Content exam 272 Agriculture
When operating an engine in extremely dusty conditions, which of the following guidelines is most advisable?
Increasing the frequency of air supply system maintenance
Which of the following is the most appropriate first step to take when planning supervised agricultural experiences (SAEs) for students?
Inform students of purpose of and various opportunities for SAEs
Bedding plant seedlings that grow tall and spindly are most likely suffering from:
Insufficient exposure to light
The FFA contributes to an agricultural science and technology program primarily by
Integrating classroom and experiential learning with leadership and recognition opportunities.
Remote sensing would be used most appropriately to:
Measure the amount of current flowing at various points in an electric fence.
Physical Functions relate to the physical handling activity of a system. Which of the following is considered a physical function in agricultural marketing systems?
Processing
The development of pesticides in the U.S. is commonly associated with which of the following?
Production problems due to costly ingredients
Which of the following is the primary purpose of fermentation?
Alter the pH level which encourages the growth of desirable microbes in a food product
Which of the following situations can the federal government subsidize the cost of insurance that covers the loss of revenue to a farmer?
Damage to a crop due to a severe drought
Which of the following microorganisms is potentially harmful when contaminated with food products?
Escherichia Coli
Which of the following defines HAACP?
A list of guidelines for ensuring food safety in processing, packaging, distribution, storage, and preparation
Which THREE of the following are characteristics of a sandy, coarse-textured soil?
-Allows water to penetrate rapidly - Allows pathogenic organisms to leach out quickly - has good aeration
Straight-line depreciation is the default method used to gradually reduce the carrying amount of a fixed asset over its useful life. A farmer buys a tractor for $40,000. What will be its straight-line depreciation if he expects it to use for 20 years and has a salvage value of $10,000 after its useful life?
1,500
Ruminant animals include cattle, sheep, goats, buffalo, deer, elk, giraffes and camels. These animals all have a digestive system that is uniquely different from our own. How many stomachs do they have?
4
A grower would most appropriately use which of the following formulations of fertilizer on a field that has adequate levels of nitrogen and potassium, but is deficient in phosphorus?
5-20-5
Holstein Friesians are a breed of dairy cattle known as the world's highest-production dairy animals. If the estimated period for one to calve is 24 months, which of the options given below would be the expected age range for its puberty?
9-11 months
The mechanization of agriculture in developing countries has had which of the following effects on the production process of basic commodities such as wheat, corn, rice, and potatoes?
A decrease in the percentage of the work force engaged in growing commodity crops
Presence of water in the hydraulic system in farm machinery can have adverse effects on performance and durability. Which of the following could indicate the presence of water in farm machinery?
A grayish, milky fluid
Which of the following pieces of safety equipment always should be worn during arc welding?
A helmet with a filter lens
Which of the following is an example of a retail market?
A roadside farmers market
Which of the following is an example of using a renewable resource in an agricultural enterprise?
A swine producer uses methane gas produced by the decomposition of manure to heat farm buildings
A meat inspector is a type of food inspector who ensures that commercial supplies of meat, poultry, and eggs comply with federal regulations. Which of the options below best suits their career area description?
Agricultural processing
To increase the amount of nitrogen in the soil, a farmer would most appropriately include which of the following crops in a crop rotation?
Alfalfa
Environmental Protection Agency is purposely built to ensure for protecting the environment from air and water pollution. Which of the following is the agency also responsible for protecting?
All of the above
Which of the following is the primary purpose of a supervised agricultural experience (SAE) program?
Allow students to apply skills learned in the classroom and learn new skills in a specialized area
Which of the following breeds of cattle is known for producing meat with the highest amount of marbling?
Angus
Which of the following food additives retards rancidity of unsaturated oils and prevents browning in fruits and vegetables when exposed to oxygen?
Antioxidant
The release of ladybird beetles in a greenhouse where hybrid tea roses are grown would be most appropriate for controlling:
Aphids
A producer breeding a particular line of sheep finds that two traits are usually inherited from the same parent. The most likely explanation for this type of linkage between a pair of traits is that the genes controlling the traits:
Are located on the same chromosome segment.
Farm ponds need to be stocked with fishes that can maintain themselves in balance with the food supply and other fish. Which of the following should be stocked in a pond stocked with bream?
Bass
A combine is a complex farm machine that both cuts and threshes grains. Which of the following is a part of a farm combine?
Beater
Which of the following is referred as postconsumer materials that will decompose in a landfill by the action of microorganisms such as bacteria?
Biodegradable
Which of the following statements best describes the primary purpose of state and local building codes?
Building codes describe construction procedures for individuals who are not certified contractors.
Which of the following best describes the primary purpose of FFA career development events (CDEs)?
CDEs teach students how to conduct a job search, apply for a job, and interview for a job in agriculture.
