Content- Reading

Which of the following sentences contains an error in agreement? A) the data are available online at the listed website B) each one of their sons plays a different sport C) this band has performed at the Odeum many times D) Jennifer is one of the women who writes for the magazine

D) Jennifer is one of the women who writes for the magazine

A teacher is taking a running record. An English learner has made a miscue or word substitution as indicated below. What can the teacher learn from analyzing the student's miscue? Student: The children pulled the wagon across the street. Text: The children pulled the wagon along the street. The student does not understand what a wagon is, so the teacher needs to address that. A) The student is using knowledge of English syntax, but the teacher needs to help the student learn to read and distinguish the B) differences of along and across. C) The student is not paying attention to the initial position of letters in words. D) The student's miscue does not interfere with meaning, so the teacher does not need to address this.

A) ! The student is using knowledge of English syntax, but the teacher needs to help the student learn to read and distinguish the differences of along and across.

Mrs. Henao is working with a group of third-grade students who are below grade level in reading. She wants to assess their progress every six weeks to get a comprehensive measure of both their decoding and comprehension skills. Which of the following assessment tools would be most appropriate to assess their reading skills in these domains? B) A running record C) A phonics screening tool D) A timed one-minute oral reading test

A) An informal reading inventory

Jeannie reads and understands words in books written for students well above her chronological age. However she does not write on grade level and does not use words she can read. What statement can explain this discrepancy? A) Her productive vocabulary is lagging behind her receptive vocabulary. B) Her listening vocabulary is smaller than her speaking vocabulary. C) She does not have a chance to practice book words in her daily speech. D) She has problems communicating with other students.

A) Her productive vocabulary is lagging behind her receptive vocabulary.

Running records, teacher observations, and speaking checklists are examples of what type of assessment? A) Informal literacy assessment B) Objective literacy instruments C) Formal literacy assessment D) Teacher-developed assessment instructions

A) Informal literacy assessment

Ms. Langdon enjoys doing fun activities doing fun activities with her students; but, at the same time, she makes sure that with each activity, there is a clear objective related to the development of early literacy skills. One day, she starts clapping the syllables of her students' names. "Ma-ri-a," Ms. Langdon claps. The children repeat her clapping pattern. Ms. Langdon continues until all the children in the class have had their names clapped out. What early literacy skill is Ms. Langdon developing? A) Phonological Awareness B) Phonemic Segmentation C) Word Recognition D) Phonemic Awareness

A) Phonological Awareness

Identify the statement that best represents the rationale for the implementation of initial reading instruction in the student's native language. A) Reading skills that are transferable from L1 to L2. B) Reading skills affect the cognitive process in bilingual students. C) Reading skills that are identical in L1 and L2. D) Reading skills are confusing for English language learners (ELLs

A) Reading skills that are transferable from L1 to L2.

In her science class, Ms. Navas teaches her fifth graders Greek and Latin affixes as an advanced organizer for daily lessons. Today she is working on inventions and their contribution to society. Based on that, she introduces and defines the following affixes and stems: micro, tele, scope, phone, and graph. Then, she guides students to create words with the affixes. What is the main purpose of this activity? A) To use the structural clues to recognize words B) To use semantic clues to improve decoding skills C) To use phonemic awareness as a foundation for learning D) To use phonics to decode words

A) To use the structural clues to recognize words

Which of the following is not a characteristic of emergent writers? A) Using conventional spelling B) Using initial sounds C) Dictating an idea or a complete story D) Using pictures and scribbles

A) Using conventional spelling

Marcos is a five-year-old student in the process of first-language acquisition. He often produces statements like, "This lollipop is the bestest Mom." Based on this speech sample, this child is? A) applying language rules B) imitating the speech sample of cartoons on television C) applying the concepts from L1 to L2 D) experiencing language interference

