Concept Backgrounds
What percentage increase in relative humidity can increase the off-gassing of formaldehyde by a factor of 1.8 to 2.6?
35%
________ days of work were missed in 2013 because of musculoskeletal disorders, accounting for one ____ of the total number of days away from work.
380,600 days of work were missed in 2013 because of musculoskeletal disorders, accounting for one third of the total number of days away from work.
About ___ to ___ million U.S. adults have a chronic sleep or wakefulness disorder.
About 50 to 70 million U.S. adults have a chronic sleep or wakefulness disorder.
Air pollution is the number ____ environmental cause of premature mortality, contributing to __________ premature deaths annually in the United States and approximately ___ million, or____ in eight premature deaths worldwide.
Air pollution is the number one environmental cause of premature mortality, contributing to 50,000 premature deaths annually in the United States and approximately 7 million, or one in eight premature deaths worldwide.
Almost ___ billion people lack access to safe drinking water worldwide, and ___ million annual deaths are attributable to unsafe water, sanitation and hygiene
Almost one billion people lack access to safe drinking water worldwide, and two million annual deaths are attributable to unsafe water, sanitation and hygiene
An average adult obtains only __ to __ minutes of moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity a day.
An average adult obtains only 6-10 minutes of moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity a day.
Approximately _____ billion pounds of pesticides are used in a typical year in the U.S. alone.
Approximately 1 billion pounds of pesticides are used in a typical year in the U.S. alone.
Asthma can also be compounded by sensitivity to other allergens; up to __% of individuals with asthma who live in urban environments also have a sensitivity to cockroach allergens.
Asthma can also be compounded by sensitivity to other allergens; up to 60% of individuals with asthma who live in urban environments also have a sensitivity to cockroach allergens.
Average employee health care costs fell by $___ for every $___ spent on wellness programs
Average employee health care costs fell by $3.27 for every $1.00 spent on wellness programs
Because ambient air diffuses easily, even distant sources of pollution have a huge impact on the more than ______ liters of air we breathe every day.
Because ambient air diffuses easily, even distant sources of pollution have a huge impact on the more than 15,000 liters of air we breathe every day.
Carbon monoxide has ___ times the binding affinity for hemoglobin compared to oxygen
Carbon monoxide has 210 times the binding affinity for hemoglobin compared to oxygen
Carbon monoxide leads to about ___ non-automotive fatal poisonings in the U.S. every year.
Carbon monoxide leads to about 170 non-automotive fatal poisonings in the U.S. every year.
Currently, about __% of children and __% of adults in the U.S. have food allergies.
Currently, about 8% of children and 4% of adults in the U.S. have food allergies.
Every year, about ___ people require emergency room treatment, ___ are hospitalized and ___ die because of allergic reactions to food.
Every year, about 30,000 people require emergency room treatment, 2,000 are hospitalized and 150 die because of allergic reactions to food.
What were the three parts that make up the triple bottom line?
Financial, environmental, social
Higher humidity levels can lead to increased off-gassing: an increase in relative humidity of ___% can increase the emissions of formaldehyde by a factor of __.__-__.__
Higher humidity levels can lead to increased off-gassing: an increase in relative humidity of 35% can increase the emissions of formaldehyde by a factor of 1.8-2.6.
Only ___% of the U.S. population consume the recommended amount of fruit, and only ___% achieve the recommended intake of vegetables.
However, only 8% of the U.S. population consume the recommended amount of fruit, and only 6% achieve the recommended intake of vegetables.
In 2006, only __% of the office buildings surveyed in the U.S. provided thermal environments that met generally accepted goals of occupant satisfaction
In 2006, only 11% of the office buildings surveyed in the U.S. provided thermal environments that met generally accepted goals of occupant satisfaction
In 2010, mental illnesses and substance use disorders accounted for nearly ___ million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), ___ million years of life lost to premature mortality (YLL) and over ___ million years lived with disability (YLD) worldwide.