A family-owned orchard markets its products primarily through farm stands and a pick-your-own operation. The owners have been offered the opportunity to purchase adjacent land that would triple the size of the orchard. The first step to take in deciding whether to purchase the land should be to:
Clarify the goals and objectives of the business
Sometimes, foods that we eat may carry bacteria that can make us sick. Which of the following bacteria produces toxin in food under anaerobic conditions?
Clostridium botulinum
Which breed of sheep first originated in the United States and is known for sheep that are large with white faces and wool on their legs, being useful in crossbred market lamb production, and producing heavy yields with medium wool fleeces
Columbia
The Dairy Cow Unified Score Card is most useful for evaluating a cow's:
Conformation to breed standards
An overhead sprinkler system would most appropriately be installed in a confinement facility for swine in order to:
Cool the animals during hot, dry conditions
Which of the following is the most important factor leading to the loss of biodiversity?
Destruction of habitat
Which of the following activities would best meet the purposes of an entrepreneurial supervised agricultural experience (SAE)?
Developing a marketing plan for an agricultural enterprise
Which of the following management techniques is known to reduce stress and hostile behavior when cattle is being loaded?
Driving them by using a curved chute with firm fences
A major advantage of using computerized business records in agriculture is that such records are:
Easier to process and update than other types of records
Which of the following is referred to as the maximum depth that plant roots can readily penetrate without encountering a restrictive soil layer?
Effective depth
A greenhouse has recently been equipped with software that automatically controls humidity, temperature, and lighting conditions. The most likely benefit of using this software is a reduction in:
Energy cost
Ecosystems maintain themselves by cycling energy and nutrients obtained from external sources. Which of the following is correct about the flow of energy in an ecosystem?
Energy flow between trophic levels is inefficient
Farm ponds require proper planning, construction, and management of good fishing. Which of the following could indicate a well-managed farm pond for fish production?
Enough phytoplankton so that the water has a green tint
Which government agency regulates the use of genetically engineered microbes in natural pesticides?
Environmental Protection Agency
Which of the following is the essential type of protection for students when using power equipment in the agricultural laboratory?
Eye protection
Increased energy prices are likely to have the greatest effect on agriculture by increasing the price of:
Farm machinery
A student spills a small quantity of weak acid on his hand during a laboratory experiment. Which of the following actions should the teacher take first?
Flush the skin with water.
What U.S. government agency regulates the use of food additives?
Food and Drug Administration
An ecosystem is a community of living organisms in conjunction with the nonliving components of their environment interacting as a system. Which type of ecosystem occupies the most acreage in the United States?
Forest land
Which of the following is the most important goal of agricultural science and technology programs in secondary schools?
Fostering self-sufficiency by teaching students how to be successful in agricultural businesses.
In poultry, most mechanical processing of food takes place in the:
Gizzard
Crossbred animals are generally more vigorous than inbred animals because in crossbred animals:
Harmful recessive are more likely to be masked by dominant variants of a gene
In order to increase market share for pork products, selective breeding of swine has focused on developing animals that yield meat that:
Has a more acceptable lean-to-fat ratio.
A hydraulic system transforms a small input force into a larger output force by
Having a larger surface area in contact with the fluid at the actuator than at the pump.
A specific milk brand has been recognized as an HTST milk. What does HTST mean?
High temperature short time
In large confinement feeding operations, such as beef cattle feedlots, lagoon systems are used primarily to:
Hold liquid manure while it is broken down by bacteria
Which of the following types of cattle breed is known to produce the largest quantity of milk?
Holstein
Urea is a waste product of many living organisms and is the major organic component of human urine. Which of the following is the purpose of adding urea to corn silage that is fed to dairy cows?
Increase the nitrogen available to the bacteria that synthesize amino acids in the cows' rumens
The demand curve is the graph depicting the relationship between the price of a particular commodity and the amount of it that consumers are willing and able to purchase at any given price. What is the effect of the decrease in the amount of wheat if the U.S. wheat industry has an inelastic demand curve?
Increase the total revenues in the wheat industry
Green Revolution was initiated in the 1960's to address the issue of malnutrition in the developing world. Which of the following best describes an effect of Green Revolution?
Increased use of fertilizers
Compared with other houseplants, cacti generally require soil that:
Is coarser in texture
What is correct about sanitation?
It destroys pathogens and other organisms on a clean surface.
Which of the following defines dehydration?
It is a form of food preservation.
Homogenization and pasteurization are both involved in processing milk and ice cream. Which of the following does homogenization mean?
It is a process in which the size of fat globules is reduced by forcing the milk or cream through a very small opening under pressure.
A certain food product is hermetically packaged. Which of the following does this packing imply?
It is waterproof, gas-proof, and vapor-proof
In which type of soil would moderate and frequent irrigation be most appropriate for growing corn crop?