A) applying language rules

The passage below contains many errors. Read the passage. Then, answer each test item by choosing the option that corrects an error in the underlined portion(s). No more than one underlined error will appear in each item. If no error exists, choose "No change is necessary." If you give me ten dollars, I'll give you fifty in return. Does this sound too good to be true? Well, anything that sounds too good to be true probably is. That stands true for herbal supplements. Herbal supplements are main targeted toward improving one type of ail-targeted toward improving. There is no cure-all herbal supplement so don't believe what he tells you. Herbal supplement can fix more than one thing. Herbal supplements is great and have a lot of positive things to offer its takers and have become very popular with consumers. Many doctors are even suggesting that they try natural herbal remedies before prescribing an over-the-counter medication. Herbal supplements have given consumers a new power to self-diagnose and consumers can head to the health food store and pick up an herbal supplement rather than heading to the doctor. Herbal supplements take a little long than prescribed medication to clear up any illnesses, but they are a more natural way to go, and some consumers prefer that form of medication. Herbal supplements is great and have a lot of positive things to offer its takers and have become very popular with consumers. A) are B) alot C) it's D) no change is necessary

A) are

Automaticity refers to all of the following EXCEPT: A) automatic reactions to the content of a paragraph B) automatic whole-word identification C) automatic recognition of syllable types D) automatic identification of graphemes as they relate to four basic word types

A) automatic reactions to the content of a paragraph

All of the following are examples of ongoing informal assessment techniques used to observe student progress EXCEPT: A) collection of data from assessment tests B) analysis of student work product C) effective questioning D) observation of students

A) collection of data from assessment tests

A sentence that contains one independent clause and three dependent clauses is best described as a: A) complex sentence B) compound-complex sentence C) compound sentence D) simple sentence

A) complex sentence

Activities that facilitate learning the alphabetic principle include: A) read alouds, alphabet art, concept books, and name sorts B) read alouds, shared reading, concept books, and picture books C) alphabet art, name sorts, shared reading, and phonics D) picture books, concept books, and alphabet books

A) read alouds, alphabet art, concept books, and name sorts

Identify the set of words representing the concept of antonyms. A) small-large B) small-smaller C) bear-bear D) small-little

A) small-large

What is the key advantage of using interactive writing journals for emerging writers? A) students learn that writing can be used for communication B) students can communicate silently in class C) students can correct each other's writing samples D) students can learn about personal information from teachers and peers

A) students learn that writing can be used for communication

To help her students acquire research skills, Ms. Sutherland, a fifth-grade teacher, wants them to understand how to evaluate the academic value and credibility of information found on the Internet. Which of the following questions can students use to assess the value and credibility of electronic sources? Select all that apply. A) is the author associated with any special interest group? B) is the author promoting goods or services? C) is the source a commercial, personal, or university site? D) is the information written with appropriate factual referencing or it is based solely on opinions?

A, B, C, and D (ALL 4)

In the context of a comprehensive or balanced literacy program, which of the following are the THREE main benefits of the shared reading experience? A. Children can gain in sight vocabulary as the teacher points to words and the students read with the teacher. B. Emergent readers can gain in concepts of print. C. As children read with the teacher, they receive scaffolding, experience success, and are able to see that they can become stronger as readers. D. Children will be better able to complete worksheets about the story when they read with the teacher.

A, B, and C

Identify one common strategy used to guide students to retrieve prior knowledge and to link it with new knowledge. A) Semantic mapping and dictionaries B) Brainstorming discussions about future topics C) Lecturing about the topic for the day D) KWL charts-Know, wants to know, and has learned

D) KWL charts-Know, wants to know, and has learned

One of Mr. Lopez's more advances first-grade readers, Skye, is reading a story out loud. Skye comes to a word she does not know, reads it incorrectly, pauses, and reads it correctly. What should Mr. Lopez encourage Skye to do next? A. Reread the sentence from the beginning. B. Spell the word aloud for the additional reinforcement. C. Write the word in her reading journal. D. Use the word in the original sentence.

