Computer Science 1
The character literal A requires _______ byte(s) of memory, whereas the string literal "A" requires ____ bytes
1 2
stream extraction operator
>> extracts a character from input stream so they can be used in the program
The job of the ________ is to fetch instructions, carry out the operations commanded by the instructions, and produce some outcome or resultant information
CPU (central processing unit)
lets you manually promote and demotes a value general format: static_cast<DataType>(value)
Type cast expression
Every C++ program must have a function named...
main
set of choices presented to the user
menu
allows user to determine the course of action by selecting it from the menu
menu driven program
A program's ability to run on several different types of computer systems is called....
portability
_______ characters or symbols mark the beginning or ending of programming statements, or separate items in a list
punctuation
A group of statements, such as the body of a function, must be enclosed in...
braces or brackets -- {}
C++ tendency to convert operands to the same type
type coercion
When a value too close to 0 is so small that more digits of precision are needed to express it than can be stored in the variable holding it, we have...
underflow
prompt
used in cin programs, lets the user know that input is expects and tells them what needs to be answered
A ______ is a named storage location
variable
programs with algorithms that execute some statements only under certain circumstances
decision structure
A variable must be _____ before it can be used in the program
defined
when a value is converted to a lower data type
demoted
A _____ is an example of a secondary storage device
disk drive
printing an error message after invalid input process of inspecting information given to a program by the user and determining if its valid
input validation
The three primary activities of a program are...
input, processing, and output
A program is a set of...
instructions
To use cout statements you must include the _______ file in your program
iostream
Words that have special meaning in a programming language are called...
key words
function that performs a specific operation
library function
_________ is the only language computers really process
machine
Preprocessor directives begin with a...
#
978.65 x 10^12 would be written in E notation as
9.7865E14
What is the difference between a syntax error and a logical error?
A syntax error is a misuse of a key word, operator, punctuation, or other part of the programming language. A logical error is a mistake that tells the computer to carry out a task incorrectly or to carry out tasks in the wrong order. It causes the program to produce wrong results.
Internally, the CPU consists of the _____ and the ____
ALU (arithmetic logic unit), Control Unit
debugging process where you pretend that you're the computer executing the program. 1.) construct chart with columns for each variable 2.) rows correspond to lines in the program 3.) step through each line and record what happens to the variables after the code is executed
Hand tracing
______________ languages are close to the level of humans in terms of readability
High-level
_____________ languages care close to the level of the computer
Low-level
Both main memory and secondary storage are types of memory. What is the difference between the two?
Main Memory (RAM) is volatile, which means that its contents will be erased when power is removed from the computer. Secondary memory does not lose its contents when power is removed from the computer (ex: disk or CD)
What is the difference between system software and application software?
an operating system is a set of programs that manages the computer's hardware devices and controls their processes. Application software are programs that users use to solve specific problems or perform general operations.
order which an operator works with its operands
associativity
a variable ______________ when a program is running and it enters a section of code that constitutes a variable's scope
comes into scope
actions that are executed only when certain conditions exist are called...
conditionally executed actions
72, 'A', and "Hello World" are all examples of...
constants, or literals
programmer-defined data type whose only legal values are those associated with a set of named integer constants
enumerated data type
named integer constants associated with enumerated data types
enumerators
something that can be evaluated to produce a single variable
expression
the minimum number of character spaces on the screen to print the value in is...
field width
a variable that signals whether or not come condition currently exists in the program
flag
the way a value is printed
formatting
A ________ is a diagram that graphically illustrates the structure of a program
hierarchy chart
_______ is information a program gathers form the outside world
input
When user enters characters using cin, they're temporarily placed in an area of memory known as...
input buffer
a variable but its content is read only and cannot be changed when the program is running
named constant
placing 1 if statement or if/else statement inside another if statement is called...
nested if
statement that does nothing
null statement
The two general categories or software are...
operating systems and application
________ are characters or symbols that perform operations on one or more operands
operators
______ is information a program sends to the outside world
output
When a binary 1 flows into the high bit position, we have...
overflow
Computers can do many different jobs because they can be...
programmed
words or names defined by the programmer are called...
programmer-defined symbols
Since computers can't be programmed in natural human language, algorithms must be written in a ________ language
programming
when a value is converted to a higher data type
promoted
Every complete statement ends with a...
semicolon
type of code where statements are executed one after the other without branching off in another direction
sequence structure
not checking the rest of the expression because the CPU can already tell its true or false
short circuit evaluation
The rules that must be followed when constructing a program are called...
syntax
