Computer Concepts Chapter 3 and 4
DOS
(Disk Operating system) operating system software shipped with the first IBM PCs, then used on millions of computers until the introduction of Microsoft Windows
Dialog Box
(computer science) a small temporary window in a graphical user interface that appears in order to request information from the user
Desktop
(computer science) the area of the screen in graphical user interfaces against which icons and windows appear
Software Upgrade
A change in an application or new feature added to a software program that a developer releases, usually on the internet, for users to add
Database
A collection of data organized in a manner that allows access, retrieval, and use of that data
Service Pack
A collection of updates, fixes, or enhancements to a software program delivered as a single file.
A file format designed to enable printing and viewing of documents with all their formatting(Portable Document Format)
Computer Worm
A malicious program designed to spread rapidly to a large number of computers by sending copies of itself to other computers.
Software Update
A piece of software created to fix problems with or provide updates to a program or application. This may include fixing known vulnerabilities or bugs, or improving functionality or performance.
Trojan Horse
A program advertised as performing one activity but actually doing something else.
Executable File
A program file that can cause an application to run on your computer when it is opened.
Malware
A program or a set of program instructions that are designed to enter a computer and disrupt its normal operations
Office Suite
A program that combines several programs and all of their features.
User Interface
A program that controls a display for the user (usually on a computer monitor) and that allows the user to interact with the system
Device Driver
A software program that provides the instructions your computer needs to communicate with a device, such as a scanner.
Security Suite
A software suite containing modules to protect computers against viruses, worms, intrusions, spyware, and other threats
Module
A structure that is specialized to process information about a particular type of stimulus.
Utility Software
A subcategory of system software designed to augment the operating system by providing ways for a user to control the allocation and use of hardware resources
Multithreading
A technology that allows multiple parts or threads from a program to run simultaneously.
Project Management Software
An application program such as Microsoft Project that helps project managers generate charts and tables used to manage aspects of a project.
Mapping Application
An application that displays satellite, aerial, or street maps that can be used to locate places and get directions
Kernel
An essential set of programs and computer code that allows a computer operating system to control processor, disk, memory, and other functions central to its basic operation.
Copyright
An exclusive right granted by the federal government allowing the owner to reproduce and sell an artistic or published work.
Graphical User Interface
An operating system characteristic that utilizes graphics and the point-and-click technology of the mouse and cursor, making the OS much more user friendly
Multitasking
An operating system feature that allows more than one application to run at a time.
Malicious Software
Any unwanted program that is transmitted to a computer without the user's knowledge and that is designed to do varying degrees of damage to data and software. Types of infestations include viruses, Trojan horses, worms, adware, spyware, keyloggers, browser hijackers, dialers, and downloaders. Also called malware or an infestation.
Productivity Software
Application software that has the potential to help people do their work more efficiently
Tax Preparation Software
Application software that is used to guide individuals, families, or small businesses through the process of filing federal taxes.
Location-Based Software
Applications that are able to access your current location using, for example a smartphone's GPS or nearby LAN signals
Cell
Basic unit of a worksheet into which you enter your own data
CAD Software
Computer Aided Design programs, a form of 3D modeling used for engineering drawings, automation designs, and modeling
System Software
Consists of the programs that control or maintain the operations of the computer and its devices.
Virus Hoax
E-mail that does damage by tempting you to forward it to everyone in your e-mail address book with the intent of clogging up e-mail systems or by persuading you to delete a critical Windows system file by convincing you the file is malicious.
Payroll Software
Horizontal market software used by businesses to maintain payroll records, collect data and make calculations in order to produce payroll checks and W2 forms
Mobile APPS
Internet software programs to run on hand held devices such as Smart Phones
What-if Analysis
changing values in cells to see how those changes affect the outcome of formulas in the worksheet
File Specification
combination of the drive letter, subdirectory, file name, and extension that identifies a file (such as a doc) also called a path
Virtual Machine
computer system that exists in the memory of another physical computer and can run separate operating systems
Worksheet
computerized spreadsheet
File Header
contains information about a file that is needed by the system programs that access the file records
Subdirectory
directory found under the root directory
File Path
exact location of a file, starting with the drive in which the file is located, and including all folders, subfolders (if any), the file name, and the extension
Native File Format
file that is unique to a program or group of programs and has a unique file extension
Mathematical Modelling Software
for visualizing and solving a wide rang of math, science, and engineering problems
File Extensions
group of letters occurring after a period in a file name, indicating the purpose or contents of the file
Accounting Software
helps businesses owners manage their finances more efficiently by providing tools for tracking accounting transactions such as sales, accounts receivable, inventory purchases, and accounts payable
Statistical Software
helps you analyze large sets of data to discover relationships and patterns.