A. Reread the sentence from the beginning.

Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow. Have you ever wondered what chewing gum is made from? What is it that allows us to chew it for hours without it ever disintegrating? Chicle is a gum, or sap, that comes from the sapodilla tree. The sapodilla tree is an American tropical evergreen that is native to South Florida. Flavorings, corn syrup, and sugar or artificial sweeteners are other ingredients that go into the production of chewing gum. Legend has it that Native Americans chewed spruce resin to quench their thirst. Today, gum is chewed for many reasons by many different groups of people. What can be inferred from the passage? A. the gum Chiclets took its name from the ingredient chicle used in gum B. gum is disgusting after it's been chewed for a few hours C. when someone is thirst they should chew gum D. gum is only made in the United States because that's where the sapodilla tree grows

A. the gum Chiclets took its name from the ingredient chicle used in gum

Which of the following is NOT a technique of prewriting? A) brainstorming B) clustering C) listing D) proofreading

D) Proofeading

Before students decide to use a dictionary, they first must do which of the following? Select all that apply. A) determine whether an electronic translator can do the work faster B) determine whether the meaning can be obtained through the use context or structural clues C) determine whether students have access to these type of resources as home D) determine whether the meaning of the word is absolutely necessary to understand the information intended

B and D

Activities that parents can practice at home to improve phonological and phonemic awareness include which of the following? A) play a game in which the goal is to find objects with names that begin with a certain initial sound B) all of the above C) demonstrate how sounds blend together in familiar words D) play games with words that sound alike as you experience them in everyday home activities

B) All of the above

The passage below contains many errors. Read the passage. Then, answer each test item by choosing the option that corrects an error in the underlined portion(s). No more than one underlined error will appear in each item. If no error exists, choose "No change is necessary." Bingo has many purposes in the United States. It is used as a learning and entertainment tool for children. Bingo is used as an entertainment tool for parties and picnics to entertain a large number of people easily and quickly. Bingo is also a common game played among elderly and church groups because of its simplistic way of entertaining. A typical bingo card has the word "bingo" printed across the top with columns of numbers inside boxes underneath. There is a "free" space located directly in the middle. There is usually one person who calls the numbers. For example, a ball or chip may be labeled "B12." Players then look under the "B" column for the number 12 and if it appears on their card, they place a marker on top of it. If there isn't a 12 under the letter "B" on a player's card, then they simply wait for the next number to be called. Bingo is used as a learning and entertainment tool for children. How should this statement be rewritten? A) Bingo is used as a learning tool and entertainment for children B) Bingo is used to both teach and entertain children C) Bingo is used for learning and entertainment for children D) no change is necessary

B) Bingo is used to both teach and entertain children

Identify the rationale for the popularity of onset and rimes to teach spelling skills in English. A) It is used to teach words as sight words. B) It is used to take advantage of common spelling patterns in English. C) It is the best approach to teach the spelling pattern for prefixes and suffixes. D) It is the best approach to teach words with multiple syllables.

B) It is used to take advantage of common spelling patterns in English.

The passage below contains many errors. Read the passage. Then, answer each test item by choosing the option that corrects an error in the underlined portion(s). No more than one underlined error will appear in each item. If no error exists, choose "No change is necessary." If you give me ten dollars, I'll give you fifty in return. Does this sound too good to be true? Well, anything that sounds too good to be true probably is. That stands true for herbal supplements. Herbal supplements are main targeted toward improving one type of ail-targeted toward improving. There is no cure-all herbal supplement so don't believe what he tells you. Herbal supplement can fix more than one thing. Herbal supplements is great and have a lot of positive things to offer its takers and have become very popular with consumers. Many doctors are even suggesting that they try natural herbal remedies before prescribing an over-the-counter medication. Herbal supplements have given consumers a new power to self-diagnose and consumers can head to the health food store and pick up an herbal supplement rather than heading to the doctor. Herbal supplements take a little long than prescribed medication to clear up any illnesses, but they are a more natural way to go, and some consumers prefer that form of medication. Herbal supplements take a little long than prescribed medication to clear up any illnesses, but they are a more natural way to go, and some consumers prefer that form of medication. A) then B) longer C) no changes necessary D) prescribed

B) Longer

Identify the number of syllables and the number of phonemes present in the word thought. A) Two syllables and three phonemes B) One syllable and three phonemes C) Three syllables and six phonemes D) Two syllables and three phonemes

