contemp exam 2 test bank

Dynamic balance between systems and their parts is called a. synergy. b. homeostasis. c. inertia. d. suprasystems.

b. homeostasis.

Which illness has the characteristics of a chronic illness? a. Lupus b. Bronchitis c. Chicken Pox d. Gastroenteritis

a. Lupus

A homeless man sleeps on a park bench and eats one meal a day at a shelter. Which is the lowest level of Maslows basic needs he does not meet? a. Basic physiologic needs b. Safety needs c. Love and belonging needs d. Esteem needs

a. Basic physiologic needs

A patient with diabetes who refuses to change eating patterns may be in which stage of adjustment? a. Denial and disbelief b. Irritability and anger c. Attempting to gain control d. Acceptance and participation

a. Denial and disbelief

The nurse assists the patient with a bath in the morning because the patient has a cast on one hand and an intravenous line in the other. The nurse could be basing care on the philosophy of a. Henderson. b. Nightingale. c. Roy. d. Watson.

a. Henderson.

What is the primary difference between acute illness and chronic illness? a. In acute illness, symptoms begin suddenly, progress quickly, and subside quickly. b. In acute illness, symptoms begin suddenly, progress gradually, and do not subside. c. In chronic illness, symptoms begin gradually, progress suddenly, and subside quickly. d. In chronic illness, symptoms begin suddenly, require ongoing management, and subside quickly.

a. In acute illness, symptoms begin suddenly, progress quickly, and subside quickly.

Family structures have experienced change in the second half of the twentieth century. What is the most dramatic difference seen in families today? a. Increased incidence of single-parent families b. Reemergence of large, extended families c. Increased incidence of nuclear families d. Nuclear families moving closer to extended families

a. Increased incidence of single-parent families

The nurse is caring for a young Hispanic patient after surgery. The patient hesitates when the nurse asks about meal selections from the menu. When the parents return, the nurse asks them what foods are eaten when one is ill. The nurse could be basing care on the theory of a. Leininger. b. Neuman. c. Orlando. d. Peplau.

a. Leininger.

Leiningers theory uses the sunrise model. What is the major premise of Leiningers theory? a. Nursing care should be culturally congruent. b. Nursing care is based on personal, interpersonal, and social systems. c. Nursing care is a deliberate action based on observation. d. Nursing care is only possible after scientific evaluation.

a. Nursing care should be culturally congruent

Which nursing model is based on the assumption that people want to be in control of their lives? a. Orem b. King c. Roy d. Watson

a. Orem

Why is a basic understanding of ethnopharmacology part of being a culturally competent nurse? a. Significant differences among ethnic groups have been found in relation to the effects of medications. b. Ethnopharmacology is a new area of study important to all nurses. c. Nurses should know how medications may affect individual patients to properly administer the medication. d. Pharmacology is a significant aspect of nursing practice.

a. Significant differences among ethnic groups have been found in relation to the effects of medications.

A patient who had a broken neck in an automobile accident and was paralyzed, but eventually went back to college, obtained a law degree, and became a practicing lawyer could be said to be demonstrating a. adaptation. b. caring. c. self-care. d. homeostasis.

a. adaptation.

A nurse is caring for a new mother from Southeast Asia. The nurse is concerned that except for breastfeeding, the mother allows her mother-in-law to provide all other care for the baby. The plan of care and patient teaching for this mother should include a. assessing the postpartum practices in her country of origin. b. assuming that the mother-in-law will care for the baby well since she is experienced. c. completing the teaching outlined for new mothers. d. asking the mother-in-law not to care for the baby so that the mother learns the care.

a. assessing the postpartum practices in her country of origin.

A specific organizational structure that makes clear connections between concepts is a a. conceptual model. b. metaparadigm. c. philosophy. d. theory

a. conceptual model.

A contemporary view of the sick role includes a. patient as partner with the health care provider. b. patient as submissive to the health care provider. c. patient noncompliant with the health care provider. d. moving away from cultural values when making health care decisions.

a. patient as partner with the health care provider.

Which of the following is a primary reason for the initial slow growth of bachelors degree nursing programs in the United States? a. Belief that hands-on training received in hospital-based diploma programs was superior to the theoretical-focused content in bachelors degree programs b. Belief that hospital-based diploma programs were more scientifically based c. Belief that students prepared in hospital-based diploma programs were more compassionate caregivers d. Belief that hospital-based education programs facilitated career mobility

a. Belief that hands-on training received in hospital-based diploma programs was superior to the theoretical-focused content in bachelors degree programs

When should the preparation for the termination phase of the nurse-patient relationship begin? a. In the orientation phase b. During the working phase c. As part of the termination phase d. Right before termination

a. In the orientation phase

Which of the following is an important advantage of distance learning? a. It allows access to adult learners who are geographically unable to participate in a traditional classroom setting. b. It allows students to set their own learning objectives. c. It allows a student to take courses without clinical components. d. It allows universities to offer more classes with fewer faculty.

a. It allows access to adult learners who are geographically unable

Which of the following demonstrates giving information versus opinion? a. Mrs. Khan, lets practice together the breathing techniques you learned in Lamaze classes. That will help us to work together more effectively later when your labor is stronger. b. You learned breathing techniques in Lamaze classes. I really believe the breathing techniques make labor easier. c. Mrs. Khan, have you been practicing the breathing techniques you learned? It is very important to practice if you wish to use them effectively in labor. d. Using breathing techniques in labor is really to your benefit because you feel in control.

a. Mrs. Khan, lets practice together the breathing techniques you learned in Lamaze classes. That will help us to work together more effectively later when your labor is stronger.

What is the most important information the nurse should share with the patient during the orientation phase? a. Name, credentials, extent of responsibility b. Plan for the day, times the nurse will be unavailable, how to contact the nurse c. Nurses name, physicians name, possible discharge date d. Plan for discharge, teaching needs, goals for the day

a. Name, credentials, extent of responsibility

A mother asks the nurse if her 5-year-old can visit his twin brother in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) after cardiac surgery. The nurse denies the request because hospital policy states that children younger than 12 years of age are not allowed to visit the PICU. This illustrates which of Benners stages of nursing proficiency? a. Novice b. Advanced beginner c. Competent practitioner d. Proficient practitioner

a. Novice

Which of the following is an example of informal socialization into a profession? a. Nurses discussing a patient care issue in the presence of other nurses b. Taking an extra class for an elective c. Performing your first physical assessment in a client d. Teaching a patient about warfarin (Coumadin)

a. Nurses discussing a patient care issue in the presence of other nurses

Which of the following strategies may help to overcome reality shock in the novice nurse? a. Participating in a preceptorship b. Returning to school immediately after graduation c. Moving frequently from job to job d. Becoming emotionally involved with patients

a. Participating in a preceptorship

Which of the following suggests that a successful contract has been established between the nurse and patient in the orientation phase of the nurse-patient relationship? a. Patient has agreed to learn to change his colostomy bag. b. Patient ambulates in the hall without assistance. c. Patient allows the nurse to inject his daily insulin. d. Patient asks the charge nurse to verify that the staff nurses teaching is correct.

a. Patient has agreed to learn to change his colostomy bag.