Light-textured soil, such as loamy sand
Which of the following intensive production practices has generated the most concern about the humane treatment of farm animals?
Limiting individual space and social interaction by the use of individual confinement systems.
A plant that has thick, fleshy leaves that are covered by a waxy cuticle is likely to be better adapted than plants without such leaves for growing under which of the following conditions?
Low moisture
A company does an annual enterprise analysis to show its average return on feed fed to hogs. Last year, its average return was $151 for each $100 of feed fed to hogs and a return of $130 per $100 of feed this year. Which of the following is the most probable cause for the difference in returns assuming stable feed costs and no major death losses?
Lower market prices
In contrast to ecological communities in the late stages of succession, both agricultural and early-succession communities are characterized by:
Lower species diversity
Corn is measured by the bushel. An average acre of corn yields 100 bushels. Starch, sweetener, fuel (ethanol), feed, and corn oil can be extracted from a bushel of corn. The corn grown contains energy and can either be given to humans, or pigs, which will later be consumed by humans. Considering that each bushel of corn has a certain amount of energy, which of the following options below is the one where a human receives the maximum amount of energy?
Made into the meal because the metabolic process of the pig makes it lose energy as heat.
In soft drinks, Sodium benzoate is primarily used to inhibit which of the following?
Mold growth
Market Structure refers to the characteristics of the market either organizational or competitive, that describes the nature of competition and the pricing policy followed in the market. Which of the following types of market structures in agriculture has the highest expenditures on advertising to differentiate its products?
Monopolistic competition
Which of the following acts is also known as the Land-Grant College Act?
Morrill Act of 1862
Which of the following is most probable effect on the development of genetically modified plants?
New plant varieties being patented
Which of the following is an advantage of asexual reproduction in plants?
Offspring of well-adapted parents are also well-adapted.
Robert's Rules of Order is a guide for conducting meetings and making decisions as a group. Which concept in Robert's Rules of Order requires that motions should be in the order of importance?
Order of precedence
Which of the following is classified as the most dangerous class of pesticides to humans because of its effects as potential human neurotoxins that are responsible for most acute cases of pesticide poisoning?
Organophosphate
Which of the following refers to the movement of water molecules through a semipermeable membrane from a region of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration?
Osmosis
Which of the following materials would be most effective in improving the drainage and aeration of a horticultural growing medium?
Perlite
Farms in the United States belong to the leading producers in the world market. Which of the following natural resources is the greatest contributor to the continued high agricultural production?
Petroleum
Which of the following nutrients present in dairy and livestock rations and excreted in animal wastes is most likely to contribute to excessive plant and algal growth and consequent eutrophication of nearby water bodies?
Phosphorus
A worker is about to cut 14 inches wide by 8 feet long strip from a 4-foot by 8-foot sheet of 3/4-inch A/C plywood. What could be the best power hand tool and the best position he can use?
Portable circular saw, C side up
When preparing for a new procedure to be performed in the laboratory, an agricultural science and technology teacher should:
Practice the procedure in advance to become aware of all potential dangers that it might pose.
Which of the following horse breeds is most often used in cattle operations in Texas and other southwestern states?
Quarterhores
A pesticide is less likely to become concentrated in the tissues of organisms that are high on the food chain if it:
Quickly breaks down in the environment
Which of the following is a likely agricultural application of geographic information system (GIS) software?
Relating irrigation and drainage of a field crop to yield in that field
What is the most important step before removing a gas-powered lawn mower blade?
Remove the spark plug
For which of the following could the crop share and cash be an alternative?
Rental agreements
In contrast to four-stroke internal combustion engines, two-stroke engines generally:
Require that oil be mixed with the fuel
The variety and variability of life on Earth is referred to as Biodiversity. It comprises living organisms from all sources. Which of the following is not a part of biodiversity?
Rocks and Minerals
What is the best way to clean the tip of a soldering iron?
Scraping the tip against a wet sponge after the iron is fully heated
A soldering iron supplies heat to melt solder so that it can flow into the joint between two work pieces. What is the best way on cleaning the tip of a soldering iron?
Scraping the tip against a wet sponge after the iron is thoroughly heated
Cation exchange capacity refers to the relative ability of soils to store one particular group of nutrients. An increase in which of the following, if it is present in the soil, will increase the soil cation-exchange capacity the most?
Small, negatively charged particles
If present in soils in equal masses, which of the following, when increased, will increase the soil cation-exchange capacity the most?
Small, negatively charged particles
Which of the following acts of Congress initially promoted and provided funds for vocational agriculture education courses to train people "who have entered upon or who are preparing to enter upon the work of the farm"?
Smith-Hughes Act
Federal Insurance Contributions Act (FICA) tax is a U.S. federal payroll tax imposed on both employees and employers to fund federal programs that provide benefits for retirees, disabled people, and children of deceased workers. Which of the following is the other name given to FICA?
