COMPTIA A+ 1101 Cards

How does IP assigning look in DNS code?

*website name* IN A *IP address*

Types of power provided by the motherboard? How many pins?

+3.3V +/-5V +/-12V 24pin, 20 was the OG

What IPs are reserved for local IPs?

.0 - .255

What are the first 4 of seven steps of printing with a laser printer?

1)Processing = send data to printer and render into memory 2)Charging = Negative charge to the photosensitive drum clears the drum 3)Exposing = positive charge (the image) applied with a laser 4)Developing = toner with negative charge sticks to drum

SATA versions?

1.0 = 1.5GBits/1m 2.0 = 3.0Gbits/1m 3.0 = 6.0Gbits/1m 3.2 = 16Gbits/1m

USB Stats?

1.1 = low speed1.5Mbits/s, 3m Full speed 12Mbits/s 5m 2.0 = 480Mbits/s 5m 3.0 = 5GB/s 3m no max cable length 3.1 = 10GB/s

How much AC power comes from outlets? What values of DC voltage does that translate to?

120(US) 60Hz/240(Europe) 50Hz 3.3V, 5V, 12V DC

PoEaf 2003?

15.4W DC, 350mA max current

How long is a IPv6 address?

16bitsx8 = 128bits

802.11a?

1999, 5Ghz freq, 54Mbits/s

What is long range fixed wireless, and what is it called with a directional antenna?

2 buildings connected with 802.11 with an antenna, called a point to point connection

802.11b?

2.4GHz, 11Mbits/s

802.11g?

2003, 2.4GHz, 54Mbits/s, backwards compatible with A and B

802.11n?

2009, WiFi4, 5GHz or 2.4GHz, 40MHz channel widths with 4 antennas, 600Mbits/s, MIMO

PoE+at 2009?

225W DC, 600mA

How many pins is USB-C? What makes it special?

24pins, can be used to transmit other signals (HDMI, DisplayPort)

Voltage of PCI?

3.3V and 5V

What are the common sizes of drives?

3.5in, 2.5in, M.2

What is the older type of headset connection? With what type of signal?

3.5mm TRRS (tip ring ring sleeve) with an analog signal

How does GPS work?

30 satellites in the air, your device needs to see 4 for accurate location

32bit vs 64bit?

32 = CPU has processing power of 2 to the 32 64 = 2 to the 64 OS has the max supported power

Type of communication of PCI?

32bit and 64bit parallel communication

How many pairs in an ethernet cable? What colors?

4 pairs, blue/bluewhite, green/greenwhite, orange/orangewhite, brown/brownwhite

What is a molex connector?

4 pin power connector, 12V and 5V

What is the NFC range?

4cm

Power needed for CPU?

4pins +12V

What are steps 5-7 in the laser printing process?

5)Transferring = toner applied to paper 6)Fusing = heat and pressure with the fuser melts the toner to paper 7)Cleaning = excess toner on photosensitive drum removed

Speed of DOCSIS?

50Mbits - 1000Mbits

What are statistics for satellite networking?

50Mbits download, 3Mbits upload, 250ms latency, 2GHz

Different coloring standards? Established by who?

568A/B, by the Telecommunication Industry Association

What are the different pin types for SATA?

7pin = data 15pin = power

What are traits of a RJ45 connector?

8 pins 8 conductors

Sizes of on board fans?

80mm, 120mm, 200mm

How long is a IPv4 address?

8bits.8bits.8bits.8bits, so 4 bytes long

USB 1.1/2.0 Connectors?

A = normal B = tall Mini B = small Micro B = normal

What can be on a CPU core?

A cache or a shared cache between the cores

What is the imaging drum in a laser printer?

A color photosensitive drum where the image is painted with a laser then picks up toner

What is a bus?

A communication path

What companies used GSM and how did it work?

AT+T and T-Mobile, has multiplexing

ATX vs ITX?

ATX = advanced technology extended ITX = mini

What are some traits of a proxy server?

Access control, caching, URL filtering

RR A? AAAA?

Address records for IPv4 and IPv6, defines the IP address for the host and translates to domain name

ARP?

Address resolution protocol that associates IP address with MAC address

ARM?

Advanced RISC machine, CPU architecture by ARM then 3rd party builds

AHCI?

Advanced host controlled interface, type of protocol, to move from drive to RAM

What is a demarcation point? Another name for it?

Also called demarc, when the public network becomes your network

What is an Amp?