The nurse finds a patient sitting in bed, rocking back and forth, wringing her hands and repeating rapidly, I cant breathe. My heart is pounding. I think Im going to die. Her physician is called to the bedside and tells the nurse, She is having an anxiety attack. What assessment can be made by the nurse? a. Severe anxiety is present in this patient. b. Cultural factors control anxiety levels. c. Focusing on discharge instruction will ease the anxiety. d. The level of anxiety cannot be determined at this point.

a. Severe anxiety is present in this patient.

A nursing student says to the clinical faculty, I know I will be able to care for this patient given your directions. In which stage of Cohens model of professional socialization is this student? a. Stage I: Unilateral dependence b. Stage II: Negativity/independence c. Stage III: Dependence/mutuality d. Stage IV: Interdependence

a. Stage I: Unilateral dependence

Which of the following is a part of the history of doctoral education in nursing? a. The nurse scientist program was discontinued after more universities began offering doctoral programs in nursing. b. The first doctoral degree (PhD) was offered at the University of Pittsburgh. c. The number of doctoral programs in nursing has doubled since 1990. d. The largest numbers of doctoral programs are practice-focused.

a. The nurse scientist program was discontinued after more universities began offering doctoral programs in nursing.

When a co-worker tells the nurse, I am not sure I will be able to give the right answers in the job interview, the nurse replies, I know what you mean. Interviews have always been a problem for me, too. This response can be evaluated as lacking a. appropriateness. b. efficiency. c. feedback. d. flexibility.

a. appropriateness.

The earliest type of formal nursing education program was the a. diploma program. b. associate degree program. c. bachelors degree program. d. grandfathered acceptance as registered nurse (RN).

a. diploma program.

The purpose of mandatory continuing education for license renewal is to a. ensure that nurses remain up to date in knowledge. b. ensure that nurses remain competent in psychomotor skills. c. ensure that nurses attend regular staff development meetings. d. ensure consistency between states regarding continuing education requirements.

a. ensure that nurses remain up to date in knowledge.

A patient states, The harder I try to get along with my son, the more I feel he just wants to be left alone, and the nurse responds, I guess parents have to expect these problems as children get older. The nurses response is an example of a communication breakdown known as a. failing to see the uniqueness of the individual. b. failing to recognize levels of meaning. c. using value statements d. failing to clarify unclear messages.

a. failing to see the uniqueness of the individual.

Therapeutic use of self involves a. forming a relationship based on the nurses knowledge, attitudes, and skills to communicate effectively. b. providing a safe environment based on the use of environmental manipulation and verbal limit setting. c. evaluation of nurse-patient interactions and the creation of social alliances. d. determining whether it is necessary to listen to the patient and provide feedback.

a. forming a relationship based on the nurses knowledge, attitudes, and skills to communicate effectively.

A nurse is irrigating pressure ulcers on a patients coccyx. When the patient asks how they are healing, the nurse grimaces and says, Oh, theyre doing just fine. This is a. incongruence between verbal and nonverbal messages. b. a confirming statement. c. objectivity in responding to the question. d. the therapeutic use of humor.

a. incongruence between verbal and nonverbal messages.

Collaboration in health care settings involves a. professionals respected for their unique knowledge and abilities. b. professionals educated in a collaborative model of education. c. recognition of individual professional accomplishments. d. a multitiered system hierarchy.

a. professionals respected for their unique knowledge and abilities.

Which of the following best describes the meaning of the term theory? a. A set of beliefs about the nature of how things work and how the world should be viewed b. A group of related concepts, definitions, and statements that describe a certain view of nursing phenomena from which to describe or predict outcomes c. An organizational structure that outlines concrete connections between concepts d. Statements that describe linkages between concepts and propose a testable outcome

b. A group of related concepts, definitions, and statements that describe a certain view of nursing phenomena from which to describe or predict outcomes

The nurse is interviewing the mother of a school-aged child. The mother states that their family consists of herself, her son, a female friend, and two foster children. One grandparent lives in another city, and one lives within two blocks of them. As the nurse works with this family, what implication is important to include? a. As a single parent, the mother has multiple roles to fill and will become stressed. b. As an extended family, all the children will receive attention from several adults. c. This child will lack male attention because he lives in a single-parent family. d. The quality of family life will be influenced because they are not a traditional family.

b. As an extended family, all the children will receive attention from several adults.

A nurse is assessing a patients level of social support. How can the nurse best determine the adequacy of the patients social support system? a. Noticing the number of visitors the patient has b. Asking for the patients perception of support c. Counting the number of community groups with which the patient is involved d. Assessing the patients family structure and roles

b. Asking for the patients perception of support

A nurse has been introduced to theory as a guide to research and practice. This nurse is prepared at which level of nursing education? a. Associate degree b. Bachelors degree c. Masters degree d. Doctoral degree

b. Bachelors degree

A patient diagnosed with breast cancer responded by gathering information about treatment options and becoming involved in a self-help group. The nurse assesses that the patient is demonstrating which personality characteristic? a. Independence b. Hardiness c. Self-control d. Tolerance

b. Hardiness

Which contemporary nursing theorist is best known for her definition of nursing that describes the nurses role as a substitute for the patient and as a helper and partner to the patient? a. Orem b. Henderson c. Watson d. King

b. Henderson

A patient states, I am so upset that I need a knee replacement. I should have done those exercises that the physical therapist told me to do years ago. In which stage of illness is the patient? a. Disbelief and denial b. Irritability and anger c. Attempting to gain control d. Depression and despair

b. Irritability and anger

A nurse practitioner caring for a diabetic patient thinks the patient could gain better control of the diabetes if the patient lost weight. After assessing the patients perception of weight loss, role, stresses, and support systems, the nurse and patient establish the goal of losing 5 pounds in a month. The nurse could be basing care on the conceptual model of a. Johnson. b. King. c. Orem. d. Roy.

b. King.

