Conditioning and Learning Quiz

Which is a more modern way of thinking about the impact of reinforcers on the likelihood of repeating a specific, rewarded behavior? People are capable of choosing behaviors based on their anticipated outcomes, but lower animals are unable to make such a choice. Animals will learn about the consequences of an action and will perform it based on how much they value those consequences. All stimuli have the same capacity to encourage behaviors, whether they are pleasant of unpleasant. It is believed that rewards cannot strengthen behaviors unless punishments have also been received in response to the same behaviors. A neutral stimulus can come to elicit a response that was previously associated with a different stimulus.

Animals will learn about the consequences of an action and will perform it based on how much they value those consequences.

Which famed psychologist created the Bobo doll experiment, which demonstrated how aggressive behaviors could be acquired through observational learning? Skinner Pavlov Bandura Watson Garcia

Bandura

______ conditioning can contribute to the development of anxiety disorders such as phobias and panic disorder. Discriminative Incubation Fear Stress Distributed

Fear

How would you characterize Habit in terms of the Stimulus-Response-Outcome association? It's a Stimulus and then an Outcome association. It's a Response and then an Outcome association. It's an Outcome and then Stimulus association. It's a Stimulus and then a Response association. It's all of them - the Stimulus and then a Response and then an Outcome association.

It's a Stimulus and then a Response association.

Which of the following statements accurately presents a major difference between operant and Pavlovian conditioning? Operant addresses voluntary behaviors while Pavlovian addresses reflexive responses. Pavlovian addresses voluntary behaviors while Operant addresses reflexive responses. Pavlovian involves others engage in behaviors while Operant requires an individual to actually perform the actions herself. Pavlovian requires a direct observation of behaviors while Operant must be inferred from non-visible actors. Operant involves others engage in behaviors while Pavlovian requires an individual to actually perform the actions herself.

Operant addresses voluntary behaviors while Pavlovian addresses reflexive responses.

Which of the following individuals are most commonly connected with the principles of operant (or instrumental) conditioning? Thorndike and Skinner Seligman and Bandura Breland and Breland Garcia and Tolman Watson and Pavlov

Thorndike and Skinner

Pavlov conditions his dogs to salivate at the sound of a bell. Next, he flashes a green light every time the bell and food are presented, but the dogs do not learn to salivate to the green light. This demonstrates ______. extinction generalization decay interference blocking

blocking

Named after the Russian physiologist who first identified its basic principles, Pavlovian conditioning is also called: instrumental learning. classical conditioning. cognitive mapping. operant conditioning. R-S learning.

classical conditioning.

Aaron has been using heroin at his friend Luca's apartment. One night Aaron takes the same dose of heroin when he is home alone, and nearly dies from an overdose. Which phenomenon related to classical conditioning explains why this happened? stimulus generalization stimulus discrimination higher-order conditioning Pavlovian extinction conditioned compensatory responses

conditioned compensatory responses

In Pavlovian conditioning, a fundamental premise is that the only thing that a conditioned stimulus can cause is a(n): conditioned response. unconditioned response. higher-order response. discriminative response. neutral stimulus.

conditioned response.

Every time the instructor says, "To summarize today's lesson..." her students start packing up their notebooks. The students have learned this phrase as a ______ stimulus. unconditioned conditioned discriminative reflexive generalizing

discriminative

After their relationship ends, Mary is reminded of Sylvia constantly. Over time, however, she stops associating everything she sees with her ex-girlfriend. This demonstrates ______. a discriminative stimulus generalization stimulus control extinction social modeling

extinction

In Ivan Pavlov's original experiment, the ______ served as an unconditioned stimulus because it naturally elicited a response from the dogs. food salivation bell laboratory research assistant

food

Professor Karthum uses bonus points for excellent attendance. He knows that behaviors that lead to satisfying outcomes are more likely to be repeated. This is the basic premise of the: contingency principle. Skinner corollary. law of effect. law of diminishing returns. principle of stimulus generalization.

law of effect.

A reinforcer might not be particularly good at encouraging a behavior if many other, similar behaviors are also given similar rewards. This is the main point of the ______ law of effect. quantitative distributed qualitative scalloped discriminative

quantitative

Evolutionary theorists have suggested that human beings may have a natural aversion to bitter tastes because many lethal poisons have a bitter flavor. This natural ability to learn an association for biological reasons is called ______. preparedness stimulus discrimination blocking a learned aversion Option 5

preparedness

Effects that increase behaviors are called reinforcers; effects that decrease behaviors are called ______. negative secondary punishers insights learned aversions

punishers

ittle Rita watches Kalie constantly, often imitating her behaviors. Kalie serves as a(n) ______ for Rita. social model discriminative stimulus cognitive map unconditioned stimulus habitual response

social model

Paulie the porpoise is taught to jump through a hoop when his trainer blows a whistle. When the show closes for winter, Paulie loses this trained response. One day, however, someone blows a whistle in the crowd outside of Paulie's tank, and he jumps out of the water looking for a hoop. This re-emergence of an extinguished response is called: blocking the renewal effect spontaneous recovery preparedness prediction error

spontaneous recovery

Lilah chews mint bubble gum every day. After she gets the flu and feels nauseated she hates the taste of mint. This is an example of: food allergy. taste drift. vicarious conditioning. learned helplessness. taste aversion conditioning.

taste aversion conditioning.