Concepts of Science Exam 1

A rock held by a person above the floor, but not dropped, pertains to which of Newton's Laws? 1 The velocity is constant in the absence of a net force. 2 The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to and in the same direction as the net force acting on the object. 3 When one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object exerts an equal force in the opposite direction on the first object. 1 2 Both 1 and 2 3 Both 1 and 3

Both 1 and 3

Most biologists think that feathers were evolved to help birds: hide from enemies. fly. attract mates. float in water. retain heat.

retain heat.

A term that compares how vigorous atoms are moving in a substance is: temperature. kinetics. energy. heat. none of the above.

temperature.

The conservation law in science states that: fossil fuels are an important energy source. conservation will save fossil fuels. The conservation law in science states that: the amount of energy in an isolated system stays the same. once energy is used, it is lost to the system.

the amount of energy in an isolated system stays the same.

The unit for measurement of momentum is: kg kg m/sec sec m/sec kg m/sec2

kg m/sec

The unit for measurement of momentum is: kg m/sec^2 kg m/sec sec m/sec kg

kg m/sec

If your car is moving at 100 km/hr, how many kilometers will your car travel in 15 minutes? 50 km 25 km 100 km 2 km 5 km

25 km

Calculate the efficiency of a coal-fired generating plant if the high-temperature steam is 800 K and the low-temperature reservoir is 500 K. 60.0% 42.5% 100.0% 37.5% 5.0%

37.5%

For an object where wind resistance is not a factor, like a steel ball, being dropped from a tall tower, the object has a velocity of __________ m/sec in four seconds. 9.8 49.0 19.6 39.2 29.4

39.2

The watt value printed on a light bulb tells the amount of energy the light bulb is using in joules per second. Which one of the following light bulbs is using the most energy? 40-watt bulb that burns for two hours 60-watt bulb that burns for one hour 75-watt bulb that burns for thirty minutes 100-watt bulb that burns for twenty minutes 25-watt bulb left on for three hours

40-watt bulb that burns for two hours

Which of these represents the coldest temperature? 0°Celsius -100°Celsius freezing temperature of pure water 0°Fahrenheit 0° Kelvin

0° Kelvin

According to science it is impossible for anything in the universe to be at a temperature of: -458 °F 460 °F -274 °C 274 K -274 °F

-274 °C

How much amperage will be moving through a wire if it has a resistance of 12 ohms and is carrying 120 V? 1 amp 100 amps 12 amps 10 amps 1.2 amps

10 amps

Approximately how much power is consumed per hour by an electric stove drawing 40 amps? (Note - This electric stove is plugged into a 240 volt wall socket.) 5.75 kilowatts/hour 6 watts/hour 9.6 kilowatts/hour 345 watts/hour 9600 kilowatts/hour

9.6 kilowatts/hour

The symbolic equation A = kB^3 means which of the following B is proportional to the cube of A. B is proportional to the square of A. A is proportional to the cube of B. A is proportional to the square of B.

A is proportional to the cube of B.

What is a scientific theory? A statement of a regular, predictable pattern of behavior in nature. A well-substantiated explanatory description of the world based on a large number of independently verified observational and experimental tests. A confirmed observation about the natural world. A tentative, educated guess.

A well-substantiated explanatory description of the world based on a large number of independently verified observational and experimental tests.

Kepler's 2nd law states that the area swept out by a planet during any given period of time, is the same. A. True B. False

A. True

Which of the following is NOT out of place in the context of the scientific method? Read the answers carefully... Addressing questions with an open mind Strong reluctance to ever change an hypothesis Preconceptions affecting one's observations Seeking irrefutable proof of one's ideas

Addressing questions with an open mind

The scientific disciplines All of the above are true! Can be used to predict behavior of complex systems Can work best in many instances when the investigator used a reductionist approach Depend on a self correcting cyclic method of investigation Use methods to discover truths about their areas of study

All of the above are true!