Which of the following describes one of the five levels of human needs identified by Maslow? a. Equilibration b. Love and belonging c. Growth and development d. Adaptation

b. Love and belonging

A school-aged child with spina bifida uses a wheelchair, attends school, and is actively involved in Scouting and science club. This child is meeting which of Maslows basic needs? a. Safety needs b. Love and belonging needs c. Esteem needs d. Self-actualization

b. Love and belonging needs

Which statement about acute illness is true? a. Most people with acute illness develop chronic illness. b. Most people with acute illness return to their previous level of wellness. c. All people with an acute illness need medical care. d. Acute illnesses are usually catastrophic in nature.

b. Most people with acute illness return to their previous level of wellness.

The nurse adjusts the patients room to allow the patient to see the sunlight out the window and checks the patients diet tray to ensure a balanced diet. The nurse could be basing care on the philosophy of a. Henderson. b. Nightingale. c. Roy. d. Watson.

b. Nightingale.

The nurse has established a relationship with a patient in whom asthma was recently diagnosed. Through their interactions, the nurse helps the patient understand the mechanism of asthma and develop the skills to use a spacer with the inhaler. The nurse could be basing care on the theory of a. Leininger. b. Peplau. c. Orlando. d. Neuman.

b. Peplau.

Which component of nursing theory describes a testable outcome? a. Conceptual model b. Proposition c. Framework d. Metaparadigm

b. Proposition

An 18-month-old child has been in three foster homes within the past 9 months. When the child is seen for a well-child visit, the nurse notices the child vigilantly watches everyone. This child may not have which of Maslows basic needs met? a. Basic physiologic needs b. Safety needs c. Love and belonging needs d. Self-actualization

b. Safety needs

An overriding principle of Nightingales writings on nursing dealt with which aspect of nursing? a. The relationship between nurses, physicians, and society b. The relationship between patients, health, and environment c. The relationship between illness and health practices d. The relationship between hospitals, nurses, and patients

b. The relationship between patients, health, and environment

An English-speaking nurse gave a nonEnglish-speaking Asian patient instructions about preparing an abdominal surgical site. The nurse showed the patient how the bottle of povidone-iodine was to be used in cleansing the area. The patient smiled and nodded throughout the instructions. The patient did not respond when asked if he had any questions. When the nurse left the room, the patient promptly drank the bottle of povidone-iodine. Which action would be most effective in preventing this error? a. Giving the patient written instructions in his language b. Using a medical interpreter to give the preoperative instructions c. Having the patient sign a statement that he understood the instructions d. Using illustrations to show the patient the procedure

b. Using a medical interpreter to give the preoperative instructions

Which contemporary theorist is best known for her emphasis on the caring aspect of nursing? a. Orem b. Watson c. Henderson d. King

b. Watson

A patient is in the intensive care unit after a myocardial infarction and refuses to stay in bed, saying, I have to be up and walking around. When I stayed in bed after having my babies 40 years ago, I got so weak I could hardly move. This patients illness behavior is being influenced by a. hardiness. b. past experiences. c. culture. d. role expectations.

b. past experiences.

A mother asks the nurse if her 5-year-old can visit his twin brother in the PICU after cardiac surgery. The nurse denies the request because hospital policy states that children younger than 12 years of age are not allowed to visit the PICU but suggests that the mother visit with the child in the visitors lounge and talk to him about what is happening with his brother. This illustrates which of Benners stages of nursing proficiency? a. Novice b. Advanced beginner c. Competent practitioner d. Proficient practitioner

b. Advanced beginner

Which type of basic nursing education program graduates the largest number of RNs in the United States today? a. Diploma programs b. Associate degree programs c. BSN programs d. Nurse practitioner programs

b. Associate degree programs

Context is one of the five major elements of communication identified by Ruesch. Which of the following is part of the context of communication? a. Information about the sender b. Attitude of the receiver c. Response of the receiver d. Content of the message

b. Attitude of the receiver

Which of the following illustrates an effective strategy for a registered nurse student returning for a bachelors of science in nursing (BSN)? a. Get reacquainted with the library; expect to spend many hours there doing research. b. Be open to information that does not seem to be readily applicable to your current position. c. Start a program only if you have a great deal of free time to devote to classes on campus. d. Use your co-workers as a sounding board to relieve frustration.

b. Be open to information that does not seem to be readily applicable to your current position.

Which of the following is most important in order for a new staff nurse to communicate therapeutically with patients? a. Focusing interactions on educating patients about their treatments b. Becoming aware of own feelings about illness and death c. Sharing information about the intimate details of ones own life d. Presenting himself or herself as a knowledgeable and experienced clinician

b. Becoming aware of own feelings about illness and death

A mother asks the nurse if her 5-year-old can visit his twin brother in the PICU after cardiac surgery. The nurse knows that hospital policy states that children younger than 12 years of age are not allowed to visit the PICU. After considering the needs of the patient and his brother, the nurse suggests that the brother can visit for 5 minutes. This illustrates which of Benners stages of nursing proficiency? a. Advanced beginner b. Competent practitioner c. Proficient practitioner d. Expert practitioner

b. Competent practitioner

The parents of a 4-year-old diabetic have become increasingly argumentative especially about whether the father helps enough with child care and housekeeping. He works two jobs which leaves little time to help his stay-at-home wife. Which nursing intervention is most appropriate for this family? a. Referring the parents to a marriage counselor b. Discussing with the parents the stresses they perceive in the situation c. Suggesting that the father give up one of his jobs d. Identifying a way to reallocate the childs diabetes care between the parents

b. Discussing with the parents the stresses they perceive in the situation

Using simple, clear words to explain the details of a colonoscopy procedure shows sensitivity to which successful communication criterion? a. Appropriateness b. Efficiency c. Feedback d. Flexibility

b. Efficiency

Which of the following is an effective way to maintain safe professional boundaries? a. Never accepting small gifts from patients b. Finding ways to satisfy your needs through personal relationships outside of nursing c. Avoiding caring for patients who ask personal questions about you d. Sharing your personal stories so that patients will feel understood and trusting

b. Finding ways to satisfy your needs through personal relationships outside of nursing

Which early nursing theorist defined nursing in interpersonal terms by stating that nursing is a significant, therapeutic, and interpersonal process? a. Virginia Henderson b. Hildegard Peplau c. Martha Rogers d. Dorothea Orem

b. Hildegard Peplau

A new mother says to the nurse, It really hurts me to breastfeed. I think I should wean my baby. The most appropriate response by the nurse is, a. It is good to wean the baby early because it is easier on you. b. If I understand you, it hurts when you breastfeed. Tell me how and when it hurts. c. It is your decision to make whether you breastfeed. d. You should continue to breastfeed because it is much better for the baby.

b. If I understand you, it hurts when you breastfeed. Tell me how and when it hurts.