Social Security
What do we call an additive that can keep a compound, mixture, or solution from changing its form or chemical nature?
Stabilizer
Which of the following is one advantage of using the Internet to learn about new developments in agriculture or agricultural education?
The Internet allows rapid and easy access to a wide range of information and opinions
Which legislative act banned the interstate transportation and sale of wildlife and wildlife by-products that have been illegally taken or possessed?
The Lacey Act of 1900
Which of the following is the conservation law responsible for the banning of interstate transportation and sale of wildlife and wildlife by-products that have been illegally taken or possessed, transported, or sold?
The Lacey Act of 1900
Which of the following best describes the purpose of the Program of Activities (POA) of an FFA chapter?
The POA outlines the chapter's goals for the year and the plans for achieving these goals.
Which of the following is one important effect of suburban sprawl on agriculture in the United States?
The amount of productive farmland has decreased as farmers have often found it more profitable to sell their land for development.
Which of the following describes soil structure?
The arrangement of soil particles
Which of the following should be an important goal of a supervised agricultural experience (SAE)
The experience should support the educational objectives of the agricultural science and technology curriculum.
Which of the following factors is most important for determining the number of cattle that can be supported by a particular area of rangeland?
The quality of the forage
Which of the following statements best describes consumers in a food web?
They exhibit a heterotrophic mode of nutrition.
Pasteurization refers to the process of heating milk. What is the primary objective of pasteurization?
To destroy potential pathogens present in the milk
Which of the following is the concrete slump test used for?
To determine the consistency of fresh concrete
What is the primary goal of food biotechnology?
To improve the health and safety of foods
What is the primary purpose of blanching?
To inactivate enzymes in a product
Which of the following refers to the loss of water in the form of vapor from plants into the atmosphere?
Transpiration
Which of the following government agencies has the primary responsibility for ensuring that meat and poultry products are safe and wholesome for consumption?
United Stated Department of Agriculture
A majority of injuries in the agricultural classroom and laboratory are caused by:
Unsafe behavior on the part of students or teachers.
Which of the following safety precautions would be most appropriate to take when working with volatile solvents, such as acetone, in the agricultural science and technology laboratory?
Using proper ventilation when conducting activities that involve the solvent
An agricultural science and technology teacher would most appropriately use a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) to determine which of the following?
Whether a chemical used in the laboratory is caustic
A lease is a contract outlining the terms under which one party agrees to rent property owned by another party. Which of the following is one of the essential points to consider in developing a lease between a tenant farmer and a landlord?
Writing the terms of the agreement
Some plants hold water in by the way their leaves are shaped with cupped or funnel-shaped foliage designed to hold the water with their leaves. Which of the following options given below is known as a method of exterior design which uses plants that conserve water?
Xeriscaping
Studying agricultural science teaches life's practical lessons. Which of the following is included in agricultural science?
all of the above
Which THREE of the following are divisions of an FFA chapter's Program of Activities?
chapter development community development student development
The primary goal of applying principles of sustainable agriculture to crop production on a farm is to:
retain the profitability of the farm while maintaining or enhancing environmental health and the productive capacity of the land.
Use the information below to answer the question that follows. Dairy cattle are herded into a holding area toward a milking parlor. Before being milked, they walk down a corridor where each cow passes a remote temperature sensor. The sensor controls gates which will open or close depending on the temperature of the cow. Cows with temperatures below a preset point will enter the milking parlor, while cows with temperatures above this point will be diverted into a second holding area. This system is most appropriate for which of the following purposes?
detecting and isolating cows that may be sick
In biotechnology, which of the following procedures is used to identify proteins produced by specific genes?
genome mapping
A combine would be used most appropriately to perform which of the following tasks?
harvesting
Xeriscaping is a type of landscaping that emphasizes the use of:
native plant species that require less water than imported species
Reforestation involves replanting areas of forest which have been depleted. Which of the following method has the lowest direct cost, slowest method, and least reliable all at the same time?
natural seeding
Rice can be grown in different environments, depending upon water availability. Generally, rice does not thrive in a waterlogged area, yet it can survive and grow herein and it can also survive flooding. Which of the options below constitutes the second step in the process of growing rice?
plowing the field
Salinization of soil is most likely to be a problem when:
poorly drained land in an arid climate is irrigated over the course of several years.
Which of the following does Subsistence Agriculture consist of?
raising crops and animals
The best packaging materials for freezing foods are those materials that
seal moisture in and conform to food
Knowing the average number of continuous frost-free days for a given region allows a grower to:
select a plant variety that will have sufficient time to mature
A vegetable grower markets her products through local farm stands and grocery stores. Information about the cultural groups that patronize these establishments would be most useful for helping the grower decide:
which types of crops to plant.