Ampere (A) = rate of e- past a point in one second (diameter of a hose)

What is meant by sandboxing? Snapshots with it?

An isolated testing environment created by the VM, so you can test and not affect anything else, can also take snapshots (save) the VM in that state so you can go back to your save

What does API mean?

Application programming interface

ASIC?

Application specific integrated circuit, piece of hardware designed for a specific function Ex: digital voice recorder

ARM vs 64bit?

Arm good for mobile devices, line blurring between the two

ADSL?

Asymmetric digital subscriber line, because the download speed is greater than the upload speed

Audio probles?

Audio controls on front of monitor, see what is feeding audio to the monitor

What is the DHCP and where is it located?

Automatic IP config and is on most home routers

What is a ADF?

Automatic document feeder

APIPA?

Automatic private IP addressing, when the DHCP isn't available

What are the types of keys for PCIe?

B key, M key, and M and B key based on the motherboard

What happens after the POST?

BIOS looks for the boot drive and boot loader

Poor batter health for mobile devices?

Bad reception, bad battery, other apps, other connections

BIOS?

Basic input output system, the software to start your computer

Swollen battery?

Battery failed and builds up gas

How to troubleshoot problems with the POST?

Beeps/code on screen, refer to documentation of motherboard code, BIOS config or hardware could be bad

What is a hub? Communication?

Before switches, data goes into one port and is sent to all other ports, half-duplex

How to solve Windows stop error?

Blue screen of death, restart system or see event log where it happened in the past, look at stop code and find info about it

BOOTP?

Bootstrap protocol, allowed some IP config, no idea when the device leaves the network

What are the steps of the troubleshooting process before fixing the problem?

Broken > Identify the problem > Establish a theory > Test the theory > Not working? Go back to Establish

Different types of LCD backlights?

CCFL = cold cathode fluorescent lamp LED

What is another name for SMB?

CIFS = common internet file system

Rule of thumb for sizing a power supply?

Calculate the amount of power (W) needed and double, 50% capacity

What is an event viewer?

Can also see more information about printer processes

Why would you want a DHCP reservation?

Can config IP on the DHCP server rather than have to do each device

What are boot options?

Can modify hardware that is accessible to the OS, can also modify the boot order

What does hot-swappable mean?

Can switch the power supply without powering down the server

What kind of stylus' are there?

Capacitive stylus = touch pen Active stylus = apple pencil, can communicate independently of the screen

What are the moving parts in an inkjet printer?

Carriage and belt

What is a file server?

Centralized storage device for any type of files

Traits of an inkjet printer?

Cheaper, ink is expensive and proprietary, ink fades rapidly over time, clogs easily

How to solve problems with intermittent shutdown?

Check Windows event viewer, also could be a heat related issue, failing hardware problems (use system diagnostics), can eliminate what IS working to find out what isn't

What to check if you have image quality problems?

Check cable and cable pins

Improper charging of mobile device?

Check cable, check interface, verify power adapter and proper outlet voltage

How to solve Mac OS X spinning wait cursor?

Check console logs

Distorted image?

Check resolution settings, check which resolution and refresh rate monitor supports, check cables, disable hardware acceleration

How to solve issues with sluggish performance?

Check task manager and see CPU/memory, need enough space for OS to work properly, see if it is an application causing issues, for laptops see if if its a power saver mode or thermal throttling

What are things to do when establishing a theory?

Check the simple stuff first, what is the root cause, list possible causes and start with the easiest theories to test

Doubled images in a laser printer?

Cleaning process problem

What do different types of sounds mean for a problem?

Computers should hum not grind Rattling = something not properly fastened Clicking = fan problems Popping = blown capacitor (will be bulging on top)

What are the steps for creating a plan of action?

Confirm theory solved the problem, make sure you have rollback if it doesn't work, refer to documentation when making that kind of fix and identify other potential effects of that change

How does a patch panel work logistically?

Connect everyone on the floor to a patch panel (permanent connection), have this panel connect with RJ45 connectors than you can change easily

What is tethering?

Connecting to a phone via a cable to use the cellular network for access

What does the DNS do? Who runs it?

Converts web address names to IP addresses and vice versa, usually managed by ISP or IT enterprise

What is a cable modem?

Copper cable connection for TV and internet, broadband connection, allows for the transmission of different data types across multiple frequencies

What do the components of optical fiber cables do?

Core = has a high refractive index Cladding = low refractive index (light won't bounce) Buffer coating = protection

What are the colors of toner?