Benner describes five stages of nursing proficiency as students develop into expert nurses. Which of the following is not a stage of development described by Benner? a. Novice b. Inexpert beginner c. Competent practitioner d. Expert practitioner

b. Inexpert beginner

Which of the following is true about bachelors of science in nursing (BSN) education? a. Faculty must be BSN prepared. b. It is recommended by professional organizations as preparation for entry into practice. c. It requires 3 years to complete. d. Faculty are not given full faculty status in the university.

b. It is recommended by professional organizations as preparation for entry into practice.

Which of the following nursing leaders is credited with being one of the earliest nursing educators in the world? a. Isabel Hampton Robb b. Mary Adelaide Nutting c. Melinda Anne Richards d. Annie W. Goodrich

b. Mary Adelaide Nutting

A patient has been diagnosed with angina. As he talks with the nurse, he asks several good questions about angina and seems able to concentrate on the explanations. He seems eager to learn how to manage his condition. What assessment can be made by the nurse? a. Severe anxiety is present. b. Mild anxiety is present. c. Moderate anxiety is present. d. The level of anxiety cannot be determined.

b. Mild anxiety is present.

Which recommendation made by the 1965 American Nurses Association (ANA) position paper and other position papers of national nursing organizations is still an issue today? a. Education for nursing should take place in hospital-based programs. b. Minimum preparation for professional nursing practice should be the BSN degree. c. Minimum preparation for technical nursing practice should be the licensed practical/vocation nurse (LPN/LVN) diploma. d. Education for nursing must be evidence-based.

b. Minimum preparation for professional nursing practice should be the BSN degree.

The nurse says to a newly diagnosed diabetic patient, I will be working with you during your 3-day stay to help you practice insulin injections and to review your new diet. Im wondering if we could find a time of day to begin the teaching sessions that is good for us. This conversation would occur in which phase of the nurse-patient relationship? a. Acquaintance phase b. Orientation phase c. Working phase d. Termination phase

b. Orientation phase

When planning for patient teaching, the nurse is aware that which of the following factors create(s) a barrier to learning? a. Mild anxiety b. Pain and fatigue c. Family presence d. Patient autonomy

b. Pain and fatigue

A nursing student asks, Why do I have to go to clinical in obstetrics when I know Ill never work with women and children? In which stage of Cohens model of professional socialization is this student? a. Stage I: Unilateral dependence b. Stage II: Negativity/independence c. Stage III: Dependence/mutuality d. Stage IV: Interdependence

b. Stage II: Negativity/independence

A new graduate nurse is in the fifth week of working on a busy surgical unit. The nurse tells a friend about witnessing some patient care that was appalling. What should the nurse do? a. Return to school to obtain a masters of science in nursing (MSN) and leave bedside nursing. b. Talk to the other nurses involved in the situation about the concerns. c. Report the behavior to the nurse manager of the unit. d. Accept that this is the reality of nursing in a busy unit.

b. Talk to the other nurses involved in the situation about the concerns

A 4-year-old child is going to have an abdominal x-ray examination. The child asks, Why do they have to do this? Will it hurt? Which of the following is the most appropriate response by the nurse? a. The doctor needs you to have the x-ray so she knows what is wrong with you. b. You will go to the x-ray department so they can take pictures of your tummy to find out why you have a tummy ache. The bed you lie on may be cool, but you will have a blanket to keep you warm. The test will not hurt. c. You will go downstairs on a stretcher. You will need to lie very still on a hard table while the x-ray machine goes over you. It will not take very long. d. X-rays do not hurt. The machine takes a picture but will not touch you.

b. You will go to the x-ray department so they can take pictures of your tummy to find out why you have a tummy ache. The bed you lie on may be cool, but you will have a blanket to keep you warm. The test will not hurt.

Within nurse-patient communication, the use of silence can a. block further therapeutic communication. b. allow the patient to not feel pressured to provide information. c. demonstrate trust. d. provide the nurse with an opportunity to complete the patients care.

b. allow the patient to not feel pressured to provide information.

Using Hagerty and Patuskys theory of human relatedness (2003), the nurse-patient relationship has been reconceptualized by approaching a. each patient contact as one step in a lengthy relationship-building process. b. patients with a sense of the patients autonomy, choice, and participation. c. the relationship as one in which the nurse has the power. d. the nurse-patient contact as an opportunity to streamline caregiving.

b. patients with a sense of the patients autonomy, choice, and participation.

A patient states, I do not understand why I keep getting these headaches. I have seen a nurse practitioner and two specialists. I have taken several medications, but the headaches keep coming back. In which stage of illness is the patient? a. Disbelief and denial b. Irritability and anger c. Attempting to gain control d. Acceptance and participation

c. Attempting to gain control

Banduras theory of self-efficacy described peoples response to health-related behaviors. Which of the following was a major premise of this theory? a. Patients will take responsibility for their health if they understand the risks and benefits. b. A cue to action is a powerful motivator for changing health behavior. c. Belief in self as having the ability to improve health is important in changing health behaviors. d. Health is genetically predetermined and cannot be influenced by an individuals actions or beliefs

c. Belief in self as having the ability to improve health is important in changing health behaviors.

Which of the following is an appropriate intervention for the nursing diagnosis of spiritual distress? a. Never pray with patients or share readings that can have a religious connection. b. Inform patients of the prevalent religious beliefs that exist in the locale where they are being treated. c. Consider patients religious beliefs when planning care. d. Reassure patients that they should not blame God for their illness.

c. Consider patients religious beliefs when planning care.

An adult has difficulty initiating a conversation, and in working with others always agrees with them because My opinion is not important. Which of Maslows basic needs is not being met by this person? a. Basic physiologic needs b. Love and belonging needs c. Esteem needs d. Self-actualization

c. Esteem needs

What is an advantage of the holistic view of health valued by nurses? a. Altering an individuals health beliefs to promote health b. Identifying a state of optimal role functioning c. Focusing on the interrelationship of all parts of a whole person d. Emphasizing the environment

c. Focusing on the interrelationship of all parts of a whole person

Which illness has the characteristics of an acute illness? a. Exercise-induced asthma b. Type 2 diabetes c. Influenza d. Cleft palate

c. Influenza

Which nursing theorist is best known for her emphasis on interacting systems, including nurse and patient in goal setting and goal attainment? a. Watson b. Roy c. King d. Orem

c. King

Which one of the following guiding principles helps explain nursings holistic approach? a. Nursing care can be provided in a variety of settings. b. Nursing care persists even in the absence of scientific research. c. Nursing care considers mind, body, and spirit. d. Nursing provides care regardless of a patients belief systems or culture.

c. Nursing care considers mind, body, and spirit.