Good scientific methodology and results need Appropriate control conditions Appropriate technology to test hypotheses All of the answers are correct Hypotheses that can be tested so that they might be able to be refuted Reliable and reproducible observations of both the original phenomenon as well as the control and experimental results

All of the answers are correct

Which of the following is a good question to ask yourself when determining whether or not something is a pseudoscience? Have the claims been rigorously tested? Do the claims require major and probably unreasonable changes in otherwise well established ideas? Is there an alternative explanation? Are the facts true as stated? All of the answers are correct!

All of the answers are correct!

John Snow determined the microbial basis of disease as long ago as 1854 A. True B. False C. You can't tell from the in class discussion

B. False

It took 1500 years for Ptolemy's model to be refuted. What was the cause? A. Changes in the views of the Church B. Tycho Brahe's widely proclaiming 'Ptolemy is dead' C. Brahe's improved astronomical tools D. Copernicus' application of Kepler's 3rd Law E. None of the above

C. Brahe's improved astronomical tools

Power is A. P=W X t B. P=E2 Xm1m2a2 C. P=W/t D. None of the above

C. P=W/t

Stonehenge demonstrates A. that ancient aliens may have visited Earth B. That ancient peoples were capable of making very careful, objective observations of the natural world C. That quantitative data could be coupled to careful observation to provide strong, predictable results D. B and C are correct

D. B and C are correct

I hope you recall this situation. Why was it that the baseball had so much more energy than the bowling ball? A. Actually it didn't it's misleading B. Because Ek = 1⁄2 mv C. Because Ek = 1⁄2 m/v2 D. Because Ek = 1⁄2 mv2 E. Because the baseball is lighter than the bowling ball

D. Because Ek = 1⁄2 mv2

Ice made in your freezer is highly ordered, isn't it? How does this agree with the understanding of entropy and the second law? A. Energy had to be expended in the freezer to make it B. There is actually more energy in the ice than in boiling water C. Some part of the 'system' had to become more disordered for the increase in the order in the ice D. Both A and C are right E. It doesn't agree: it's a terrible anomaly!

D. Both A and C are right

Force, in mechanics, can be defined by A. F=me B. F=M C. F=Que2 D. F=ma E. None of the above

D. F=ma

Okham's Razor A. Was a tool used by the ancient Romans to ward off invading Goths B. Is no longer used because it doesn't conform to proper scientific methodology C. Has nicks in it. It was constructed many years ago. D. Is a sensible way to proceed when first confronted with a scientific dilemma

D. Is a sensible way to proceed when first confronted with a scientific dilemma

Which of the following is least likely to be categorized as "science"? Determining the components of a pigment used in a famous painting Determining the thickness of paper on which a work of Shakespeare was written Determining the aesthetic properties of a famous poem Determining the age of the marble used to make a famous statue

Determining the aesthetic properties of a famous poem

Work, in mechanics, is A. Force over a distance B. W=Fm C. W=Fd D. W=F/d E. A and C are correct

E. A and C are correct

What types of waves can carry energy? A. Sound B. Water waves C. Seismic waves D. Light waves (light is a type of electromagnetic radiation) E. All of the above!

E. All of the above!

Potential energy can be in the form of A. Gravitational potential energy B. Chemical potential energy C. Electrical p.e. D. Magnetic p.e. E. Any or all of the above!

E. Any or all of the above!

Retrograde motion of the planets A. Nearly caused Ptolemy to be killed by the Roman Catholic Church B. Relates to an interesting Point of View problem commonly seen in many areas of science C. Arose from the different rates of revolution of the planets around the Sun D. Was the basis for Ptolemy's 'circles within circles' in his planetary model E. B through D are correct

E. B through D are correct

More than likely A. Stonehenge's ancient builders had to recruit thousands of slaves from Egypt to complete Stonehenge B. Stonehenge's ancient builders were able to move the gigantic stones around using very simple tools and techniques C. Stonehenge's builders realigned the surface of the soil to get the stones in place D. Stonehenge's builders could have done the work with as few as 500 or so people E. B, C and D are together more than likely correct

E. B, C and D are together more than likely correct

To whom do we attribute the development of the science of mechanics? A. Brahe B. Collins C. Jobs D. Kepler E. Galileo

E. Galileo

What is the name of the horizontal stones of Stonehenge? A. Blarney Stones B. Columnar stones C. Druid Stones D. Heel Stones E. Lintel Stones

E. Lintel Stones

The south pole of the magnetic field of the Earth is located near: the equator of the Earth. 30 degrees north latitude. 30 degrees north latitude. Earth's south pole. Earth's north pole.

