Computer Concepts Ch 1-4
memory
holding area for data, instructions, and information.
Secondary storage
holds data and programs even after electric power to the computer system has been turned off. The most important kinds are hard disks, solid-state storage, and optical discs.
random-access memory (RAM)
holds the program and data that is currently being processed. This type of memory is sometimes referred to as temporary storage because its contents will typically be lost if the electric power to the computer is disrupted. also known as PRIMARY STORAGE.
domain name
indicates the specific address where the resource is located.
Consumer to Consumer (C2C)
individuals selling to individuals. One of the most widely used auction sites is eBay.com
initially launched by a student at Harvard University for college students in 2004. By 2008 it was the most widely used social networking site
Business t Business (B2B)
involves the sale of a product or service from one business to another. This is typically a manufacturer-supplier relationship. For example, a furniture manufacturer requires raw materials such as wood, paint, and varnish.
Business to consumer (B2C)
involves the sale of a product or service to the general public or end users. It is the fastest-growing type of e-commerce. Most widely used applications: online banking, financial trading, and shopping. Amazon.com is one of the most widely used sites.
General Purpose Application Software
kinds of programs you have to know to be considered an efficient and effective end user. includes word processing programs, spreadsheets, presentation graphics, and database management systems
internet
launched in 1969 when the United States funded a project that developed a national computer network called Advanced Research Project Agency Network (ARPANET). large network that connects together smaller networks all over the globe. INVENTED FOR MILITARY COMMUNICATION
Google+
launched in 2011. It is a combination of some of Google Inc.'s previously existing services with some new services. These new services include Circles for grouping individuals according to common interests or other criteria and Hangouts for communicating with up to 10 people at a time.
Personal Computers (PC)
least powerful, yet the most widely used and fastest-growing type of computer
Web-based file transfer services
make use of a web browser to upload and download files. This eliminates the need for any custom software to be installed. A popular web-based file transfer service is Dropbox.com.
Virus
malicious programs that are all too often deposited onto your computer from the Internet. These programs can damage software and hardware, as well as compromise the security and privacy of your personal dat
Specialized Application Software
more narrowly focused on specific disciplines and occupations. Two of the best known are graphics and web authoring programs.
Communicating
most popular Internet activity.
supercomputer
most powerful type of computer. These machines are special, high-capacity computers used by very large organizations. typically used to process massive amounts of data
Smartphones
most widely used handheld computers. cell phones with wireless connections to the Internet and processing capabilities.
Searching
never been more convenient. You can access some of the world's largest libraries directly from your home computer. You can find the latest local, national, and international news.
Mainframe
not nearly as powerful as supercomputers. capable of great processing speeds and data storage. used by insurance companies
Shopping
one of the fastest-growing Internet applications
social networking
one of the fastest-growing and most significant Web 2.0 applications. focus on connecting people and organizations that share a common interest or activity. These sites typically provide a wide array of tools that facilitate meeting, communicating, and sharing. Three of the best known are Facebook, Google+, and LinkedIn.
Entertainment
options are nearly endless. You can find music, movies, magazines, and computer games.
Information Systems
people, procedures, software, hardware, data, and the Internet
Utilities
perform specific tasks related to managing computer resources, i.e. antivirus programs
Blogs
personal websites used to keep in touch with friends and family.
Text messaging
process of sending a short electronic message, typically less than 160 characters, using a wireless network to another person, who views the message on a mobile device such as a smartphone.
Plug-ins
programs that are automatically started and operate as a part of your browser. Acrobat Reader from Adobe, Flash Player from Adobe, QuickTime from Apple, Windows Media Player from Microsoft.
Operating Systems (OS)
programs that coordinate computer resources, provide an interface between users and the computer, and run applications.
browsers
programs that provide access to web resources. This software connects you to remote computers; opens and transfers files; displays text, images, and multimedia; and provides in one tool an uncomplicated interface to the Internet and web documents. Four most popular: Apple Safari, Google Chrome, Microsoft Edge, and Mozilla Firefox.
WEB
provides a multimedia interface to the numerous resources available on the Internet. introduced in 1991. Prior to this, the Internet was all text—no graphics, animations, sound, or video. made it possible to include these elements. It provided a multimedia interface to resources available on the Internet. Invented in Switzerland to communicate between universities
Microblogs
publishes short sentences that take only a few seconds to write, rather than long stories or posts like a traditional blog. designed to keep friends and other contacts up to date on your interests and activities. most popular: Twitter
Client based email systems
require a special program known as an e-mail client to be installed on your computer. two most common, Apple Mail and Microsoft Outlook
Protocols
rules for exchanging data between computers. The protocol https is used for web traffic and is one of the most widely used Internet protocols.
Desktop
small enough to fit on top of or alongside a desk yet are too big to carry around
Apps
small programs primarily designed for mobile devices such as smartphones and for tablet computers
Tablet
smaller, lighter, and generally less powerful than laptops.
search engines
specialized programs that assist you in locating information on the web and the Internet. To find information, you go to a search service's website and use its search engine. most popular: Bing, Duckduckgo, Google, and Yahoo
web utilities
specialized utility programs that make using the Internet and the web easier and safer. Some of these utilities are browser-related programs that either become part of your browser or are executed from your browser. Others are designed to protect children from dangerous and inappropriate website material.
started in 2003 and has become the premier business-oriented social networking site. it is the largest social networking site focusing on business professionals.