The nurse is caring for a postoperative patient who is unable to feed himself and complete basic activities of daily living. The nurse does catheter care and changes the surgical dressing, as well as assisting with feeding and hygiene. The nurse could be basing care on the conceptual model of a. Johnson. b. King. c. Orem. d. Roy.

c. Orem.

The nurse observes a patient pacing around the room. The patient expresses concern that being hospitalized will cause lost wages and create economic problems. The nurse infers that the patient is anxious, which the patient confirms. The nurse could be basing care on the theory of a. Leininger b. Neuman c. Orlando d. Peplau

c. Orlando

Which nursing theorist is best known for her emphasis on inferences based on observation of patient behavior, confirmation by the patient, and results in effective care based on identified patient needs? a. Leininger b. Neuman c. Orlando d. Peplau

c. Orlando

Which of the following is the World Health Organizations definition of health? a. People in harmony with environment b. A state of optimum functioning for an individual in the performance of roles and tasks c. Physical, mental, and social well-being, not just the absence of disease or infirmity d. Functioning at maximum potential with the environment

c. Physical, mental, and social well-being, not just the absence of disease or infirmity

How can nurses contribute to a healthier environment? a. Supporting the purchase of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) products b. Teaching the benefits of using disposable diapers to new parents c. Recommending the purchase of nondisposable products when possible d. Leaving the computer on to reduce the electrical use of rebooting

c. Recommending the purchase of nondisposable products when possible

Which nursing theorist based her model on the belief that adaptation to changes in the environment is the basis of health? a. Watson b. King c. Roy d. Peplau

c. Roy

Peplaus theory focuses on the therapeutic relationship as the key to successful nursing intervention. Which of the following is correct about Peplaus theory? a. It is a grand theory that demonstrates that defining nursing was more important than application to practice. b. Her theory developed from her work with oncology patients. c. The theory describes six key nursing roles that are flexibly used, depending on the practice setting. d. Her theory describes nursing roles as mother, technician, salesman, scholar, and advocate.

c. The theory describes six key nursing roles that are flexibly used, depending on the practice setting.

Which of the following best describes a middle-range theory? a. They are very limited in scope and are confined to one to three concepts. b. They do not incorporate the elements of nursings metaparadigm in use. c. They usually blend nursing practice with nursing research. d. They do not borrow concepts from other disciplines.

c. They usually blend nursing practice with nursing research.

A Caucasian nurse is caring for a Native American after a stroke. The nurse finds the patient sleeping while holding several small feathers bound by a beaded leather thong. The nurse should consider the possibility that this is a. an interesting trinket to brighten the environment. b. a gift from his grandchildren to make him feel closer to the family. c. an important item used in native healing practices. d. an item that might introduce microorganisms into the hospital environment

c. an important item used in native healing practices.

A patients spouse and son were recently killed in an automobile accident, and the patients position in a large company has been eliminated due to corporate reorganization. The patient states, I do not think I can handle this. The nurse could safely make the assumption that a. the patient will soon develop clinical depression. b. the patient needs hospitalization to foster adaptation. c. environmental factors may have a negative impact on this persons health. d. self-care will assure the patients ability to readjust.

c. environmental factors may have a negative impact on this persons health.

A broad, general view of nursing that clarifies values and answers broad disciplinary questions for nursing is known as a a. conceptual model. b. metaparadigm. c. philosophy. d. theory.

c. philosophy.

A patient in whom metastatic cancer is diagnosed tells the nurse, God has never let me down before. Ill pray for strength. This patients illness behavior is being influenced by a. resiliency. b. sense of control. c. spirituality. d. depression.

c. spirituality.

In 2004, the AACN proposed a new doctoral degree, the doctor of nursing practice (DNP). What is the focus of the DNP degree in nursing? a. Nursing research b. Nursing quality improvement c. Advanced clinical practice d. Nursing theory development

c. Advanced clinical practice

Which of the following is an example of Orems self-care theory? a. Assuring proper fresh air and ventilation b. Demonstrating good handwashing techniques c. Assisting a disoriented patient with a bath d. Performing a visual screening exam

c. Assisting a disoriented patient with a bath

Which of the following is the primary distinction between licensure and certification? a. Certification is required to practice nursing. b. Licensure is granted automatically on completion of an accredited nursing program. c. Certification validates a high level of proficiency. d. Licensure is voluntary.

c. Certification validates a high level of proficiency.

Which of the following examples illustrates the nurses failure to use flexibility effectively in professional communication? a. Asking on the admission assessment, You dont smoke, do you? b. When updating a family member on a patients condition stating, Your wifes ABG report indicates significant hypoxia. c. Continuing to follow the agenda in a staff meeting when people are obviously upset by a recent death on the unit d. Requiring nurses to read back phone orders to physicians

c. Continuing to follow the agenda in a staff meeting when people are obviously upset by a recent death on the unit

Which behaviors help patients develop trust in the nurse? a. Answering questions with authority b. Sharing personal information to indicate openness c. Conveying acceptance of the patient and a nonjudgmental attitude d. Meeting with the patient spontaneously because that indicates caring

c. Conveying acceptance of the patient and a nonjudgmental attitude

Which of the following best illustrates nonjudgmental acceptance by the nurse? a. Using professional influence to change a patients morality to be more in keeping with societal norms b. Changing your assignment if you discover that you have negative feelings toward your patients lifestyle c. Demonstrating caring behavior in spite of negative feelings d. Avoiding all negative feelings about the patient

c. Demonstrating caring behavior in spite of negative feelings

The Goldmark Report focused on what aspect of nursing? a. Consistency in length of nursing education programs b. Consistency in theory content across diploma programs c. Desirability of establishing schools of nursing within academic settings d. Increasing numbers of physicians teaching in nursing programs

c. Desirability of establishing schools of nursing within academic settings

A patient is being discharged from the hospital. Which statement by the nurse is appropriate for the termination phase of the nurse-patient relationship? a. You must be happy to be going home. Here are the written diet and medication instructions. b. It has been wonderful getting to know you. The best of luck when you get home. c. During the past 3 days, you have learned how to inject insulin and how to make appropriate food choices. Remember that you have the unit telephone number if you have any questions. d. You have done well learning a lot of new material and should be able to do well at home.

c. During the past 3 days, you have learned how to inject insulin and how to make appropriate food choices. Remember that you have the unit telephone number if you have any questions.