Directory
listing of the files stored in memory (usually on a hard disk)
Folder
location on a disk where you can store files
Root Directory
main directory of a disk or other storage device
File Format
method of organization used to encode and store data in a computer (text formats include DOC and TXT and graphics formats includes BMP, TIFF, GIF, and PCX
Windows Phone 7
mobile operating system designed by Microsoft for mobile phones and other handheld digital devices
Microsoft Windows
most common operating system for IBM and IBM-compatible PCs
Android OS
operating system designed for mobile devices such as smartphones and bnetbooks
MAC OS
operating system developed by Apple Computer for the Macintosh (current version of the Mac OS X is primarily used by the arts community
UNIX
operating system developed in the 1970s for midrange servers and mainframes; many variations of the operating system are used today Linux - open source operating system based on UNIX (because of the stable nature of this operating system, it is often used on Web services)
Blackberry OS
operating system for blackberries
iOS
operating system owned and developed by Apple and used for their various mobile devices
File Tag
piece of information that describes a file
Setup Program
program module supplied with a software package for the purpose of installing the software
Video Editing Software
program used to capture, edit and manipulate video images, add effects, titles, music to create studio-quality video
Drawing Software
program used to create vector graphics; provides for freehand as well as geometric shapes
Bootstrap Program
programs loaded power-up or reboot, typically stored in ROM or EEPROM, generally known as Firmware Initializes all aspects of system, loads operating system kernel and starts execution
Unzipped
refers to files that have been uncompressed
Boot Process
sequence of events that occurs within a computer system between the time the user starts the computer and the time it is ready to process
File-Naming Conversions
set of rules, established by the OS, that must be followed to create a vivid file name
Graphics Software
software designed to create, edit and manipulate graphics; (ex. Photoshop, picasa)
DVD Authoring Software
software that is aimed primarily at converting videos into movie DVDs, complete with titles and menus, that can be played on a DVD player
Reserved Words
special words used as commands in some operating systems that may not be used in file names
System Requirement
the necessary specifications your computer must have in order to use the software or hardware.
Copyright Notice
the text copyright followed by the year of publication
Pirated Software
the unauthorized use, duplication, distribution, or sale of copyrighted software
3D Graphics Software
to create 3-D wireframe objects, then render them into images
Command-line Interface
type of user interface in which the user types commands or press special keys on the keyboard to enter data and instructions.
Adaptive Utilities
Utility software that alters a device's user interface to create an accessible environment for individuals with disabilities
Spreadsheet
a grid of rows and columns containing numbers, text, and formulas
Computer Virus
a software program capable of reproducing itself and usually capable of causing great harm to files or other programs on the same computer
Dual Boot
ability to boot using either 2 different Oss, such as Windows XP and Windows Vista
Word Processing Software
allows users to create and manipulate documents
Spreadsheet Software
allows users to organize data in rows and columns and perform calculations
Paint Software
also called illustration software, allows users to draw pictures, shapes, and other graphical images with various on-screen tools such as a pen, brush, eyedropper, and paint bucket.
Database Software
an electronic filing system best used for larger and more complicated groups of data that require more than one table and the ability to group, sort, and retrieve data and generate reports.
Horizontal Market Software
any computer program that can be used by many different kinds of businesses
Disk Partition
area of a hard disk created by dividing a large disk into several smaller virtual ones, such as when using two operating systems on a single computer
Hand-held OS
Mobile operating System
Audio Editing Software
Programs that perform basic editing tasks on audio files such as cutting dead air space from the beginning or end of a song or cutting a portion from the middle.
Zipped
Refers to files that have been compressed
Personal Finance Software
Simplified accounting program that helps home users or small office/home office users manage finances.
Portable Software
Software designed to be stored on a flash drive or CD, and that does not require installation before it is used. 158
Vertical Market Software
Software that is developed for and customized to a specific industry's needs (such as a wood inventory system for a sawmill) as opposed to software that is useful across a range of industries (such as word processing software).
Presentation Software
Software that is used to create and edit information to present in an electronic slide show format.
Antivirus Software
Software used to detect and eliminate computer viruses and other types of malware.
Money Management Software
Software used to track monetary transactions and investments.
Security Software
Software, typically a suite of programs, used to protect your computer against a variety of threats.
Mass-Mailing Worm
Spreads by sending itself to every address in the address book of an infected computer.
Desktop OS
Stand alone operating system
Multiprocessing
The capability of an operating system to use multiple processors in a single computer, usually to process multiple jobs at one time faster than could be performed with a single processor.
Software License
The document that contains permission for a buyer to install and use a program.
Software installation
The process by which programs and data are copied to the hard disk of a computer system and otherwise prepared for access and use.
Desktop Publishing Software
This software is another step up from word processing software and allows a user to create complicated document containing various columns, inlays, graphics, drawings, fonts, and special characters.
