COMPTIA+ Ch. 18 quiz

Bash shell

The default shell used by the terminal for many distributions of Linux.

iwconfig

A Linux and macOS command similar to ifconfig that applies only to wireless networks. Use it to display information about a wireless interface and configure a wireless adapter.

chmod

A Linux and macOS command to change modes (or permissions) for a file or directory.

chown

A Linux and macOS command to change the owner of a file or directory.

sudo

A Linux and macOS command to execute another command as a superuser when logged in as a normal user with an account that has the right to use root commands. Sudo stands for "substitute user to do the command."

apt-get

A Linux and macOS command to install and remove software packages and install OS updates.

su

A Linux and macOS command to open a new terminal shell for a different user account; su stands for "substitute user."

su (substitute user or switch user)

A Linux and macOS command to open a new terminal shell for a different user account; su stands for "substitute user."

grep

A Linux and macOS command to search for and display a specific pattern of characters in a file or multiple files.

Remote Disc

A feature of macOS that gives other computers on the network access to the Mac's optical drive.

First Aid

A macOS tool in the Disk Utility group of tools that scans a hard drive or other storage device for file system errors and repairs them.

JavaScript

A scripting language normally used to create scripts for webpages; the scripts are embedded in an HTML file to build an interactive webpage in a browser.

basic loop

A scripting or programming technique to execute the same group of commands multiple times until a condition is met.

dynamic type checking

A technique in scripting and programming whereby each command line is checked by the command interpreter software to verify that the command can be executed.

shell scripts

A text file of Linux commands that can be executed as a batch.

PowerShell script

A text file of PowerShell commands that can be executed as a batch.

Python script

A text file of Python commands that can be executed as a batch.

superuser

A user who is logged in to the root account.

gestures

An action performed on the Mac trackpad using one or more fingers.

HFS+ (Hierarchical File System Plus)

An older macOS file system for macOS 10.12 and earlier versions that uses a proprietary Apple partitioning system. Also called the Mac OS Extended file system.

Windows as a service

Beginning with Windows 10, the Microsoft strategy to deploy Windows and then provide ongoing, incremental updates to service the OS with no end-of-life limitation.

environmental variable

Data the OS makes available to a script or program for use during its execution. Also called a system variable.

clone

In Linux and macOS, an image of the entire partition on which the OS is installed.

root account

In Linux and macOS, the account that gives the user access to all the functions of the OS; the principal user account.

shell prompt

In Linux and macOS, the command prompt in the terminal.

dd

In Linux and macOS, the command to copy and convert files, directories, partitions, and entire DVDs or hard drives. You must be logged in as a superuser to use the command.

Terminal

In Linux and macOS, the command-line interface. In macOS, it is accessed through the ______________ utility in the Applications group of the Finder window.

Live CD

In Linux, a CD, DVD, or flash drive that can boot up a live version of Linux, complete with Internet access and all the tools you normally have available in a hard drive installation of Linux; however, the OS is not installed on the hard drive.

forced kill

In Linux, to abruptly end an app without allowing the app to go through its close process.

snapshots

In macOS, a backup created by Time Machine that is stored on the hard drive when the computer is not connected to backup media and copied to backup media when connectivity is restored.

Keychain

In macOS, a built-in password manager utility.

DMG file

In macOS, a disk image file similar to WIM or ISO files in Windows.

login items

In macOS, a program that automatically launches after a user logs in. Login items are managed in the Users & Groups utility in System Preferences.

System Preferences

In macOS, a utility to customize the macOS interface; it is available on the Apple menu.

Screen Sharing

In macOS, a utility to remotely view and control a Mac; it is similar to Remote Desktop in Windows.

Space

In macOS, one desktop screen. Multiple desktops or Spaces can be open and available to users.

APFS (Apple File System)

In macOS, the default file system for SSDs; it can also be used for magnetic hard drives. APFS uses the GUID partitioning system.

Apple menu

In macOS, the menu that appears when the user clicks the Apple icon in the upperleft corner of the screen.

Spotlight

In macOS, the search app that can be configured to search the local computer, Wikipedia, iTunes, the Maps app, the web, and more.

force quit

In macOS, to abruptly end an app without allowing the app to go through its close process.

strings

In scripting and programming, a type of data that can contain any character but cannot be used for calculations.

integers

In scripting and programming, a type of data that is a whole number.

PowerShell ISE

Software used to create, edit, and test PowerShell scripts. ISE stands for Integrated Scripting Environment.

GRUB (GR and Unified Bootloader)

The current Linux boot loader, which can handle dual boots with another OS installed on the system.

ext4 (fourth extended file system)

The current Linux file system, which replaced the ext3 file system.

run-time environment

The environment provided by the operating system in which commands contained in a script file are interpreted and executed.

Finder

The macOS utility used to find and view applications, utilities, files, storage devices, and network resources available to macOS. Finder is similar to Windows File Explorer.

Launchpad

The macOS utility used to launch and uninstall applications.

variable

The name of one item of data used in a script or program.

Comment syntax

The text in a script or program that tags a line as documentation so it is not interpreted as a command in the script or program.