.edu
top-level domain
Input devices
translate data and programs that humans can understand into a form that the computer can process. most common, keyboard and mouse
output devices
translate the processed information from the computer into a form that humans can understand. most common, display (monitor)
electronic mail
transmission of electronic messages over the Internet
Database files
typically created by database management programs to contain highly structured and organized data. most popular: Microsoft Access, Apple FileMaker, Google Obvibase, and OpenOffice Base.
hard disks
typically used to store programs and very large data files. Using rigid metallic platters and read/write heads that move across the platters, data and information are stored using magnetic charges on the disk's surface
spam
unwanted and unsolicited e-mails
Optical discs
use laser technology to store data and programs. Three types are compact discs (CDs), digital versatile (or video) discs (DVDs), and Blu-ray discs (BD).
Webcast
use streaming technology in which audio and video files are continuously downloaded to your computer while you are listening to and/or viewing the file content.
dcoats
username
Cloud Computing
uses the Internet and the web to shift many computer activities from a user's computer to computers on the Internet. Rather than relying solely on their computer, users can now use the Internet to connect to the cloud and access more powerful computers, software, and storage.
Wiki
website specially designed to allow visitors to use their browser to add, edit, or delete the site's content. most popular: Wikipedia
E-Commerce
buying and selling of goods over the Internet.
Connectivity
capability of your personal computer to share information with other computers.
internet security suite
collection of utility programs designed to maintain your security and privacy while you are on the web. These programs control spam, protect against computer viruses, provide filters, and much more.
Network
communications system connecting two or more computers. largest in the world is the Internet
Midrange (Servers)
computers with processing capabilities less powerful than a mainframe computer yet more powerful than a personal computer.
hyperlinks or links
connect from a web page to other documents containing related information—text files, graphic images, audio, and video clips.
program
consists of the step-by-step instructions that tell the computer how to do its work.
System Unit
container that houses most of the electronic components that make up a computer system. Two important components are microprocessors and memory.
spiders
continually look for new information and update the search services' databases.
The Internet of Things (IoT)
continuing development of the Internet that allows everyday objects embedded with electronic devices to send and receive data over the Internet. It promises to connect all types of devices from computers to smartphones to watches to any number of everyday devices.
microprocessor
controls and manipulates data to produce information.
Worksheet files
created by electronic spreadsheets to analyze things like budgets and to predict sales. most popular: Microsoft Excel, Apple Numbers, Corel Quattro Pro, Google Sheets, and OpenOffice Calc
presentation files
created by presentation graphics programs to save presentation materials. For example, a file might contain audience handouts, speaker notes, and electronic slides. most popular: Microsoft Power-Point, Apple Keynote, Google Slides, Corel Presentations, OpenOffice Impress, and Prezi.
Document files
created by word processors to save documents such as memos, term papers, and letters. most popular: Microsoft Word, Apple Pages, Google Docs, Corel WordPerfect, and OpenOffice Writer.
Five types of PC's
desktops, laptops, tablets, smartphones, and wearables
two challenges for e-commerce
developing fast, secure, and reliable payment methods for purchased goods and providing convenient ways to submit required information such as mailing addresses and credit card information.
BitTorrent
distributes file transfers across many different computers for more efficient downloads, unlike other transfer technologies whereby a file is copied from one computer on the Internet to another.
Web-based email systems
do not require an e-mail program to be installed on your computer. most common, Gmail, Hotmail, and Yahoo! mail
Podcasts
do not use streaming technology. The media files can also be transferred from your computer to a media player such as an iPod.
solid-state storage
does not have any moving parts, is more reliable, and requires less power. It saves data and information electronically similar to RAM except that it is not volatile.
@usc.edu
domain name
System Software
enables the application software to interact with the computer hardware. System software is "background" software that helps the computer manage its own internal resources.
Application Software
end user software. general-purpose, specialized, and apps.
specialized search engines
focus on subject-specific websites. Specialized sites can potentially save you time by narrowing your search
Digital Cash
Internet's equivalent to traditional cash. Buyers purchase digital cash from a third party (a bank that specializes in electronic currency) and use it to purchase goods
Uploading
Using file transfer utilities to copy files from your computer to another computer on the Internet.
Downloading
Using file transfer utilities to copy files to your computer from specially configured servers.
4 evaluations for website content
Authority, Accuracy, Currency, and Objectivity
IT
Information Technology
people
Most important part of any information system
filters
block access to selected sites.
hardware
The equipment that processes the data to create information. It includes smartphones, tablets, keyboards, mice, displays, system units, and other devices. Hardware is controlled by software.
internet service provider
The most common way to access the Internet. already connected to the Internet and provide a path or connection for individuals to access the Internet.
Data
The raw, unprocessed facts, including text, numbers, images, and sounds, are called data.
procedures
The rules or guidelines for people to follow when using software, hardware, and data
hits
The search engine compares your entry against its database and returns a list of _____, or sites that contain the keywords. Each ___ includes a link to the referenced web page (or other resource) along with a brief discussion of the information contained at that location.
Environment
Today it is more important than ever that we be aware of our impact on the environment.
URL
Uniform Resource Locators. Location or address of specific resources. helps browsers to connect to resources
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
a markup language for displaying web pages. The browser interprets the hypertext markup language formatting instructions and displays the document as a web page
search services
a number of organizations that operate websites that can help you locate the information you need.
Ethics
a system of moral principles that direct our everyday lives.
Modem
a widely used communication device that modifies audio, video, and other types of data into a form that can be transmitted across the Internet.
File transfer utilities
allow you to efficiently copy files to and from your computer across the Internet
File Transfer Protocol
allow you to efficiently copy files to and from your computer across the Internet, and are frequently used for uploading changes to a website hosted by an Internet service provider. has been used for decades and still remains one of the most popular methods of file transfer.
instant messaging
allows two or more people to contact each other via direct, live communication.
Laptop
also known as notebook computers, are portable and lightweight and fit into most briefcases.
Software
another name for a program or programs. to convert data (unprocessed facts) into information (processed facts).
Education/ e-learning
another rapidly emerging web application. You can take classes on almost any subject.
