computer hardware

supercomputer

-most powerful type of computer -many of these owned by research universities and government agencies such as NSA

mainframe compter

-not designed to calculate huge formulas, but able to manage thousands of transactions simultansely -often operated by businesses such as large banks or credit card companies -more powerful than a server, less powerful than supercomputer

clockspeed

-sometimes called clock rate -increasing your clockspeed of a processor is called overclocking -the clockspeed is the base speed at which the processor performs the machine cycle each second

Rank the storage capacities from highest to lowest. Start with the highest capacity first.

1. Petabye (PB)- 1,000 terabytes of data 2. Terabyte(TB)- One trillion bytes of data 3. Gigabyte(GB)- One billion bytes of data 4. Megabyte(MB)- One million bytes of data 5. Kilobyte(KB)- One thousand bytes of data

disk cleanup process

1. click the cortana icon to open the search window 2. type disk cleanup 3. in the disk cleanup dialog box, select the unused files 4. click OK

Check hard drive capacity of windows laptop through systems menu

1. click windows icon to open start menu 2. click the settings icon to open the settings menu 3. click system 4. click storage

Process of disk cleanup

1. from the start menu, choose all programs, accessories, system tools, disk cleanup. Click OK then delete files 2. if prompted, choose the mass storage device that you want to clean up 3. in the disk cleanup dialog box, select the items you want to remove 4. click OK, then delete files

cache

A high-speed storage area usually located directly on the CPU Cache contains frequently accessed data and is smaller than RAM

single core processor

A processor with one control unit and one arithmetic logic unit (ALU)

desktop computer

Designed for power users. Has a relatively large footprint. -allows for an easy upgrade and expansion

laptop computer

Designed for those who need a mobile computer but need to enter a large amount of data

All in one computer

Designed to stay on a desk. Provides a large monitor but takes up less space than a desktop computer

external storage devices

External hard drive Optical (DVD) drive Universal serial bus (USB) drive

intel

Founded in 1968, this is the world's largest designer of computer chips. Its i5, i7, and i9 chips dominate the personal computer market.

AMD

Founded in 1969, this company's technology is featured inside most gaming consoles including the PS5

Nvidia

Founded in 1993, produces popular mobile device processors

tablet computer

Highly mobile device that can be used while standing or even walking

hard drives have ____

Longer access times

L3 cache

Memory located next to the processor

disk cache

Memory used to increase a hard drive's efficiency

RAM

Programs and data currently being used by the processor are placed in the RAM Smartphones have the least

overclocking

Running the processor faster than recommended by the manufacturer. This can increase performance and speed, but also can also void the manufacturer warranty.

L1 cache

The small amount of memory, located within the CPU itself (directly on the processor) located directly on the processor and is the first memory used by the computer.

multicore processor

Two or more complete processors residing on the same chip and capable of executing two or more sets of instructions at a time

Commonly used when you purchase a Windows PC laptop with a solid-state hard drive

USB port An operating system

hyperthreading

allows for multitasking

Memory, such as RAM or cache, is __ and has no moving parts.

electronic (solid state)

Typical SSD capacities for tablet computers or smartphones are measured in

gigabytes

Which two of the following are used for measuring typical hard drive capacities for personal computers?

gigabytes, terabytes

ROM

is actually storage since it retains data and information when the power has been turned off.

characteristics of SSD (solid state drive)

no moving parts, extrememly fast

When a computer is shut down, the information in the memory (the RAM, the caches, the registers) is ___.

not saved

storage devices

optical drive, external hard drive, USB provide storage: server bank, SSD, external hard drive

defragment

process reduces unused disk sectors -as you use your hard drive new files will be deleted and added. This can create a slower, more disorganized hard drive. To speed it up you may want to _____ your hard drive

hard drive capacity

the amount of storage you have available to save data and information