Earth's south pole.

The first person to record observations using a telescope was: Nicholas Copernicus. Isaac Newton. Galileo Galilei. Johannes Kepler. Claudius Ptolemy.

Galileo Galilei.

Who is known as the founder or father of experimental science? Galileo Galilei. Claudius Ptolemy. Nicholas Copernicus. Isaac Newton. Johannes Kepler.

Galileo Galilei.

When a meteorite hits Earth, heat is generated. Which of the following statements best describes this process? Magnetic energy is converted into heat. Electrical potential energy is converted into heat. Elastic potential energy is converted into heat. Gravitational potential energy is converted into heat. Chemical energy is converted into heat.

Gravitational potential energy is converted into heat.

What did James Prescott Joule discover about heat? Potential energy equals heat. Brass tools work better under water. Heat is a form of energy. Horses expend energy at a rate of 550 foot-pound/second. Calories should be limited to energy required.

Heat is a form of energy.

Science Is sometimes reliable, but requires many leaps of faith Requires the use of 'received wisdom' Uses pretty nearly any old method to generate understanding Is a particular way of thinking All of the answers are correct

Is a particular way of thinking

The center of the Copernican universe is the: Venus. Sun. Moon. Earth. Jupiter.

Sun.

Which of the following could not be investigated by the scientific method? The monetary worth of a renown painting The intrinsic artistry in a piece of classical music The age of a well-known oil painting The percentage of people who like a new novel

The intrinsic artistry in a piece of classical music

Which statement about a scientific theory is true? The theory has been conclusively proven within its particular realm. The theory undergoes constant testing and is subject to revision and refutation. The theory is upgraded to a law of nature. Any change to the theory effectively refutes it.

The theory undergoes constant testing and is subject to revision and refutation.`

Which of the following is NOT a pseudoscientific claim? Horoscopes hold the secrets to unlocking your potential as a person. People who know how to properly use crystal balls and tarot cards can tell the future. There is a link between diet and certain types of common diseases in humans. liens and UFOs are real phenomena and aliens are among us on Earth.

There is a link between diet and certain types of common diseases in humans.

In the Parable of the Cave one of the cave prisoners is able to discover the truth about the shadows on the wall, but only when he is able to leave the cave and observe firsthand the wide world beyond the cave door. True False

True

Which of the following is true of Newton's law of universal gravitation? Gravitational force of an object on Earth is relative to its acceleration. Force = little g times mass squared. Gravitational force between two objects can equal zero. Force = mass times velocity. Weight is a special case of force due to gravity

Weight is a special case of force due to gravity

From a physicist's point of view, in which of the following cases has significant work been done? You review for a test by imagining the questions. You try to pull your car out of a ditch, but it doesn't budge. Your father tries unsuccessfully to open a jar. Your brother throws his dirty clothes on the floor. Your mother holds a sleeping baby.

Your brother throws his dirty clothes on the floor.

Which of the following is in uniform motion? a train traveling west at 70 mph an Olympic skier winding through a slalom course a high diver spinning in the air a kite dancing on the wind a jet as it takes off from an airport

a train traveling west at 70 mph

So, if the hot part of the cycle is 500 K and the cold part 300 K, the efficiency is . . . a. 100X(200/500) = 40% b. Cannot be determined because there is insufficient information c. (500/200) X 100 = 2.5% d. None of the answers is correct

a. 100X(200/500) = 40%

You cannot build an engine that works with 100% efficiency a. True b. False c. It depends...

a. True

Force is equal to mass times __________ is a statement of Newton's second law. velocity speed acceleration a constant gravity

acceleration

To calculate the gravitational force between two objects, we need all the following except: mass of the second object. distance between the two objects. gravitational constant. acceleration of both objects. mass of the first object.

acceleration of both objects.