Cyan magenta yellow and black

What is meant by CMYK?

Cyan magenta yellow and key color (black)

What are the steps of DORA?

D = discover = device broadcasts to find DHCP server O = offer = DHCP offers IP as a broadcast to the device R = request = device requests that IP offered A = accept = DHCP accepts offer and device is assigned IP

What do you connect to serial consoles?

D-sub, DB-9 RS232

What was used before USB connectivity and with what kind of signal? How many pins?

DB-9 cable with RS232 signal, 9pin

Examples of UDP?

DHCP = dynamic host config protocol TFTP = trivial file transfer protocol

What is DORA?

DHCP IP assignment steps that happen every time a device connects

What does duplex mean?

Data can be sent in both directions at the same time

DOCSIS?

Data over cable service interface specification

What is DaaS?

Desktop as a service, OS running in the cloud

What is the electrical ground?

Determines if the voltage is positive or negative

How does a reservation work?

Device will always get the same IP and the IP isn't ever dynamically assigned, based on device MAC address

What is multithreading?

Different processes happening on the same CPU, 15-30% increase in throughput

DSL? How does it work and distance?

Digital subscriber line, telephone wire for internet, speed gets worse the farther away you get from the central office

DVI?

Digital visual interface, supports analog and digital signal but no audio

How would you run ethernet cables outside?

Direct burial STP, which has waterproofing and waterproof gel

Another name for GPU?

Discrete graphics card

DMARC?

Domain based message authentication reporting and conformance, an extension of SPF and DKIM, where you decide what to do with mail that doesn't verify

DKIM?

Domain keys identified mail, to digitally sign outgoing mail

DNS?

Domain name system udp/53 converts web addresses to IPs and vice versa

How does an impact printer work?

Dot-matrix printer, printhead presses pins into ink ribbon to mark the paper, using tractor-feed paper to feed paper through the printer

What is an optical drive?

Drive that reads small bumps/colors on a disc, DVD Blue Ray CD rom

Garbled print?

Driver problem, PCL vs PostScript

What is multichannel memory?

Dual, triple, quad core CPU spreads load through memory channels, ideal to have the same type of memory in each slot

What is the D of DHCP mean?

Dynamic = IP is chosen from the pool with a lease, and the DHCP will give a past assignment if applicable

DHCP?

Dynamic host configuration protocol udp/67/68 assigns IP address settings to local machines

What is DRAM?

Dynamic random access memory, has to be constantly refreshed so data doesn't disappear, the small black boxes on RAM

What type of memory is a flash drive?

EEPROM = electrically erasable programmed read only memory

What is a SCSI ID?

Each device in SCSI has a LUN, separates devices and also is used for a VM

What is needed for IP networking?

Each device needs a unique IPv4 address and subnet mask

Spam gateway?

Email is sent to the firewall to be screened in the spam subnet before it reaches the user

SSL offload?

Encryption and decryption happening on a load balancer

What is a concentrator?

Encrypts and decrypts data for a VPN, often found in the firewall

What must you do when using SCSI?

End with a terminator

Types of power sources for PoE?

Endspan = power comes from the switch Midspan = in-line power that is injected between the device and the switch

What does EDGE stand for?

Enhanced data rates for GSM evolution

How to solve a black screen after Windows loads?

Enter VGA mode (works with almost every monitor), see if issue is with the monitor or the device itself

What is ECC?

Error correcting code, motherboard supported, detects errors in memory and corrects

What are the steps of the troubleshooting process once you have a theory that fixes the problem?

Establish a plan of action > implement the plan > verify full system functionality > document the findings

RJ45 connector?

Ethernet connector

10GBASE-T?

Ethernet standard Cat6 = unshielded 55m shielded 100m Cat6a = 100m

1000BASE-T?

Ethernet standard, Cat5 100m and Cat5e 100m

How does the labeling system work for types of ethernet cables?

Ex: Braided shield around all of the cable and foil around the pairs? S/FTP

What is eSATA?

External SATA

What are fire rated cable jackets? Fact?

FEP = fluorinated ethylene polymer PVC = low smoke polyvinyl chloride Not as flexible

What is at the end of a fiber cable?

Ferrule = a large ceramic protector

FTP?

File transfer protocol tcp/20 tcp/21 file transfer between systems

Different types of power supplies?

Fixed = have X amount of connectors Modular = add cables as needed, more expensive

What is a key fact about ports? About TCP and UDP using ports?

For communication, not security TCP and UDP can use the same port numbers at the same time

What is FDM?

