CONSTITUTION TURN UPPPPPPPPPPPPP
What were the men at the Constitutional Convention known as?
"Framers of the Constitution"; Framers
Due to his role in the Constitutional Convention, what name was given to James Madison?
"The Father of the Convention"
How many members are in the Senate?
(2 per state)
Article II
(E)xecutive Branch
Article III
(J)udicial Branch
Article I
(L)egislative Branch
The Federalist Papers
- A series of essays written by Hamilton, Madison, and Jay (using the name "Publius") - Published in NY newspapers and used to convince readers to adopt the new constitution
Article IV, Section 3
- Admission of new states - Congress makes laws governing territories
President
- Commander in chief of the army - Formulates foreign policy - Can veto bills passed by Congress - Appoints federal judges
Senate
- Equal representation for all states - Represents the states - State legislature appoints Senators
What does Article III address?
- Judicial Branch (interprets and applies laws)
Well Known Anti-Federalists
- Patrick Henry, Richard Henry Lee, George Mason - ( Cato, Brutus, Federal Farmer )
House of Representatives
- Representation based on population - Represents the everyday citizen - Citizens elect members of the house
Article IV, Section 4
- Republican form of government guaranteed in each state - States are guaranteed protection from invasion and rebellion
What does Article I address?
- Role of Congress - CONGRESS HAS POWER TO DECLARE WAR - CONGRESS HAS THE POWER TO REGULATE INTERSTATE COMMERCE
What does Article II address?
- Role of the president - President is the head of the executive branch
What does Article IV address?
- States relations (towards each other & federal government)
What was the Constitution made up of?
- The Preamble - 7 Articles
What ideals for the government did the founders believe in?
- popular sovereignty - limited government - separation of powers - federalism - checks and balances - republicanism (see power point for definitions)
How long is the term for a House member?
2 years
How long is a Senator's term?
6 years
Shays' Rebellion
A series of attacks on courthouses by a small band of farmers led by Revolutionary War Captain Daniel Shays to block foreclosure proceedings.
Article V
Amendment Process
What does Article V address?
Amendment Process
What is the amendment process?
Amendment must be introduced to both houses of Congress and approved by 2/3 majority in each, then it is passed on to each of the fifty state legislatures and 3/4 of each must ratify the amendment
Extradition Clause
An accused person who flees to another state must be returned to the state in which he/she allegedly committed the crime.
Interstate
Between two or more states
The Virginia Plan (representation)
Bicameral legislature with membership based on each state's population.
Commerce Compromise
Congress cannot tax any exports from the states.
Slave Trade Compromise
Congress could not regulate or outlaw slavery or slave trade until 1808.
What is the supremacy clause?
Constitution is the supreme law of the land
Full Faith and Credit Clause
Constitution's requirement that each state accept the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state. ( Driver's license )
Mount Vernon Conference
Delegates from VA and MD met at Washington's home to settle disputes over Potomac River. Led to calls for overhaul of Articles of Confederation.
What was the Three-Fifths Compromise?
Each slave would count as three-fifths of one person for purposes of representation and taxation purposes.
Who elects the president?
Electoral College
How many electoral votes does each state get?
Equal to their number of congressmen; House + Senate. ( Remember the impact of the 3/5 Compromise)
Fugitive Slave Clause
Escaped slaves must be returned to their owners, even if they were caught in a free state.
Annapolis Convention
Failed to draw much support; Alexander Hamilton suggested another attempt at a convention.
Who was apart of the debate on Ratification?
Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists
The Constitution
Framework for government (not a very long document)
Who was chosen to serve as the presiding officer at the Constitutional Convention?
George Washington
What was the significance of Shays' Rebellion?
It caused panic throughout the new nation and highlighted the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation.
Who formulated the Virginia Plan?
James Madison
Who wrote the Bill of Rights?
James Madison
How do we know what happened at the Constitutional Convention given it was held in secret?
James Madison wrote a detailed account of the convention in his diary.
Who favored the Virginia Plan?
Larger states
Remember the Articles:
Lazy Elephants Jump Slowly And Sleep Regularly
Why was the Bill of Rights added to the Constitution?
Many states would only ratify the Constitution under the condition that a Bill of Rights would be passed.
Biggest complaint from the Anti-Federalists
No Bill of Rights
Anti-Federalists
People who opposed the Constitution
What was the Great Compromise?
Plan that settled representation of big and small states; a bicameral legislature that had an upper house with equal representation and a lower house with population based on representation (Senate and House of Representatives).
Privileges and Immunities Clause
Prevents a state from treating citizens of other states in a discriminatory manner. ( Smoking age in AL vs. FL ) ( Where you are PHYSICALLY located ) ( and WEED )
What was the original purpose of the Constitutional Convention?
REVISE the Articles of Confederation
Article VII
Ratification
What does Article VII address?
Ratification
What were the two major conflicts?
Representation and slavery
Who did not attend the Constitutional Convention?
Rhode Island
Who formulated the Great Compromise?
Roger Sherman
Who favored the New Jersey Plan?
Smaller states
Federalists
Supporters of the Constitution
Article VI
Supremacy Clause
What does Article VI address?
Supremacy Clause
TRUE or FALSE: Amendments have the same "status" as the rest of the Constitution.
TRUE
Article IV
The (S)tates
What happened within the first five days of the Constitutional Convention?
The Convention abandoned revision and decided that an entirely new government was necessary.
What is Judicial Review?
The Supreme Court's authority to decide if a law violates the Constitution.
What is ratification?
The constitution will go into effect when 9/13 states approve ( to ratify means to formally adopt ).
Constitutional Convention
The meeting of state delegates in 1787 in Philadelphia called to revise the Articles of Confederation. It instead designed a new plan of government, the US Constitution.
Bicameral
Two house legislature (Senate and House of Representatives).
The New Jersey Plan (representation)
Unicameral legislature with membership based on equal representation; one vote per state.
Intrastate
Within a single state
The Bill of Rights
Written to address the concerns of Anti-Federalists