B) One syllable and three phonemes

Ms. Langdon enjoys doing fun activities doing fun activities with her students; but, at the same time, she makes sure that with each activity, there is a clear objective related to the development of early literacy skills. One day, she starts clapping the syllables of her students' names. "Ma-ri-a," Ms. Langdon claps. The children repeat her clapping pattern. Ms. Langdon continues until all the children in the class have had their names clapped out. What early literacy skill is Ms. Langdon developing? A) Phonemic Awareness B) Phonological Awareness C) Word Recognition D) Phonemic Segmentation

B) Phonological Awareness

Students eventually have to be familiar with the types of media used in school. These types of media available in school can be organized into the following three major categories. A) Visual, electronic, and social B) Print, electronic, and visual C) Electronic, social, and print D) Print, social, and electronic

B) Print, electronic, and visual

Identify the statement that best describes sight words. A) Children have difficulty spelling sight words B) Sight words can occur frequently in print C) Sight words are prevalent in environmental print. D) Children decode sight words using semantic and structural clues

B) Sight words can occur frequently in print

Students are about to read a text that contains words that students will need to understand to understand the text. When should the vocabulary be introduced to students? A) it should not be introduced B) before reading C) after reading D) during reading

B) before reading

Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow. The poems both use personification to bring the subjects of the poem to life. Both poems were also very entertaining. In "The Subway" the author says that the subway, also known as a dragon, swallows up the people and then spits them out at the next stop. Similarly, in "Steam Shovel," the author says that the stream shovel chews up the dirt that it scoops up and smiles amiably at the people below. The subject of the poems are compared to different things. The subway is compared to a dragon with green scales. Dragons breathe fire. The steam shovel is compared to an ancient dinosaur with a long neck and dripping jaws. Which sentence in the passage is irrelevant? A) the subway is also known as a dragon B) both poems were also very entertaining C) the author says that the steam shovel chews up the dirt D) the subway swallows people up and spits them out

B) both poems were also very entertaining

Derivational morphemes in English A) are native to English, and have been modified to modernize the language B) can change the syntactic classification and meaning of the word C) are of foreign orgin D) occur only as suffixes

B) can change the syntactic classification and meaning of the word

Which of the following should NOT be included in the opening paragraph of an informative essay? A) a style and tone that grabs the reader's attention B) details and examples supporting the main idea C) a broad, general introduction to the topic D) thesis sentence

B) details and examples supporting the main idea

The children's literature genre came into its own in the: A) seventeenth century B) eighteenth century C) nineteenth century D) twentieth century

B) eighteenth century

When evaluating reference sources, students should do all of the following EXCEPT: A) examine the level of detail provided by the source B) look for self-published books by the author as evidence of expert status C) see if the author presents both sides of an argument or viewpoint D) review the references at the end of the book or article

B) look for self-published books by the author as evidence of expert status

Mr. Travolta uses DRTA (Directed-Reading-Thinking-Activity) regularly during his guided reading groups. The main purpose of this instructional activity is to: A) interpret the text according to one's own background knowledge. B) make predictions about a text, and confirm or correct predictions as one reads. C) pose questions to students related to the themes of the text. D) develop oral language abilities.

B) make predictions about a text, and confirm or correct predictions as one reads.

Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow. The word "cycle" comes from the Greek word kyklos, which means "circle" of "wheel." There are many different types of cycles. The word "unicycle" comes from the prefix uni-, which means "one," combined with the root "cycle." When the prefix and root words cycle are combined, it creates a word that means "one circle or wheel." Unicycles are often used for entertainment rather than exercise. A prefix bi- means "two," which, when combined with the word "cycle," creates the word "bicycle." How many wheels does a bicycle? Many young children ride a tricycle because it has three wheels and is easy to ride. The prefix tri- means "three," and when it is combined with the root words "cycle," the new word is "three wheels." It is even possible to make the word "motorcycle." Once you know how to use roots it is easy to figure out the meaning of an unknown word. Which is an opinion contained in this passage? A) unicycles are often used for entertainment rather than exercise B) once you know how to use roots, it is easy to figure out the meaning of an unknown word C) the word "cycle" comes from the Greek word kyklos D) many young children ride a tricycle

B) once you know how to use roots, it is easy to figure out the meaning of an unknown word