Fused deposition modeling, 3D printer filament used to create models

What is a fuser?

Fuses the toner to paper with heat and pressure

What is built into CPUs as well?

GPU and memory controller

What were the 2G networks? What did they stand for?

GSM = global system for mobile communication CDMA = code division multiple access

How to troubleshoot for disc failures?

Get a backup, check for damaged cables to motherboard, check for overheating, check power supply, do hardware diagnostics

What are things to do when identifying the problem?

Get as much information as possible, duplicate the issue if possible, figure out all the symptoms of the problem, see what changes have happened since it was working, approach each symptom as its own problem, make a backup, see log files of application/OS

How do channels work with 802.11?

Groups of frequencies are used with non-overlapping usage being ideal

What is the standard web browsing protocol and code?

HTTP/HTTPS is the standard protocol, HTML/HTML5 is the language of how the page is built

Examples of TCP?

HTTPS = hypertext transfer protocol secure SSH = secure shell

Why is it important to build your own VM?

Hackers always are trying to get you to download their VM software

What is a print server?

Hardware or software so everyone can print

HSM?

Hardware security module, high end cryptographic function, key backup for servers, also can offload cryptographic functions from servers here

How does proxying internet traffic work?

Have an intermediary server that scans for malicious data from the internet before coming back to the client

Broken display of mobile device?

Have to replace entire screen, make a backup

What is the frequency of AC measured in?

Hertz (Hz)

HDMI? Type of connector?

High definition multimedia interface, video and audio, 20m, 19pin type A connector

PostScript?

High end printing, Adobe

What does the difference in frequency mean for a wireless network in terms of range?

Higher frequency = more objects in the way will absorb therefore less range Lower frequency = objects will bounce the signal therefore more range

Why has SCSI moved from PATA to SATA?

Higher throughput with point to point connection, control and management of SCSI with speed of serial connection

HTT?

Hyper threading technology, both the CPU and OS have to support

HTTP/HTTPS?

Hypertext transfer protocol (secured) tcp/80 tcp/443

What is needed for MX?

IN MX *mail.mydomain.name* jack.mydomain.name IN A *IP address of mail server*

What is a lease?

IP lease, meaning the device only has the assigned IP address for a certain amount of time before it has to check back in with the DHCP

What is a subnet IP?

IP used by the local device to determine what subnet it is on, not transmitted across the network

What is burn in? Pixel shift?

Image burned into screen after being there for a while, pixel shift will occasionally shift the pixels of the screen to prevent burn in

What are the DNS lookup tools?

In the command console, dig *website name*, nslookup *website name*

What does ISM stand for?

Industrial scientific medical

What is non-volatile storage?

Info will stay on the drive when turned off

What is IaaS/HaaS?

Infrastructure as a service/Hardware as a service, where you outsource the equipment needed for your application (buy time on someone else's hardware)q

What are three layers of devices?

Infrastructure layer = data plane of that device (forwarding, encrypting) Control layer = the brain (routing table, session table) Application layer/management = manage device using an API

Bad lines down printed page?

Inkjet = clean printhead Laser = scratch on photosensitive drum

What is IOPS?

Input/output operations per second, to measure drive reading and writing preformance

Internal cloud vs external cloud?

Internal = you have all the resources, cost is up front but you don't have to pay as you go External = someone else has all the resources but payment usually necessary

What is a redundant power supply for?

Internal to the server to keep uptime, both can handle the load in case one fails, distribute the load equally usually

IMAP?

Internet message access protocol v4 tcp/143 manage email from multiple clients

IoT?

Internet of things, fridge, thermostat

What is a load balancer?

It can distribute the load across servers, can change protocols, also have prioritization for QoS

What is meant by a partition?

Keeping company data and private data separate

What is a RAID array?

Keeps uptime incase a drive fails, redundant array of independent discs

What type of connections can connect to a router?

LAN, WLAN, copper, fiber

Native resolution? Ratio?

LCD looks best with monitor's native resolution, use the same ratio if you don't want to use native

Anatomy of optical fiber?

LED on one end receiver on another Buffer coating > cladding > core

Legacy BIOS vs UEFI BIOS?

Legacy = OS talked to hardware through BIOS, text based, no way to update UEFI = unified extensible firmware interface, standardized BIOS

What uses +5V?

Legacy motherboards

What uses -5V?

Legacy systems

LDAP?

Lightweight directory access protocol tcp/389 Store and retrieve info in network directory

LCI?

