consumer behavior- mkt
What is the approximate population of the United States today?
320 million
The gay market has been estimated to comprise _____ percent of the adult U.S. population.
7
Which type of reference group influence do marketers use when developing advertisements?
A, B, and C
Which of the following is NOT a critical question for developing marketing communications?
All of the above are critical questions.
Which of the following statements regarding age is TRUE?
All of the above are true.
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding the religious/secular value in American society?
America is basically a religious society.
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding Americans' environment-oriented values?
Americans traditionally have not been very receptive to change.
In experiments, the power of groups to influence an individual to agree with the incorrect judgment of the others is known as the _____.
Asch phenomenon
_____ is defined as the exponential expansion of word-of-mouth.
Buzz
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding consumption subcultures?
Consumption must be shared physically to be a shared ritual that creates and sustains a group.
Which categories of participants are the true leaders of conversation and opinion in Web 2.0?
Creators and Critics
Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding culture?
Culture is acquired.
Xavier was born in 1940. He was too young to remember World War II, and he matured during the prosperous years of the 1950s and early 1960s. His favorite singer was, and still is, Elvis Presley. To which generation does he belong?
Depression generation
_____ values prescribe a society's relationship to its economic and technological as well as its physical environment.
Environment-oriented
Roger is an adult who has moved back in with his parents. He doesn't believe in sacrificing time, energy, and relations to the extent he sees older workers do for the sake of career or economic advancement. He has a master's degree but does not want to work for a large corporation. To which generation does Roger most likely belong?
Generation X
Which generation is both cynical and sophisticated about products, ads, and shopping?
Generation X
Individuals born between 1977 and 1994 belong to which generation?
Generation Y
Which country has the largest percentage of its citizens older than 60 years of age?
Japan
_____ is based on the cost of a standard market basket of products bought in each country.
Purchasing power parity (PPP)
_____ values reflect the objectives and approaches to life that the individual members of society find desirable.
Self-oriented
Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding Americans' other-oriented values?
Since World War II, Americans have increasingly valued diversity.
_____ is done to enhance the welfare of individuals or society without direct benefit to a firm.
Social marketing
_____ is the application of marketing strategies and tactics to alter or create behaviors that have a positive effect on the targeted individuals or society as a whole.
Social marketing
Vicki likes to visit a social network site called Fanfiction.com and read the stories that others post on this site. She doesn't really visit very often, and she has never posted a story on this site. Vicki is which type of social media participant?
Spectators
Which of the following is TRUE regarding the size and distribution of the population of the United States?
The growth has not been even throughout the United States.
Which of the following is TRUE regarding changes in American cultural values?
There is substantial variance in values across individuals and groups.
Which of the following countries tends to value individualism over collectivism?
United States
Social media is part of an online revolution online, sometimes referred to as _____.
Web 2.0
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding cross-cultural marketing?
While marketing strategy is heavily influenced by cultural factors, it does not influence aspects of cultures.
John purchases and is satisfied with his SUV because he believes that it provides greater crash safety than a sedan even though this is not technically true. John's satisfaction is based on the distinction between _____.
actual need fulfillment and perceived need fulfillment
When did Americans begin to place increased emphasis on leisure, immediate gratification, and sensual gratification?
after the end of World War II
Brand communities can deliver value-creating activities by _____.
all of the above
Digital savvy consumers are leading-edge digital users who are early adopters and diffusers of information related to technology in terms of ____.
all of the above
Gay consumers, like heterosexuals, vary in terms of _____.
all of the above
Individualism affects which of the following?
all of the above
Men are more involved than ever in the grocery shopping task because of _____.
all of the above
The Green Guides provide examples of acceptable and unacceptable practices dealing with advertising and package claims relating to such areas as the environment, in general, as well those relating specifically to
all of the above
John was born in 1955, and he has only known prosperity in his lifetime. He remembers when President Kennedy was assassinated, primarily because his family purchased their first color television not long after that event. While he remembers the Vietnam War, he was too young to be drafted. To which generation does he belong?
baby boom generation
Robert and his wife, Jan, were both born in the 1950s. The last of their three children will graduate from college soon, which is leaving them with increased discretionary income and time. To which generation do Robert and Jan belong?