The nurse and patient may experience sadness during the termination phase. How can the nurse help the patient be successful in the termination phase of the nurse-patient relationship? a. Providing personal contact information so the patient can contact the nurse if needed b. Visiting the patient at home during off-duty time to help the transition to self-care c. Emphasizing the achievements the patient has made, including the ability for self-care d. Exchanging goodbye gifts as a sign that the relationship is terminated

c. Emphasizing the achievements the patient has made, including the ability for self-care

A new mother says to the nurse, It really hurts me to breastfeed. I think I should wean my baby. The nurse responds, If I understand you, it hurts when you breastfeed. Tell me how and when it hurts. This response best represents which criterion of successful communication? a. Appropriateness b. Efficiency c. Feedback d. Flexibility

c. Feedback

The nurse plans to teach a patient about the care of her mastectomy site. The nurse finds the patient crying. The best response by the nurse is, a. It is time to discuss how to care for the surgical site. b. You seem upset. You should start looking forward to going home and being a wife and mother again. c. I see you are upset. Is there something on your mind youd like to talk about? d. Dr. Abrams said you can go home tomorrow, and we need to talk about the care of your surgical site.

c. I see you are upset. Is there something on your mind youd like to talk about?

Who is credited with developing the model of associate degree nursing education? a. Esther Lucille Brown b. Annie W. Goodrich c. Mildred Montag d. National League for Nursing

c. Mildred Montag

All levels of nursing educational programs can be accredited by which organization? a. American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) b. Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE) c. National League for Nursing Accrediting Commission (NLNAC) d. National League for Nursing Councils of Education Programs (NLNCEP)

c. National League for Nursing Accrediting Commission (NLNAC)

Which of the following recommendations resulting from the 1934 study Nursing Schools Today and Tomorrow still has relevance today? a. Nursing students should be trained on the job. b. Nursing students should be used to staff hospitals on the weekends. c. Nurses should be highly educated. d. Nurses with highly developed instincts do not require standards of practice.

c. Nurses should be highly educated.

A patient demonstrates obvious regression in ability to perform self-care during the working phase. Which response by the nurse is most appropriate? a. Frustration because the patient does not appear to be motivated to achieve goals b. Persistence in demonstrating the importance of achieving goals c. Patience and understanding because regression is a defense mechanism d. Ignoring it because the nurse realizes the patient is exhibiting childlike behavior

c. Patience and understanding because regression is a defense mechanism

A mother asks the nurse if her 5-year-old can visit his twin brother in the PICU after cardiac surgery. The nurse knows that hospital policy states that children younger than 12 years of age are not allowed to visit the PICU. The nurse grants the request. This illustrates which of Benners stages of nursing proficiency? a. Advanced beginner b. Competent practitioner c. Proficient practitioner d. Expert practitioner

c. Proficient practitioner

A nurse observes a new graduate nurse being harassed by co-workers when asking questions or requesting help. What action by the nurse is best? a. Do not intervene, because it will only invite more harassment. b. Ask the nursing manager to intervene on behalf of the new nurse. c. Respectfully confront the staff and explain that this behavior is not part of nursing. d. Teach the new nurse to stand up for himself or herself when harassed. This is bullying behavior by the staff, and often the new nurse cannot handle it alone. If the new nurse cannot manage this with mentoring of the seasoned nurse, the other nurse should help the new nurse report this behavior to the management staff.

c. Respectfully confront the staff and explain that this behavior is not part of nursing.

A nursing student says, I can now see how developing care plans helps organize my thoughts and patient care. In which stage of Cohens model of professional socialization is this student? a. Stage I: Unilateral dependence b. Stage II: Negativity/independence c. Stage III: Dependence/mutuality d. Stage IV: Interdependence

c. Stage III: Dependence/mutuality

Which of the following is an example of formal socialization into the profession of nursing? a. Unplanned observation of a nurse comforting a child after a painful procedure b. Hearing two nurses discussing how to organize patient care more effectively c. Starting an intravenous (IV) line in the simulation laboratory under faculty guidance d. Participating in a student nurses association meeting

c. Starting an intravenous (IV) line in the simulation laboratory under faculty guidance

Black illustrates concepts of preventing burnout by using the example of a flight attendant instructing persons to put your own oxygen mask on first. What does this statement mean? a. Oxygen is the most important element of life. b. Airway is always a priority in patient care. c. Taking care of yourself will enable you to be a better nurse. d. Ask others for help if you feel overwhelmed by your first position as a nurse.

c. Taking care of yourself will enable you to be a better nurse.

In which of the following examples is the nurse demonstrating empathy for the postoperative mastectomy patient? a. With todays advanced reconstruction techniques, youll quickly forget you ever had surgery. b. Youll be back to your busy routine sooner than you think. c. This must be a very difficult time for you. d. I know how you feel; I also had breast cancer.

c. This must be a very difficult time for you.

Which of the following best describes Peplaus theory on therapeutic use of self? a. Putting patients needs ahead of your own b. Providing excellent clinical skills to improve patients health status c. Using excellent interpersonal skills to help patients improve their health status d. Self-protection through avoidance of a relationship with the patient

c. Using excellent interpersonal skills to help patients improve their health status

A newly diagnosed diabetic patient states I have very definite likes and dislikes when it comes to food. Am I going to have to eat only certain foods, or will I have some choice? The nurse responds, Why dont you give me a list of your likes and dislikes? I will consult with the dietitian about how to include your preferences and still come up with a good diet for you. What phase of the nurse-patient relationship is this? a. Relationship phase b. Orientation phase c. Working phase d. Termination phase

c. Working phase

The best definition of ethnocentrism is a. a tendency to compare the behavior of others with your own cultural values. b. an astute awareness of your own personal biases regarding other cultures. c. a tendency to view your own culture as superior to others. d. the ability to incorporate patients cultural beliefs and values into health teaching.

c. a tendency to view your own culture as superior to others.

Nurses can best help patients deal with stress by a. helping patients eliminate all stress from their lives. b. helping patients communicate their stress better to friends and family. c. helping patients evaluate their lifestyles for areas of potential stress. d. intervening in the family system to reduce family stress.

c. helping patients evaluate their lifestyles for areas of potential stress.