Liquid contact indicator, so manufacturer can know if you got the phone wet

What does LCD stand for and how does it work?

Liquid crystal display, light shines through liquid filters

What is content switching?

Load balancer application based switching, load balancer decides which server can respond best

LUN?

Logical unit

What is the problem with 2.4GHz frequency?

Lots of other devices use this frequency (baby monitor, phones, bluetooth)

Faded prints?

Low ink or toner

RR MX?

Mail exchanger record, determines the host name for a mail server

Where is an impact printer used?

Mainframes

What is important when editing the BIOS?

Make a backup of settings first

What is a solution to missing drives in the OS?

Make sure drive is seated properly, make sure its recognized in BIOS

How to solve a power issue?

Make sure outlet is providing power with multimeter, see if anything is getting power in the system (fans may be getting enough power but motherboard may not)

What is VM escaping?

Malware gets into VM and can get to your other OS'

What is a heat sink?

Metal alloy with specific shape, uses passive air to cool

What is meant by metered vs non-metered?

Metered = Pay as you use the service, for how much you are using Non-metered = cost up front, and you can use as much or as little of what you pay for

MAN?

Metropolitan area network, larger than a LAN smaller than a WAN

RAID 1?

Mirroring, files duplicated on both drives, high redundancy

What does MDM stand for? And do?

Mobile device management, companies can manage user devices through one console

What uses +3.3V?

Modern motherboards, M.2 slots, RAM slots

Dim image?

Monitor settings, backlight failure, power saver or time of day

Incorrect color display?

Monitor settings, driver or config of OS, night light

How to solve date and time being incorrect?

Motherboard battery replace, motherboard reset

How do you check the AC?

Multimeter

What are the different types of optical fiber?

Multimode = short range, inexpensive, multiple reflections (modes) because the fiber is wide enough Single mode = long range, expensive light source (laser), single mode with no bouncing

What does multiplexing mean?

Multiple data signals use the same channel without interference

What is MIMO?

Multiple input multiple output

What does MPLS mean?

Multiprotocol label switching, connecting a WAN by using other connections along the way, providing a path

NFC? What are the traits of NFC?

Near field communication, mobile device can have a 2 way conversation with another device, short range with encryption support

What is special about shielded twister pairs?

Need a grounding wire

What does NAT mean?

Network address translation

NetBIOS?

Network basic input output system udp/137 tcp/139 is not used anymore

NIC?

Network interface card

How does port mirroring work?

Network monitoring, mirror a port and send packets through the mirror to see what is going on

Different names for all in one security appliance?

Next gen firewall UTM = unified threat management device

How does UDP work?

No formal setup process, no confirmation of data sent, for real time communication

What are the different kinds of ports?

Non-ephemeral (permanent port) = same port for the same service Ephemeral = client side port that changes

What is satellite networking?

Non-terrestrial communication, often expensive

NVMe?

Non-volatile memory express, for SSD

Boot problem solutions?

Not booting from normal startup drive, check BIOS config and boot order

What does in the clear mean?

Not encrypted

What is another name for the photosensitive drum?

OPC

What uses -12V?

Older serial ports, some PCI cards

How does 802.11 ad hoc work for printers?

One device controls the printer, then all other devices connect to this to print

ONT?

Optical network terminal, fiber cable connects to box outside location to convert it to copper

What is OFDMA?

Orthogonal frequency division multiple access, works like cellular to improve high density situations

What uses +12V?

PCIe, hard drive motors

What is a secured print?

PIN is needed on the printer console to print

What is the traditional cable jacket?

PVC = polyvinyl chloride

DisplayPort?

Packetized form compatible with HDMI and DVI

What is secure boot?

Part of UEFI, digital signatures on software to make sure not malware, prevents unauthorized writing to flash

PCIe? Facts?

Peripheral component express, x1 x2 x4 x8 full duplex lanes, more bandwidth because more lanes

What does PCI stand for?

Peripheral component interconnect, legacy

What are headers?

Peripheral connections between PC case power buttons, etc.

What is a tap?

Physical port tap to see the data going over the wire, you place this in the middle of a connection

What is the pickup roller and separation pad?

Picks up one page from the tray, both help in this process

What are cable crimpers?

Pinches connector on cables, like for RJ45

Network troubleshooting? Follow the path?

Ping loopback = internal IP of device Ping local IP address Ping default gateway Ping devices on router's other side

Dead pixel?

Pixel no longer works, have to replace the monitor

What is the anatomy of a coaxial cable?

