctors are always looking for excuses to perform unnecessary procedures in order to make more money. You should:

refer her to an endocrinologist to discuss the purpose of the tests.

During the first session with a client, you learn that he has a history of offenses that you find difficult to deal with and feel, therefore, that you would not like working with him. As an ethical psychologist you should:

refer the young man to another professional.

A psychologist is hired by an industrial development corporation to administer tests to help select key personnel. After being hired, the psychologist learns that the corporation is interested in screening potential employees for "homosexual tendencies," and he is asked by company management to administer a projective test for the purpose of assessing sexual orientation. The psychologist should:

refuse to administer the test and explain to management that it is inappropriate to utilize projective tests for this purpose.

According to Atkinson, Morten, and Sue's (1993) Racial/Cultural Identity Development Model, the resistance and immersion stage is characterized by:

rejection of the dominant group and preference for one's own group.

A graduate student is extremely anxious about a lecture he has to give to undergraduate students the next morning. To reduce his anxiety, he drinks two beers. According to Steele and Joseph (1990), the student's anxiety will actually increase in this situation if he:

relaxes and "does nothing."

Research by Kaye, Gendall, and Strober (1998) suggests that food restriction associated with Anorexia Nervosa reduces __________ levels.

serotonin

The function of the state licensing boards is probably best described as:

setting entry-level qualifications for licensure and monitoring the conduct of licensed psychologists.

For gay and lesbian adolescents, the primary presenting problem at social service agencies is:

social and emotional isolation.

In terms of sexual orientation, most men who receive a diagnosis of Transvestic Disorder identify themselves as:

solely or predominantly heterosexual.

As defined by Alfred Adler, __________ refers to a person's goals and the ways in which he or she attempts to achieve those goals.

style of life

A therapist is most likely to say that which of the following is the most stressful type of client behavior?

suicidal statements

The most effective intervention for cigarette smoking combines nicotine replacement therapy with:

support from a clinician and skills training.

You are working as a school psychologist. A teacher asks you to evaluate one of her students. After talking with the teacher and the student, you begin to suspect that the teacher is the one with the problem. As an ethical psychologist, you would:

talk to the teacher about your suspicions.

According to the APA'sGeneral Guidelines for Providers of Psychological Services,the term "psychological services" applies to all of the following except:

teaching psychology at a university.

A client you have been seeing in therapy for three months tells you that her former therapist made repeated sexual advances toward her. She tells you that she does not want you to say anything about it to anyone and that she just wants to "get over it." As an ethical psychologist, you should:

tell the client that you will maintain confidentiality.

If a health care provider is faced with a conflict between state law and the HIPAA requirements:

the HIPAA requirement would preempt state law when it provides the client with greater privacy protection or control over access to his/her records.

According to Donald Super, "career maturity" refers to:

the ability to accomplish the tasks of each stage of career development.