Computer History

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machine language

1s and 0s

the Apple I

Apple's first computer - the first computer to be sold with a pre-assembled motherboard, even though it didn't include a case

the Macintosh

Apple's innovative computer that helped propel computers into the mainstream - it was also Apple's first (successful) computer that used a mouse and a GUI-based operating system

the Apple II

Apple's second computer - the first commercial computer to be sold as a completely pre-assembled unit

the IBM Personal Computer 5150

IBM's first PC, which helped transition computers from hobbyists to businessmen

BASIC

a family of general-purpose, high-level programming languages whose design philosophy emphasizes ease of use

PC

a term that stands for "personal computer," which was coined in 1981 by IBM with the IBM Personal Computer 5150

transistor

a tiny switch that can be triggered by electric signals

vacuum tube

an electron tube containing a near-vacuum that was used as a diode in early computers

integrated circuit

an electronic circuit formed on a small piece of semiconducting material, performing the same function as a larger circuit made from discrete components

microprocessor

an integrated circuit that contains all the functions of a central processing unit of a computer

46

how many UNIVACs where delivered

assembly language

mnemonics (nop, jmp, etc.)

Steve Jobs

one of the co-founders of Apple

Steve Wozniak

one of the co-founders of Apple

Bill Gates

one of the co-founders of Microsoft

Paul Allen

one of the co-founders of Microsoft

Hewlett-Packard

the company Steve Wozniak worked for before he co-founded Apple

the UNIVAC

the first commercial computer

MITS Altair 8800

the first commercially available computer, although it was almost completely useless and primarily used by hobbyists

1940-1956

the first computer generation - vacuum tubes

vacuum tubes

the first computer generation, which lasted from 1940 to 1956

the Xerox Alto

the first computer to use an operating system based on a GUI

the ENIAC

the first general-purpose all-electronic digital computer

VisiCalc

the first spreadsheet program for a computer - released for the Apple II by VisiCorp in 1979

1971-now

the fourth computer generation - microprocessors

microprocessors

the fourth computer generation, which lasted from 1971 to now

J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly

the inventors of the ENIAC

J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly

the inventors of the UNIVAC

18,000

the number of vacuum tubes the ENIAC contained

5,600

the number of vacuum tubes the UNIVAC contained

Microsoft PC-DOS

the operating system the IBM Personal Computer 5150 used

to answer Apple

the reason IBM released the IBM Personal Computer 5150

to sell BASIC interpreters for the MITS Altair 8800

the reason Microsoft was founded

1956-1963

the second computer generation - transistors

transistors

the second computer generation, which lasted from 1956 to 1963

1964-1971

the third computer generation - integrated circuits

integrated circuits

the third computer generation, which lasted from 1964 to 1971

1976

the year Apple was founded

1975

the year Microsoft started

1979

the year VisiCalc was released

1973

the year Xerox released the Xerox Alto

1976

the year the Apple I was released

1977

the year the Apple II was released

1981

the year the IBM Personal Computer 5150 was made

1984

the year the first Macintosh was introduced

1959

the year the integrated circuit was invented

1971

the year the microprocessor was invented

1947

the year the transistor was invented

1904

the year the vacuum tube was invented

electronic numerical integrator and computer

what ENIAC stands for

universal automatic computer

what UNIVAC stands for

general purpose computing

what the UNIVAC was used for

1943-1946

when the ENIAC was built

1974

when the MITS Altair 8800 was made

1951

when the first UNIVAC was delivered

the Smithsonian Institution

where the ENIAC is displayed now

to help with the war effort against German forces

why the ENIAC was built


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