In 2010, mental illnesses and substance use disorders accounted for nearly 184 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), 8.6 million years of life lost to premature mortality (YLL) and over 175 million years lived with disability (YLD) worldwide.
In addition to nicotine, cigarettes contain about ____ ingredients that form over _____ compounds when burned, of which at least __ are known to be carcinogenic.
In addition to nicotine, cigarettes contain about 600 ingredients that form over 7,000 compounds when burned, of which at least 69 are known to be carcinogenic.
In many countries, people consume more than ___ calories from added sugars per day
In many countries, people consume more than 500 calories from added sugars per day
In one study, levels of antimony in 48 brands of bottled water from 11 European countries increased by ___% after 6 months of storage due to antimony leaching from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles, which are designated as recyclable "1."
In one study, levels of antimony in 48 brands of bottled water from 11 European countries increased by 90% after 6 months of storage due to leaching from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles.
In the U.S. alone, fewer than __% of elementary school students, __% of adolescents and _% of adults obtain 30 minutes of daily physical activity.
In the U.S. alone, fewer than 50% of elementary school students, 10% of adolescents and 5% of adults obtain 30 minutes of daily physical activity.
In the U.S. alone, more than ___ billion is spent annually by the food industry specifically marketing cereal, fast food and soft drinks to children and adolescents
In the U.S. alone, more than $1.6 billion is spent annually by the food industry specifically marketing cereal, fastfood and soft drinks to children and adolescents
In the U.S. alone, smoking tobacco is related to over _________ premature annual deaths
In the U.S. alone, smoking tobacco is related to over 400,000 premature annual deaths.
In the U.S., ___ of the population consumes sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) on any given day, with a quarter of the population consuming over ___ calories from SSBs daily.
In the U.S., half of the population consumes sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) on any given day, with a quarter of the population consuming over 200 calories from SSBs daily.
Just ___ hours of moderate- intensity physical activity per week can reduce overall mortality risk by nearly __%.
Just 2.5 hours of moderate-intensity physical activity per week can reduce overall mortality risk by nearly 20%.
Lack of physical activity can also increase the odds of having a stroke by __to__% and shave off __ to __ years of life.
Lack of physical activity can also increase the odds of having a stroke by 20-30% and shave off 3-5 years of life.
Low back pain affects about __ million Americans
Low back pain affects about 31 million Americans
Major depression is one of the most common of all mood disorders, affecting about ___ million adults in the U.S.
Major depression is one of the most common of all mood disorders, affecting about 16 million adults in the U.S.
Major depressive disorders affect nearly __ million adults in the United States, causing sleep troubles, difficulty concentrating, loss of energy and appetite, low self-esteem, hopelessness, and physical pain.
Major depressive disorders affect nearly 16 million adults in the United States, causing sleep troubles, difficulty concentrating, loss of energy and appetite, low self-esteem, hopelessness, and physical pain.
More than __%, or __ million deaths each year are attributable to mental disorders
More than 14%, or 8 million deaths each year are attributable to mental disorders
More than ___ of the human body is comprised of water
More than two-thirds of the human body is comprised of water
Over ___ million adults in the U.S. and over a billion individuals worldwide are cigarette smokers.
Over 42 million adults in the U.S. and over a billion individuals worldwide are cigarette smokers.
Over ___ of all American adults (20 years and older) today are overweight, and more than a ___ are obese.
Over two thirds (69%) of all American adults (20 years and older) today are overweight, and more than a third (35%) are obese.
Physical inactivity is the __ leading risk factor for mortality, accounting for __to__% of deaths worldwide, or __ to __ million mortalities every year.
Physical inactivity is the fourth leading risk factor for mortality, accounting for 6-9% of deaths worldwide, or three to five million mortalities every year.
Physical inactivity poses one of the biggest modern threats to public health. It is estimated to be responsible for __% of ischemic heart disease, __% of type 2 diabetes and __% of breast and colon cancer cases.