Collaboration among health care professionals most importantly results in a. the development of esprit de corps. b. benefits to the organization alone. c. positive patient outcomes. d. maintenance of employee satisfaction.

c. positive patient outcomes.

In 1900, the primary reason for hospital-based nursing education programs was to a. educate nurses to care for patients in hospitals. b. provide educational opportunities for women. c. staff the hospitals that operated the education programs. d. provide standardized preparation for nurses.

c. staff the hospitals that operated the education programs.

A patient states, I have knowledge about my diet and how to do my insulin injections, so I can get on with my life. In which stage of illness is this patient? a. Disbelief and denial b. Irritability and anger c. Attempting to gain control d. Acceptance and participation

d. Acceptance and participation

An adult wears a helmet when riding a bicycle because he believes that his cycling skills might not prevent an accident, which could result in a head injury with serious consequences. Which component of the health beliefs model is this person demonstrating? a. Knowledge that cycling is good exercise and improves health b. Perception of vulnerability to head injury from a bicycle accident c. Concern about his cycling skills d. Belief that individuals should prevent injuries

d. Belief that individuals should prevent injuries

A patient tells the nurse, Ill let you do whatever you think is best for me. The patient does very little independently without calling for assistance. The nurses conclude that the patient is demonstrating which personality characteristic? a. Acceptance b. Sense of control c. Coping d. Dependence

d. Dependence

A patient states, There is no hope. Theyre going to keep me here until I die. Cant you give me my medication more often? Im going to die anyway. In which stage of illness is this patient? a. Disbelief and denial b. Irritability and anger c. Attempting to gain control d. Depression and grief

d. Depression and grief

A nurse conducts theory testing and theory development research to develop nursing science. This nurse is prepared at which level of nursing education? a. Associate degree b. Bachelors degree c. Masters degree d. Doctoral degree

d. Doctoral degree

Which of the following is believed about the concept of locus of control? a. Internally controlled people see themselves as responsible for their health and amenable to change. b. Externally controlled people believe health is controlled by what they do. c. Internally controlled people believe health is controlled by environmental factors. d. Externally controlled people are not likely to change their health behaviors.

d. Externally controlled people are not likely to change their health behaviors.

Which statement by an obese individual could be assessed as perceiving self-efficacy? a. Ive never been able to lose weight on any diet. b. Its better to maintain ones weight than lose weight and gain it all back. c. Ill be all right as long as my spouse will stay on the diet with me. d. I believe I can stay on this diet as long as necessary.

d. I believe I can stay on this diet as long as necessary.

Which of the following is the primary focus of Healthy People 2020? a. Improving the health of individuals b. Improving the health of children c. Improving the health of families d. Improving the health of communities

d. Improving the health of communities

A young girl from a Middle Eastern country is in the process of dying. Her parents ask the nurses to allow her to be prepared for death by being dressed in a specific garment and headdress every day. The parents cannot be there every day to do this and ask the nurses to apply the attire. Which actions by the nurses demonstrate culturally competent care? a. Allowing the parents to dress the patient in the garment and headdress when they are by her side b. Consulting the chaplain as to the meaning of the ritual in the Middle East c. Informing the parents that hospital policy requires all patients to wear hospital garments d. Learning how to apply the garment and headdress properly

d. Learning how to apply the garment and headdress properly

. The nursing process is an example of which of the following branches of philosophy? a. Aesthetics b. Ethics c. Epistemology d. Logic

d. Logic

Nursing theory provides a foundation for theory-based practice and curriculum development. Which is a primary reason for incorporating theory into education? a. Nursing theory helps nurses explain their practice to members of other disciplines. b. Nursing theory helps transmit knowledge to new professional nurses. c. Nursing theory contributes to professional autonomy, an important characteristic of all professions. d. Nursing theory is taught as a guide to nursing practice and to teach students care within the unique perspective of nursing.

d. Nursing theory is taught as a guide to nursing practice and to teach students care within the unique perspective of nursing.

Which of the following is true of Maslows basic need of self-actualization? a. Once self-actualization is achieved, it is never lost. b. Elderly people outgrow the need for self-expression and self-development. c. Most people achieve self-actualization after all other needs are met. d. People use their abilities to the fullest extent possible and are true to their nature.

d. People use their abilities to the fullest extent possible and are true to their nature.

A patient was diagnosed with ovarian cancer 5 years ago. She underwent chemotherapy and radiotherapy, but cancer returned 2 years ago with metastases to the bone and possibly the lung. She says the cancer is no longer curable, but treatable. During this time the patients daughter was critically injured in a car accident and now lives with a traumatic brain injury, needing round-the-clock care. Her husband had an affair. She continues to work and volunteers with various community groups. Which phenomenon is the patient demonstrating? a. Resourcefulness b. Independence c. Acceptance d. Resilience

d. Resilience

A patient had a significant blood loss in surgery and now has a low hemoglobin level. The patient complains of fatigue. The nurse intervenes to facilitate adaptation by establishing periods of rest and scheduling activities throughout the day. The nurse could be basing care on the conceptual model of a. Johnson. b. King. c. Orem. d. Roy.

d. Roy.

Which of the following human needs was not included in Hendersons 14 basic needs of patients? a. Need for work b. Sleep and rest c. Spirituality d. Sexuality

d. Sexuality

Which is true of verbal and nonverbal communication? a. Verbal messages are more important than nonverbal cues. b. Individuals can exercise more control over nonverbal communication. c. Verbal and nonverbal communication always match. d. The nonverbal communication may be a more reliable message.

d. The nonverbal communication may be a more reliable message.

Which of the following is true of open systems? a. They have very little interaction with the environment. b. Parts are independent of each other. c. Exchange of information is sporadic and intermittent. d. The whole is greater than the sum of all of its parts.

d. The whole is greater than the sum of all of its parts.

The nurse teaches the patient how to administer insulin. Before this the nurse and patient had developed a trusting relationship over several days, which included sharing feelings about having to take daily medication. The patient expressed confidence in the care provided by the nurse. The nurse could be basing care on the philosophy of a. Henderson. b. Nightingale. c. Roy. d. Watson.

d. Watson.

A patient in whom cancer has just been diagnosed tells the nurse, Just get out of here and leave me alone! Let me suffer alone. God is punishing me. The nurse determines that the most appropriate nursing diagnosis for this patient is a. risk for loneliness. b. powerlessness. c. dysfunctional grieving. d. spiritual distress.

d. spiritual distress.