Plastic jacket > metal shielding >dielectric insulator > wire conductor

What is PaaS?

Platform as a service, someone provides the application platform but you need your own development team, develop what you want from what the platform gives you

What is meant by plenum vs non-plenum?

Plenum = the air space above drop down ceilings (often cabling done here) Need to have special cables if you don't have forced air return otherwise toxic gas from fire

How is a WAN connecred?

Point to point serial connections, MPLS, terrestrial and non-terrestrial communication

Intel vs AMD?

Popular CPU manufacturers, AMD tends to be less expensive

Port flapping?

Port connection issues

POP3?

Post office protocol v3 tcp/110 mail just on one device

Liquid damage to mobile device?

Power off, let dry out completely

POST?

Power on self test, the BIOS is checking to make sure you have CPU, memory, video, input device

PoE?

Power over ethernet, data and power in one cable

What is PRL? How does it update?

Preferred roaming list, so your cell phone can connect to the right tower, updates OTA (over the air)

PCL?

Printer command language (Hewitt Packard)

What are the four cloud deployment models?

Private = your own virtualized data center Public = anyone has access Hybrid = private and public application instances Community = several organizations chip in for resources

What is an embedded device? Fact?

Purpose build device, usually with no access to command console

What does QoS mean?

Quality of service

What are queries and traps?

Queries = seeing how the network is functioning over time Traps = Alerts with problems or changes

What type of memory is used for the BIOS?

ROM = read only memory, legacy Flash memory now

What is an important feature of DNS servers?

RR, resource records

RFID? How does it work?

Radio frequency identification, using radar technology, radio energy powers a chip and therefore antenna

What are the key cloud computing characteristics?

Rapid elasticity = increase/decrease computing at will Highly available = redundancy provides availability File synchronization = access anywhere in world

What is a thermal printer and how does it work?

Receipts, special white paper reacts to full length heating element

RDP?

Remote desktop protocol tcp/3389 Share desktop for remote location

Flashing screen?

Replace the cable/loose cable, make sure monitor settings match video driver

How does TCP work?

Requires formal setup/teardown process to establish protocol, called a reliable system because will make sure data reaches server, also has flow control to make sure one side is not getting data too quickly

How does a resin 3D printer work?

Resin is heated/fused with a lightsource, print bed will go up and down dipping into resin to create model, print will hang from the printbed

What does a router do?

Routes traffic between different IP subnets

Testing the printer for problems?

Run a test page

VM support?

Run another OS within the single hardware platform, can be added to the CPU

What are types of flash drives?

SD = secure digital XD picture card Compact flash

SDR vs DDR?

SDR = single data rate memory 1 clock cycle = one bit of data DDR = double data rate = twice in a single clock cycle

What are the Windows and Apple file servers?

SMB = server message block AFP = apple filing protocol

What are the standard printing protocols?

SMB = server message block IPP = internet printing protocol LPD = line printing daemon

SSH?

Secure shell tcp/22 encrypted communication for command console

SIEM?

Security information and event manager, the central logging server

Troubleshooting RAID problems?

See the status of RAID drives before you start pulling drives with RAID console

How to solve a problem with continuous reboots?

See where reboot is happening and document, boot from the last known working config, can try safe mode and see if the drivers recently installed are causing it

What are audit logs for a printer?

See who printed to the printer, what type of paper was used, how many pages

What is SMART?

Self monitoring analysis and reporting technology, see statistics of storage device with application

SPF?

Sender policy framework, list of email servers allowed to send messages with your domain name

What does a switch do?

Sends info based on MAC address, is the core of an enterprise network

What does SATA stand for?

Serial advanced technology connection

SAS?

Serial attached SCSI, no terminators or config settings needed for this

SDI?

Serial digital interface, for capture card, coaxial cable

SMB?

Server message block tcp/445 Windows file sharing and printer sharing

What is a web server and how does it work?

Server to respond to browser requests, the web page is stored on the server and downloaded to the browser

How does network addressing work with VMs?

Shared network address = VM uses the address as the host, using network address translation to have the same IP Bridged network address = every VM has its own network address Private address = No address on the network, no network address translation

SMTP?

Simple mail transfer protocol tcp/25 only sending mail not receiving

SNMP?

Simple network management protocol Queries udp/161 Traps udp/162

Types of DVI?

Single link = 3.7Gbps HDTV 60fps Dual link = 7.4Gbps HDTV 80fps DVI-A/D = Analog/digital DVI-I = integrated, both analog and digital

SCSI?