Where within a pot of boiling water would you find the coolest water? just above the bottom along the top sides in the center at the bottom at the top center

along the top sides

Hans Christian Oersted discovered the relationship between the forces of magnetism and electricity by: replicating the experiments of Volta. reading the writings of Galvani. an accident during a physics lecture. interpreting his dreams and obsessions. many long years of tedious research.

an accident during a physics lecture.

Every electrical circuit contains: an electric switch. an unbroken flow path. an electromagnet. a motor. a circuit breaker.

an unbroken flow path.

Science can be thought of as the process of: learning lots of facts and definitions and working mathematical problems relying on received wisdom asking questions, making observations, and arriving at conclusions trusting your senses.

asking questions, making observations, and arriving at conclusions

In the language of physics, what is an example of a low-temperature reservoir? atmosphere receiving a hot gas-air mixture. air and gas at a stable equilibrium. a place where exhaust gases are compressed pistons in the closed position. an explosion of hot gases

atmosphere receiving a hot gas-air mixture.

Why are the studies of energetic transformations called thermodynamics? a. Energy can always be converted to electrical energy and the heat derived from the electrical energy is thermal energy b. All energy types can be converted to heat energy and it's easy to study heat because we can directly measure it. c. None of the above

b. All energy types can be converted to heat energy and it's easy to study heat because we can directly measure it.

Every reaction leads to increased disorder - entropy - in the Universe a. This is a restatement of the !st Law of Thermodynamics b. This is a restatement of the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics c. This is not a concept we discussed d. This means that all energy on Earth will end very soon, resulting in the destruction of the planet due to excessive gravity e. None of the above are correct

b. This is a restatement of the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics

Modern astronomy based methods of nautical navigation are still based on Earth centric methods. Why can this hold? a. The primary tool, the sextant, is not accurate to pick up the difference b. The ship's movement interferes c. Both are true

c. Both are true

Force is measured in a. Jewels b. Joules c. Newtons d. Galileos e. Brahes

c. Newtons

Electric fields and electric currents can be produced by: changing magnetic fields. static electrical charges. radiation. magnetic monopoles. certain magnetic bacteria.

changing magnetic fields.

Energy can be stored in a flashlight battery as: heat energy. electrical energy. electromagnetic energy. gravitational potential energy. chemical potential energy.

chemical potential energy.

When it comes to arctic animals, good insulators against heat loss includes: hair water fat and hair skin sweat

fat and hair

An example of a device that operates on DC current is a common: microwave oven television window fan flashlight refrigerator

flashlight

When a system runs out of energy, it can exert no more force. all of the above. still generate power. do no more work. none of the above.

do no more work.

Good scientific methodology and results need a. Appropriate control conditions b. Hypotheses that can be tested so that they might be able to be refuted c. Appropriate technology to test hypotheses d. Reliable and reproducible observations of both the original phenomenon as well as the control and experimental results e. All of the above are correct

e. All of the above are correct

Quality observations for scientific purposes optimally should be a. Describable in words b. Describable in equation form c. Describable in mathematical symbols d. Quantifiable e. All of the above!

e. All of the above!

What is INCORRECT about Strong Hypotheses a. Can lead to theories and laws b. Must be quantifiably testable c. Can be proven d. Are hard to absolutely disprove e. Define the range of validity of a description

e. Define the range of validity of a description

Within the atom, the force of nature that is stronger than gravity is: electricity. kinetic energy. none of the above. electromagnetism. magnetism.

electromagnetism.

In an isolated system, the total amount of what is conserved? sunlight work force matter energy

energy

A system that moves toward a higher state of order also moves toward a lower state of: none of the above. entropy. convection. insulation. efficiency.

entropy.

Newton's third law of motion includes the statement that: the acceleration produced on a body by a force is inversely proportional to the amount of force applied to the body. for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. the less massive an object, the more force is required to overcome inertia. every falling object falls at different and constantly changing rates. there is no gravity in most of the vast space between stars.

for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.

The force acting on the Moon to keep it in orbit is: gravity. momentum. atmospheric pressure. mass. Moon's mass.

gravity

Dr. John Snow's 1854 data-based research on the incidence of cholera in London found a connection between: germs and disease. water sources and dehydration. chloroform and pregnancy. human waste and disease. pumps and water pipes.

human waste and disease.