Physical inactivity poses one of the biggest modern threats to public health. It is an independent risk factor for numerous chronic diseases and is estimated to be responsible for 30% of ischemic heart disease, 27% of type 2 diabetes and 21-25% of breast and colon cancer cases.
Handwashing - Responsible for approximately __ million illnesses, _____ hospitalizations and _____ deaths occurring in the U.S. each year, foodborne illness is a major cause of preventable illness and death, personal distress and avoidable economic burden.
Responsible for approximately 48 million illnesses, 128,000 hospitalizations and 3,000 deaths occurring in the U.S. each year, food borne illness is a major cause of preventable illness and death, personal distress and avoidable economic burden.
Sitting burns __ fewer calories per hour than standing.
Sitting burns 50 fewer calories per hour than standing.
Sitting for more than __ hours per day is associated with a __ year lower life expectancy
Sitting for more than 3 hours per day is associated with a 2-year lower life expectancy
The American College of Sports Medicine recommends that all healthy adults engage in at least __ minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity __ days per week, and muscle-strengthening activities at least __ days per week.
The American College of Sports Medicine recommends that all healthy adults engage in at least 30 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity five days per week, and muscle-strengthening activities at least two days per week.
The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend an average consumption of at least __ servings of fruits and __ servings of vegetables per day.
The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend an average consumption of at least 4 servings of fruits and 5 servings of vegetables per day.
The Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommends that women consume approximately ___ liters [ __ oz] and men ___ liters [ __ oz] of water per day.
The Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommends that women consume approximately 2.7 liters [91 oz] and men 3.7 liters [125 oz] of water per day.
The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that ___ million deaths worldwide are attributed to insufficient fruit and vegetable intake, making it one of the top 10 risk factors contributing to global mortality.
The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that 2.7 million deaths worldwide are attributed to insufficient fruit and vegetable intake, making it one of the top 10 risk factors contributing to global mortality.
The average consumption of added sugars is more than ___ teaspoons per day, even though the recommended limit is ____-____ teaspoons.
The average consumption of added sugars is more than 22 teaspoons per day, even though the recommended limit is 6-9 teaspoons.
The average dietary intake of calories in the U.S. in 2010 was nearly _____ calories per person per day, which is a __% increase in energy intake since 1970.
The average dietary intake of calories in the U.S. in 2010 was nearly 2,600 calories per person per day, which is a 25% increase in energy intake since 1970.
The average life expectancy of a smoker is __ years less than that of a nonsmoker.
The average life expectancy of a smoker is 10 years less than that of a nonsmoker.
The life expectancy among those with mental illness is more than ___ years shorter compared to those without mental illnesses
The life expectancy among those with mental illness is more than 10 years shorter compared to those without mental illnesses
The lifetime prevalence of mood disorders in the U.S. is estimated at nearly ___%.
The lifetime prevalence of mood disorders in the U.S. is estimated at nearly 21%.
The situation is similar worldwide—over __% of all people do not get the recommended 30 minutes of daily physical activity.
The situation is similar worldwide—over 60% of all people do not get the recommended 30 minutes of daily physical activity.
Typically, an ambient light level of ___ lux is sufficient for most tasks
Typically, an ambient light level of 300 lux is sufficient for most tasks
VOC levels can be _ times higher indoors than outdoors.
VOC levels can be 5 times higher indoors than outdoors.
Worldwide more than ___ billion adults overweight in 2014, of which over ___ million were obese.
Worldwide more than 1.9 billion (39%) adults overweight in 2014, of which over 600 million (13%) were obese.
Together with physical inactivity, poor diet is a major contributor to...
the U.S. overweight (Body Mass Index (BMI) of 25-29.9) and obesity (BMI over 30) epidemic, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes and cancer.
worldwide in 2010, nearly __% of all disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) resulted from musculoskeletal disorders.
worldwide in 2010, nearly 7% (more than 169 million) of all disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) resulted from musculoskeletal disorders.