The passage below contains many errors. Read the passage. Then, answer each test item by choosing the option that corrects an error in the underlined portion(s). No more than one underlined error will appear in each item. If no error exists, choose "No change is necessary." If you give me ten dollars, I'll give you fifty in return. Does this sound too good to be true? Well, anything that sounds too good to be true probably is. That stands true for herbal supplements. Herbal supplements are main targeted toward improving one type of ail-targeted toward improving. There is no cure-all herbal supplement so don't believe what he tells you. Herbal supplement can fix more than one thing. Herbal supplements is great and have a lot of positive things to offer its takers and have become very popular with consumers. Many doctors are even suggesting that they try natural herbal remedies before prescribing an over-the-counter medication. Herbal supplements have given consumers a new power to self-diagnose and consumers can head to the health food store and pick up an herbal supplement rather than heading to the doctor. Herbal supplements take a little long than prescribed medication to clear up any illnesses, but they are a more natural way to go, and some consumers prefer that form of medication. There is no cure-all herbal supplement so don't believe what he tells you. A) nothing B) you hear C) no change is necessary D) supplemental

B) you hear

As part of the celebration of Martin Luther King Day, fifth graders are getting ready to implement readers' theater on a book about the Civil Rights Movement. In preparation for the presentation, the teacher guides the students through several activities. Which of the preparation activities is less likely to help them get ready to implement readers' theatre? A) modifying the story so that they can all play a part in the actual performance B)watching a video version of the story C) rehearsing the parts that each student is supposed to read D) working in groups to develop the characters in the story

B)watching a video version of the story

What is one of the key advantages of using integrated thematic instruction? A) it allows for the teaching of the content areas using the inductive method B) it is used to introduce and practice basic computation skills C) it eliminates the artificial boundaries created through traditional course scheduling D) the four literacy skills- listening, speaking, reading, and writing- are introduced sequentially

C) it eliminates the artificial boundaries created through traditional course scheduling

All of the following are true about phonological awareness EXCEPT: A) it is a prerequisite for spelling and phonics B) children can do the activities with their eyes closed C) it may involve print D) it starts before letter recognition is taught

C) it may involve print

Grapho-phonemic differences across a first and a second language can result in A) semantic differences B) faulty lexical transfer across languages C) language interference at the phonological and spelling levels D) syntactic interference between L1 & L2

C) language interference at the phonological and spelling levels

Running records, teacher observations, and speaking checklists are examples of what type of assessment? A) Formal literacy assessment B) Teacher-developed assessment instructions C) Objective literacy instruments D) Informal literacy assessment

D) Informal literacy assessment

Convergent research on linear versus curvilinear rhetorical patterns shows that Spanish-speaking English language learners and young children in general have a tendency to follow a curvilinear approach in writing. What strategies can teachers use to support these students? A) Provide a speaking checklist to help students stick to the topic. B) Provide examples of stories written in a linear fashion and ask students to modify them by adding their own information. C) Guide children to develop an outline for the story and provide them with guiding questions to keep them focused on the topic and the audience. D) Teach pronunciation and application of grammar structures.

C) Guide children to develop an outline for the story and provide them with guiding questions to keep them focused on the topic and the audience.

Alliteration is a technique frequently used to begin developing students' reading skills as it aims to strengthen students' phonological and phonemic awareness. Which of the following sentences is the best example of alliteration? A) Bertha baked a muffin in a large oven B) Barbara baked a large muffin for my mom C) Martina made muffins mostly for my mom D) Veronica bought a muffin for my mom

C) Martina made muffins mostly for my mom

Which of the following activities would be used to build students' oral language skills? A) Pronounce letters of the alphabet recognized through environmental print. B) Use flashcards to demonstrate letter-sound correspondence. C) Read picture books aloud and have students retell the story. D) Match letter cards with sounds.

C) Read picture books aloud and have students retell the story.

Identify the statement that best describes the advantages of using the language experience approach to teach reading to language-minority students. A) It minimizes the possibility of errors due to idiomatic expressions from both L1 and L2. B) It facilitates reading by ensuring a positive match between L1 and L2. C) When students' language is the basis of what they read, students are more apt to be able to say the words and learn words as they read what they dictated. D) It uses the vocabulary and the experience common to both language-minority and mainstream students.