A group of concepts and propositions that describe linkages between the concepts is a a. conceptual model. b. metaparadigm. c. philosophy. d. theory.

d. theory.

Who is credited with developing the theory on systems? a. Rogers b. Maslow c. Rosenstock d. von Bertalanffy

d. von Bertalanffy

How would a nurses use of the technique of reflection help a person? a. Showing an awareness of the persons feelings b. Causing the person to answer more fully than yes or no c. Showing knowledge the person is not expected to know d. Encouraging the person to think through problems for himself or hersel

d. Encouraging the person to think through problems for himself or herself

A 5-year-old with a twin brother is admitted to the PICU after cardiac surgery. Hospital policy does not allow individuals younger than 12 years of age to visit the PICU. The nurse recognizes the needs of the patient and his brother and suggests that the mother bring her son to visit his brother briefly in the afternoon when the unit is usually quiet. This illustrates which of Brenners stages of nursing proficiency? a. Advanced beginner b. Competent practitioner c. Proficient practitioner d. Expert practitioner

d. Expert practitioner

What is the purpose of articulated models or systems for nursing education? a. Increasing curriculum similarities in nursing programs b. Allowing nurses to work in nursing as they gain additional education c. Increasing the numbers of nursing education programs d. Facilitating opportunities for nurses to move up the educational ladder with ease

d. Facilitating opportunities for nurses to move up the educational ladder with ease

A new mother says, My baby is being kept in the nursery. Im really worried about him. Im also worried that the separation will interfere with breastfeeding. The most appropriate response by the nurse is, a. Well, thats not my territory. Youll have to deal with the nursery staff about breastfeeding. b. As a nurse on this unit, I can assure you that we will do all we can to help you. c. I can see youre upset about this, but to be honest with you, Im a new nurse here, and Im not sure how I can help you. d. I can see this is a problem for you. I will go to the nursery and see if I can get some answers for you.

d. I can see this is a problem for you. I will go to the nursery and see if I can get some answers for you.

The patient says to the nurse, The staff treats me like Im a child. Everyone tells me what to do. No one ever asks my opinion. After all, it is my body. Which response by the nurse indicates active listening? a. Well, youre sick. Dont you think you should let us take care of you? b. I dont think I can help you with this. This is a personal matter between you and the rest of the staff. c. It makes you angry not to be included in your health care decisions. Lets talk about how you can vent your anger appropriately. d. Let me see if I understand. It bothers you not to be recognized for your abilities to handle your life. I can discuss this with the staff if you wish so that everyone involves you in planning your care.

d. Let me see if I understand. It bothers you not to be recognized for your abilities to handle your life. I can discuss this with the staff if you wish so that everyone involves you in planning your care.

The 1948 Brown Report recommended which of the following? a. Limit enrollment of men and minorities in nursing programs. b. Students admitted to nursing programs should not be required to meet admission requirements of the university. c. Schools of nursing should be associated with teaching hospitals. d. Schools of nursing should be located in institutions of higher learning.

d. Schools of nursing should be located in institutions of higher learning.

A nursing student asks, Since I work as a nurse technician in psychiatric nursing, may I spend part of my clinical rotation with a psychiatric home visiting nurse? In which stage of Cohens model of professional socialization is this student? a. Stage I: Unilateral dependence b. Stage II: Negativity/independence c. Stage III: Dependence/mutuality d. Stage IV: Interdependence

d. Stage IV: Interdependence

Which of the following is an example of Hendersons definition of nursing? a. Performing a hearing screening in preschool children b. Interacting with depressed men to learn new strategies for reducing their symptoms c. Setting goals for weight loss with a patient d. Teaching a person with frequent constipation about high-fiber foods

d. Teaching a person with frequent constipation about high-fiber foods

Which of the following could be considered congruent communication? a. The nurse manager states, Come by my office anytime. Then she keeps her door closed and does not answer phone calls. b. As a co-worker hurries down the hall, he asks, Is there anything you need help with? c. As she drops a stack of charts loudly on the desk, a co-worker states, This is going to be a wonderful day. d. The nurse manager sits with you in the nurses lounge and asks, Is there anything you would like to talk about?

d. The nurse manager sits with you in the nurses lounge and asks, Is there anything you would like to talk about?

Which American university opened the first nursing school as a separate department within the university? a. Harvard b. Teachers College c. Columbia d. Yale

d. Yale

A nurse comments in private about a patient: That lady with six kids is pregnant again! It makes me sick to see these people on welfare taking away from our tax dollars. I dont know how she can continue to do this. The best response by a nurse peer is to a. ignore the biased statements. b. accept the comments as self-disclosure. c. offer neutral responses. d. convey acceptance of the patient.

d. convey acceptance of the patient.

The single most important reason for the decline in the number of hospital-based diploma programs was a. shift in hospital occupancy from acute care to home care. b. increase in hospital-based medical residency programs competing for educational dollars. c. beginning of associate degree programs that were shorter in length. d. diploma educations position outside the mainstream of higher education.

d. diploma educations position outside the mainstream of higher education.

The legal definition of nursing for any particular state can be found in the a. state legislatures official newsletter. b. state board of nursings bylaws. c. governors official papers. d. states nurse practice act.

d. states nurse practice act.

During report, a nurse complains about a 3-year-old boy, saying He sure knows when to pour on the tears. Theres nothing wrong until he sees you; then the tears start, but they stop as soon as you leave or his mother comes. Hes just spoiled because they have a nanny at home who waits on him hand and foot. This is an example of a. lack of understanding of child development. b. frustration that the mother is not present. c. assessment of the childs behavior. d. stereotyping because the child has a nanny.

d. stereotyping because the child has a nanny.

One of the most important outcomes of the orientation phase of the nurse-patient relationship is the development of mutual a. communication. b. understanding. c. acceptance. d. trust.

d. trust.

A patient states, The thing that scares me the most about surgery is the spinal anesthesia. Im afraid itll leave me paralyzed, and the nurse responds, Everything will be fine. The anesthesiologists are very skilled in administering spinal anesthesia. The nurses response is an example of a communication breakdown known as a. failing to see the uniqueness of the individual. b. failing to recognize levels of meaning. c. using value statements. d. using false assurance.

d. using false assurance.

Which early nursing theorist recognized therapeutic milieu, assessment skills, and a unique body of knowledge in her definition of nursing? a.Dorothea Orem b. Virginia Henderson c. Hildegard Peplau d.Florence Nightingale

d.Florence Nightingale