baby boom generation
Which generation is considered to be more self-centered, individualistic, economically optimistic, skeptical, suspicious of authority, and focused on the present than other generations?
baby boom generation
A _____ is a gathering of owners and others for the purposes of interacting with one another in the context of learning about and using the brand.
brand fest
Jeep Jamboree, Jeep 101, and Camp Jeep, in which owners of Jeeps gather for the purposes of interacting with one another in the context of learning about and using their Jeeps, are examples of a _____.
brand fest
How can an organization provide superior customer value to customers?
by doing a better job of anticipating and reacting to customer needs than the competition does
Target stores give 1 percent of a customer's purchase to a school of his or her choice if the customer uses a Target Visa credit card to pay for purchases. Target will also donate 0.5 percent of all other purchases made on that card. This is an example of _____.
cause-related marketing
Which of the following is NOT a step in the information-processing model?
comparison
A distinctive subgroup of society that self-selects on the basis of a shared commitment to a particular product class, brand, or consumption activity is known as a _____.
consumption subculture
Which index is published by the Human Rights Campaign Foundation and measures how equitably a company treats its GLBT (Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender) employees, customers, and investors?
corporate equality index (CEI)
Budweiser is a popular brand of beer. Part of this company's market research of U.S. consumers looked at education levels of beer consumers. What education level is the likely consumer of beer (that with highest propensity to buy and consumer beer) to have attained?
did not graduate high school
The United States is comprised of a culture that accepts a wide array of personal behaviors and attitudes, foods, dress, and other products and services. Thus, the United States values _____.
diversity
In Japan, the exchange of meishi is the most basic of social rituals in a nation where social ritual matters very much. The act of exchanging meishi is weighted with meaning. Once the social minuet is completed, the two know where they stand in relation to each other and their respective statures within the hierarchy of corporate or government bureaucracy. What is "meishi"?
exchange of business cards
Which one of the four segments of world citizens feels positively about international brands, values their symbolic aspects, and is less concerned about corporate responsibility?
global dreamers
Which type of reference group influence occurs when individuals have internalized the group's values and norms?
identification
Carlos is attempting to segment the market for his company's products. Where should he begin?
identify product-related need sets
What are the two types of materialism?
instrumental and terminal
A portion of a larger market whose needs differ somewhat from the larger market is referred to as a(n) _____.
market segment
The product, price, communications, distribution, and services provided to the target market is referred to as the _____.
marketing mix
Amie usually wears a uniform to her Catholic school, but on the first Friday of every month, students can wear other clothes as long as they bring in something for the church's food bank. Amie loves to shop and has plenty of fashionable clothes, but on these free dress days, she usually wears blue jeans, a T-shirt, and athletic shoes. Her mother asked her why she doesn't wear her nice clothes, and Amie told her that she would be made fun of at school. Which type of influence do the other students have on Amie?
normative
Which type of reference group influence occurs when an individual fulfills group expectations to gain a direct reward or to avoid a sanction?
normative
Which of the following is NOT a broad form of cultural values?
object-oriented
Which of the following is an example of a self-oriented value?
religious/secular
The totality of an individual's thoughts and feelings about him or herself is known as _____.
self-concept
Which is NOT a step in the consumer's decision process?
self-concept analysis
The more consistent an individual is on all status dimensions, the greater the degree of _____ for the individual.
status crystallization
Which group classification variable refers to the closeness and intimacy of the group linkages?
strength of social tie
An estimate by the consumer of how much money he or she has available to spend on nonessentials is known as _____.
subjective discretionary income (SDI)
The Martins' household income is $123,000 per year. However, this family estimates that they have $45,000 available to spend on nonessentials such as vacations and entertainment. The $45,000 represents the Martins' _____.
subjective discretionary income (SDI)
Which changing American value has been blamed for the fact that people age 18 to 40 are most likely to admit that they are spending beyond their comfort range?
the shift toward immediate gratification
A culture's overall orientation toward time is known as its _____.
time perspective
Marketing strategy is formulated in terms of the marketing mix; that is, it involves determining the product, features, price, communications, distribution, and services that will provide customers with superior value. This entire set of characteristics is often referred to as the _____.
total product
Which of the following is NOT an other-oriented value?
tradition/change
To survive in a competitive environment, an organization must provide its target customers more _____ than is provided to them by its competition.