C) When students' language is the basis of what they read, students are more apt to be able to say the words and learn words as they read what they dictated.

Mr. Maduro developed a social studies test for third grade English learners. The test had illustrations to improve students' comprehension. For beginner ESL children, he read the questions to be sure that language did not interfere in the process. These testing modifications are an example of: A) effective test-taking skills B) formative evaluation C) accommodations D) content validity

C) accommodations

Contextual redefinition is a strategy that encourages children to use the context more effectively presenting them with sufficient vocabulary _________ the reading of a text A) none of the above B) after C) before D) during

C) before

Which of the following activities are likely to improve fluency? A) none of the above B) partner reading and a reader's theater C) both a and b D) phrased reading

C) both a and b

Connectors are used in writing to create cohesive and coherent compositions. Connections like "on the contrary," "conversely," and "on the other hand" are commonly used in compositions addressing: A) sequencing. B) results. C) contrast. D) opinion.

C) contrast.

All of the following are characteristics of emergent readers EXCEPT: A) represent the stories read through the use of visual images and drawings B) develop awareness of the story structure C) engage in self-correction when text does not make sense to them D) use illustrations in the texts they are reading to aid in their comprehension

C) engage in self-correction when text does not make sense to them

A second-grade teacher explains the steps of the writing process to her learners. For the first step, she demonstrates the use of a Venn diagram to compare and contrast two characters from a story the class recently read. These visual representations of content are known as: A) running records B) blogs C) graphic organizers D) phonemes

C) graphic organizers

Which of the following advertising techniques is based on appealing to our desire to think for ourselves? A) intelligence B) lifestyle C) independence D) celebrity endorsement

C) independence

Read the following passage and answer the questions. It is a requirement that all parents volunteer two hours during the course of the season. Or an alternative was to pay $8 so you can have some high school students work a shift for you. Lots of parents liked this idea and will take advantage of the opportunity. Shifts run an hour long, and it is well worth it to pay the money so you don't miss your sons game. An alternative was to pay $8 so you can have some high school students work a shift for you. Which of the following options corrects an error in one of the underlined portions above? A) High School B) High school C) is D) no change is necessary

C) is

After students went on a field trip, Mrs. Davis asks her students to draw a picture about their favorite part. How could Mrs. Davis effectively build upon the drawing activity to foster reading and writing development of her English learners in first grade? A) she could let students take the picture home to share with parents B)cshe could just let the students draw so they do not feel uncomfortable by using language in difficult ways. C) she could ask each student to dictate a sentence about the drawing and write that under picture for the student to read with her D) she could ask them take the picture home to share with siblings

C) she could ask each student to dictate a sentence about the drawing and write that under picture for the student to read with her

Which of the following is NOT true about multisensory approaches to teaching the alphabetic principle? A) quilt book, rhyme time, letter patch, and shape game are multisensory B) multisensory techniques give multiple cues to enhance memory and learning C) some children can only learn through multisensory techniques D) multisensory techniques require direct teaching and ongoing engagement

C) some children can only learn through multisensory techniques

Ms. Perez is planning a lesson that she can implement to increase her students' understanding of viewing and representing. She decides that one of the key issues for her students is to be able to identify how the visual materials they will be using must directly respond to the audience and their needs. As part of the lesson, she intends to have students work on this as a group project. Which of the following group project ideas would be a good choice for her students to select? A) students can discuss their own travel experiences and bring pictures from home to make a chart B) students can search the Internet for clip art C) students can create a video directly responding to issues raised by a reporter in a newspaper article and share their response on YouTube D) student can select an illustration from a book they are reading and act it out in class

C) students can create a video directly responding to issues raised by a reporter in a newspaper article and share their response on YouTube

A new student has been assigned to Mrs. Zeichner's classroom. Mrs. Zeichner observes what the child has written during writing workshop: I LIK MAKRONE, and when the child read what he wrote, he said, "I like macaroni."What can Mrs. Zeichner learn about the child's development in phonemic awareness from this writing sample? A) the child does not have a strong sight vocabulary B) the child does not understand phonics C) the child is able to account for all of the sounds in words, which is shown in his invented spellings D) the child is learning to spell words incorrectly by using invented spelling