Our basic knowledge of the properties of static electricity began: in the sixteen hundreds. with the invention of the electric motor. in the eighteenth century. with the invention of the battery. in the seventeenth century.

in the eighteenth century.

The load in an electric hair dryer is located: in the heating element and fan. in the on/off switch. where the dryer plugs into the electrical outlet. where the heated air is exhausted. where the electrical cord is attached to the dryer.

in the heating element and fan.

Inertial guidance systems rely on objects that have what kind of momentum? linear angular orbital gravitational falling

linear?

You notice that when the parchment paper of an ancient document is exposed to a certain chemical, the parchment paper becomes a different color. What have you done? made an observation used reason and the insight of your mind relied on received wisdom performed an appropriately controlled experiment

made an observation

Every object at rest contains potential energy equivalent to the product of its __________ times a constant, which is __________. energy; speed of the object mass squared; speed of light squared mass; speed of light mass; speed of light squared energy; speed of object squared

mass; speed of light squared

What do all thermometers have in common? having some mercury inside measure temperature by radiation digital display mode materials inside change when heated work only when upside down

materials inside change when heated

In his famous experiment of the late 1700s, Charles Coulomb: proved Newton's three laws of motion. showed that muscle contractions are both electric and chemical. repeated Benjamin Franklin's kite and lightning demonstration. measured static electricity using a piece of amber. measured the force of the electric charge in objects.

measured the force of the electric charge in objects.

Which of the following can produce magnetic fields? static electrical force flowing water or other liquids rubbing amber gravitational force moving electrical charges

moving electrical charges

In the equation for Ohm's law, resistance is represented by this unit: amps. volts. watts. ohms. coulombs.

ohms.

If the Moon were twice as far from the Earth as it is now, the gravitational attraction between Earth and Moon would be: one-half as great as it is now . one-fourth as great as it is now. the same as it is now. twice as great as it is now. four times as great as it is now.

one-fourth as great as it is now.

Benjamin Franklin named charges on objects as: fluid and solid. energy and matter. neutral and electrical. positive and negative. strong and wea

positive and negative.

Which of the following is a rate? foot-pound energy joule power newton

power

How is the force of two charged particles related to their charges? proportional to the ratio of their charges divided by the distance between them No known relation exists between charged particles and force. proportional to the product of their charges divided by the square of the distance between them proportional to the ratio of their charges multiplied by the square of the distance between them proportional to the product of their charges divided by the cube of the distance between them

proportional to the product of their charges divided by the square of the distance between them

Energy can be transferred through a vacuum by: both conduction and convection. both convection and radiation. radiation only. conduction only. convection only.

radiation only.

Daniel Fahrenheit invented a thermometer on which 0 represented: the melting point of ice. the temperature of ice cream. the coldest temperature he could obtain in his laboratory. the freezing point of water. the coldest day where he was conducting his experiments.

the coldest temperature he could obtain in his laboratory.

What important practical device followed directly from Michael Faraday's work? the electric switch the battery the electromagnet the electric generator the thermostat

the electric generator

Heat engine efficiency is: directly proportional to radiation. the ratio of energy output to energy input. a rating scale for heaters. the term used in describing energy transfer by conduction. the ratio of energy input to temperature input.

the ratio of energy output to energy input.

An experiment is performed in which different masses and shapes are dropped from different heights and the times it take for each to reach the ground are recorded. Which of the following is the dependent variable? i.e. which variable is the RESULT of another variable? height mass time shape

time

Galileo's work demonstrated that the distance covered by an accelerating object depends on the square of the: final velocity. acceleration. mass. travel time. gravitational constant.

travel time.

When you cut a magnet in half you get: one magnetic monopole. two north poles. one south pole and one north pole. two magnets each with a north pole and south pole. two south poles.

two magnets each with a north pole and south pole.

Science affecting our daily lives is exemplified by: relying on hunches to solve crimes. using DNA evidence in criminal investigations. seeking the help of people with psychic visions in police work. relying entirely on preconceptions to identify people who may have committed crimes.

using DNA evidence in criminal investigations.