Small computer systems interface, can daisy chain together, supports parallel and serial

What is SaaS?

Software as a service, don't have to build or deploy application, just use it, Office 365 GMail

SDN?

Software defined networking, taking switches, routers, etc. and making them software

What is a built in print server?

Software on the printer itself, where jobs are queued and managed on the printer

What is a conduit?

Something that the cable runs through, like for outside

STP? (protocol)

Spanning Tree Protocol, prevents loops in a LAN

RAID 10?

Speed of striping with redundancy of mirroring, mirror all drives used

USB 3.0 Connectors?

Standard A Standard B Micro B (weird)

What is a Syslog?

Standard for message logging so you can see what is happening with all the servers

What is +5VSB?

Standby voltage for hibernating mode

What is SLA?

Stereolithography, how a filament 3D printer creates in layers

SAN?

Storage area network

How do you clear a boot password?

Stored in CMOS (complementary metal-oxide semiconductor), reset with jumper shorting the motherboard (2pins)

RAID 5?

Striping with parity, parts of data scattered across drives with parity on the off ones, need at least 3 drives highly redundant

What happens with RAID 0?

Striping, 2 drives with all the data split between them, high performance no redundancy

SCADA/ICS? Fact?

Supervisory control and data acquisition system, industrial control system, so you can control machines with a computer, usually segmented from the rest of the network

SPAN?

Switch port analyzer

What is an unmanaged switch?

Switch with no config options, no management protocols, just plug in and play

SDRAM?

Synchronous DRAM, will sync with common system clock and queue processes for the RAM

What are the DHCP renewal stages?

T1 timer = after 50% of lease time, device will check with DHCP for full time RENEWAL T2 timer = DHCP was down for T1, 87.5% of the lease time will check in for REBINDING with DHCPq

What are the two types of IP payloads? What do they stand for?

TCP = transmission control protocol UDP = user datagram protocol

Why not just have the IP payload?

TCP and UDP allow for multiplexing with different applications and ports

Difference between different LCD types?

TN = better response time, bad wide angles, low power IPS = better colors, more expensive, good angles VA = best contrast, bad angles

What are the types of LCD and what do they stand for?

TN = twisted nemantic IPS = in plane switching VA = vertical alignment

What is a reliability monitor?

Take the info of the event viewer and put it into a graph

What is a port mirror?

Tap function that is built into a switch, copy an interface and then usually send this data to an analyzer, a software based tap

What is an RJ11 connector?

Telephone or DSL connector

RR TXT?

Text records for email security and authentication

How does a TXT record work to authenticate that an email came from an authorized mail server?

The TXT RR in the DNS is matched with TXT email sent, to verify domain ownership

What is the hypervisor?

The VM manager, usually requiring a CPU to support it, will manage CPU, networking, security for the VM

What are the different parts of a IPv6 address?

The first 64bits is the network address, the second 64 is the host address

What is change control for?

The formal process for managing changes, to avoid downtime, confusion, mistakes, and to have a rollback plan, following corporate policy and procedures

What is a cache?

The load balancer can cache data so web requests don't have to go down to the server level

What is a TCP offload?

The load balancer can offload in TCP protocol, for a constant connection

What is parity?

The memory checks itself for errors by making an even number of 1s

What is the scope of DHCP?

The pool of IP addresses to choose from, with each subnet having its own scope

Authentication server?

The same login being used for multiple servers is managed here

Difference between thermal paste and a thermal pad?

Thermal paste better and reusable but messy

What are motherboard traits for a laptop?

Thermal throttling, motherboard built to fit

What type of paper is used in a thermal printer?

Thermochromic paper

Latency?

Time between request and response

What does TIL mean?

Time to live, how long the device caches the DNS info

What was the purpose of 4G? What did it stand for?

To combine GSM and CDMA, LTE = long term evolution

What is a loopback plug?

To connect a device to itself, to see if it is an interface problem

Why is the twist/pairs important?

To counteract interference

Why is it important to document your findings?

To establish a database so that if the problems happens again you will know what to do

What is important about using ethernet with a punch down block?

To maintain the twist in the ethernet cables as long as you can

What is the purpose of the default gateway?

To route outside your subnet

What is the battery on the motherboard used for today?

To store date and time when system is not connected to power

What is a cable tester used for?

To tell if you are missing pins or have mixed up wires

What is a time domain reflectometer?