value
Identification influence is also called _____ influence.
value-expressive
Lakeisha is an architect, and her husband, Timothy, is an engineer. Both are in their early 30s. They represent a growing percentage of the workforce along with others who generate new ideas and technologies for a living or engage in complex problem solving. Lakeisha and Timothy are part of the _____.
creative class
Norms are derived from _____.
cultural values
Laurie saved for six months to have enough money to buy a new designer outfit to wear to a special party. She had to travel to a larger city to purchase this outfit, but it was worth it to her because it made her feel beautiful and confident. The difference between the benefits Laurie perceived from this purchase and the cost to her to acquire these benefits describes her _____.
customer value
Nick was born in 1972. As long as he can remember, his mother worked outside the home. When he was 12, his parents divorced, which was hard on him, but the same thing happened to several of his friends. When both of his parents remarried, his view of a family changed to include all of his stepsisters and brothers. To which generation does he belong?
Generation X
Which of the following is a cultural factor that affects consumer behavior and marketing strategy?
all of the above
Which of the following is a factor influencing nonverbal communications?
all of the above
Which of the following is a traditional American value?
all of the above
Which of the following is included in marketing communications?
all of the above
Which of the following is part of the marketing mix?
all of the above
Which of the following is used to evaluate the attractiveness of various market segments?
all of the above
Disney World in Orlando, FL, has several theme parks, resorts, restaurants, and stores. Each is intentionally created to offer a memorable event for visitors. For example, the Wilderness Lodge is a large resort hotel on the grounds, and everything within it is made to look like log cabins and pioneer days. Even the casual restaurant has the wait staff dressed in pioneer costumes, and they put on funny little skits when they are waiting on customers. Which of the following best describes what Disney is selling?
an experience
The behaviors considered appropriate for males and females in a given society are known as _____.
gender roles
Which of the following is strongly associated with occupation?
A and B
Which term is used to refer to the application of marketing principles and tactics to advance a cause such as a charity, an ideology, or an activity?
A and B
Harold is tasked with developing the marketing strategy for his family's business. What should he do first?
conduct a market analysis
Timothy and his wife are considering the purchase of a new car. In addition to the price, they are also considering the cost of insurance, gasoline, maintenance, finance charges, and license fees. All of these factors combined represent the _____.
consumer cost
Which of the following is one of the defining characteristics of American society?
individualism
Jamarcus was his collegiate chapter's delegate at a national conference of a professional business fraternity, Phi Chi Theta, in which he is a member. When the business meeting was conducted, parliamentary procedure was used, and Jamarcus was not familiar with this. Thus, he looked to the others to learn how he should behave in this situation. What type of influence does this reference group exhibit?
informational
Smaller women like to purchase fashionable clothes just as much as any women. However, most clothes are not proportioned for their smaller size and do not fit well. As a result, several manufacturers offer "petite" sizes of clothing for this group of consumers. Women who comprise this group have needs that differ somewhat from the total market and represent a _____.
market segment
Consumers 55 years of age and over constitute the _____ market.
mature
Which social class consists of office workers, schoolteachers, lower-level managers, plumbers, and factory supervisors?
middle class
Ralph is very prompt. If he says he will be there at 10:00 a.m., he will be there exactly at that time. Furthermore, he will not begin another task until he is completely done with the one he is currently working on. Which time perspective does Ralph have?
monochronic
Which term reflects the fact that most products in developed economies satisfy more than one need?
need set
Which type of community interacts over time around a topic of interest on the Internet?
online community
Individuals who filter, interpret, or provide product and brand-relevant information to their family, friends, and colleagues are known as _____.
opinion leaders
What are the two major ways time varies between cultures?
perspective and interpretation
Jose is from Brazil and is currently enrolled in an MBA program at a U.S. university. He routinely comes to class 30-60 minutes late and does not turn in assignments by the deadline. One of his professors pulled him aside and asked him why he's always late for class and turns his work in late. Jose was surprised that his professor was bothered by this as this behavior is entirely acceptable in Brazil. In fact, it's expected. Which of the following best describes Jose's time perspective?
polychronic
A hierarchical division of a society into relatively distinct and homogeneous groups with respect to attitudes, values, and lifestyles is known as a _____.
social class system
Which of the following is an online "pass-it-along" strategy?
viral marketing