Tool for testing for signal loss, cross talk

What is SSL?

Transport layer security

TPM?

Trusted platform module, helps with encryption and decryption, cryptographic processor with persistent memory, key burned into it during production

How to troubleshoot a new storage drive?

Try different SATA interfaces and see if they work, try on a different computer

DDR3?

Twice the data rate as DDR2 = 16GB/DIMM Also DDR4 and 5

What type of cable is ethernet?

Twisted pair copper cabling

What is a coaxial cable? Type of cable?

Two or more forms of communication sharing a common standard (TV cable), RG-6 cable common with F connector

PoEbt 2018?

Type 3 = 51W 600mA Type 4 = 71.3W 960mA

Ethernet cable type abbreviations?

U = unshielded S = braided shield F = foil shield

What can a next gen firewall do?

URL filter/content inspection Malware inspection Spam filter Router Switch Firewall Intrusion detection/prevention system Bandwidth shaper with app priority

What are the types of twisted pair?

UTP = unshielded twisted pair (most common) STP = shielded twisted pair (for interference prevention)

Spam server?

Unsolicited messages sent here

How to solve blue screens or spontaneous shutdowns?

Use a backup, system restore, previous driver versions, safe mode, remove or reseat components you have installed, hardware diagnostics

What are things for verifying full system functionality?

Use a set of tests, usually defined prior to the testing environment, and implement preventive measures so the problem won't occur again

What is a tone generator/probe?

Used to find which cable you want, generator attached to one end then probe to find the sound

What is a punch down tool? Important fact?

Used to punch wire into a punch down block, make sure you have the key for the block

What is a WiFi analyzer?

Used to understand frequencies on the network, which frequencies are used and open, used to find best antenna locations and if there is interference

Traits about bluetooth?

Uses 2.4GHz band, the unlicensed ISM band

What is special about CCFL?

Uses AC power when the computer requires DC, so need an inverter

What are characteristics of optical fiber?

Uses frequencies of light, high speed long distance, expensive compared to copper, secure/interference resistant because cannot be tapped with RF

What types of video/data connections need converters?

VGA to DVI-D USB to ethernet USB-C to USB-A

What is a managed switch?

VLAN support, traffic priority options, redundancy support, port mirroring and protocol analyzing, external management (SNMP)

Jitter?

VOIP or streaming, real time communication sensitive to delay, want frames at regular intervals

Types of virtualization?

VT = intel virtualization AMD-V = AMD virtualization

How to solve a black screen?

Verify monitor settings and cables, replace with a working monitor and see if it still happens

What companies used CDMA? How did it work?

Verizon and Sprint, each person used a different code

VGA? Facts?

Video graphics array with DB-1 connector, blue color, video no audio, analog signal, image degrades after 5-10m

What is VLAN?

Virtual Local Area Network, can divide different LANs

What is VDI?

Virtual desktop infrastructure

Why would you want to run a VM?

Virtual machine can be used for legacy OS needed for legacy software

What is a VPN?

Virtual private network for encrypting data while traversing a public network

What is a Volt?

Voltage (V) = how much force is pushing e- through (pressure)

What is power and how do you calculate it?

Watts (W) = real power usage V(electirc) x A(device) = W

What is rain fade?

When the satellite loses its line of sight when raining

802.11ac?

WiFi5, 2014, 5GHz, 160MHz channels, eight MU-MIMO, 7GB/s

802.11ax?

WiFi6, 2021, 5GHz or 2.4GHz, many different channel widths, 1201Mbits/channel, 8 bidirectional MU-MIMO, OFDMA

What is fast startup?

Windows doesn't shut down all the way and therefore cannot access BIOS

Wired device sharing?

Wired connection to printer, USB type A on computer and USB type B on printer

What is WISP?

Wireless internet service provider, for rural locations, with an outdoor antenna

What are common devices on a SOHO?

Wireless router, switch, firewall

Anatomy of direct burial STP?

With optional waterproof gel

Traits about IaaS/HaaS?

You are still responsible for the management, software, and security of your product

How do you see a TXT record of a domain?

dig *domainname* txt nslookup type=txt *domainname*

Telnet?

tcp/23 in the clear remote command console access

What are the different SNMP versions?

v1 = 1 query at a time in the clear v2 = bulk transfers in the clear v3 = message integrity added, auth, encryption

Thunderbolt versions?

v1 = 2 channel 10GB/channel v2 = 20GB/s aggregate channel v3 = USB-C connector 40GB/s copper and fiber