C) the child is able to account for all of the sounds in words, which is shown in his invented spellings

Scenario: Mr. Mackey has seven ELLs in his class who are having difficulties pronouncing English words containing the letters sh and ch. To support these students, he organizes small-group instruction to address their specific needs. He introduces pronunciation and vocabulary concepts through a chart. The chart is color-coded to guide students in the pronunciation of phonemes; i.e., he uses blue for the /sh/, green for /ch/, brown for /k/. Every week, he adds new words to the chart until he is satisfied that students have mastered the grapheme--phoneme correspondence. The chart for this week is shown below. What might be the advantages of using the chart to teach pronunciation? A) children get exposed to vocabulary words and develop grapho-phonemic awareness B) the chart can be used to teach the intonation pattern of the language C) the students become aware of the words that follow grapheme-phoneme correspondence and those that do not D) the chart provides examples of the graphophonemic consistency of English

C) the students become aware of the words that follow grapheme-phoneme correspondence and those that do not

A rubric to rate the writing skills of children in first grade should not place heavy emphasis on the mastery of spelling because A) spelling addresses visual memory and should not be given great value B) The development of standard spelling requires students to use structural and phonics rules effectively C) the use of phonemic and invented spelling is part of specific stages of writing development in children D) the use of standard spelling is not important in the development of compositions

C) the use of phonemic and invented spelling is part of specific stages of writing development in children

Which of the following statements best describes the alphabetic principle? A) spoken words (regular and irregular) lead to phonological reading B) written words are composed of patterns that must be memorized to read well C) written words are composed of patterns of letters that represent the sounds of spoken words D) most reading skills need to be acquired through a regular teaching of the alphabet

C) written words are composed of patterns of letters that represent the sounds of spoken words

During reading group activity, Ms. Lueck often asks her second graders to orally retell the main ideas of a story they have just read together. This is an example of which type of assessment? A) standardized B) criterion-referenced C) norm-referenced D) informal

D) informal

The passage below contains many errors. Read the passage. Then, answer each test item by choosing the option that corrects an error in the underlined portion(s). No more than one underlined error will appear in each item. If no error exists, choose "No change is necessary." If you give me ten dollars, I'll give you fifty in return. Does this sound too good to be true? Well, anything that sounds too good to be true probably is. That stands true for herbal supplements. Herbal supplements are main targeted toward improving one type of ail-targeted toward improving. There is no cure-all herbal supplement so don't believe what he tells you. Herbal supplement can fix more than one thing. Herbal supplements is great and have a lot of positive things to offer its takers and have become very popular with consumers. Many doctors are even suggesting that they try natural herbal remedies before prescribing an over-the-counter medication. Herbal supplements have given consumers a new power to self-diagnose and consumers can head to the health food store and pick up an herbal supplement rather than heading to the doctor. Herbal supplements take a little long than prescribed medication to clear up any illnesses, but they are a more natural way to go, and some consumers prefer that form of medication. Herbal supplements are main targeted toward improving one type of ailment. A. improve B. no change is necessary C. mainly D. towards

C. Mainly

Identify the strategies that lead the child from the stage of learning to read to the stage of reading to learn. A) Allow students to read without interruptions for at least 20 minutes a day. B) Expose children to different kinds of stories. C) Introduce the concepts of connotation and denotation in words or phrases. D) Introduce children to different kinds of texts, and teach how to scan to locate and retrieve information.

D) Introduce children to different kinds of texts, and teach how to scan to locate and retrieve information.

Mr. Loper is building on the skills that Ms. Langdon began the previous year. Mr. Lopez begins instruction in the letter-sound correspondence by teaching his children that are associated with the sounds /m/, /s/, /t/ and /1/. Which of the following steps should Mr. Lopez take next? A. Teach the letter-sound correspondence for the remainder of the consonants. B. Teach children how to sound out words that follow the CVCC pattern. C. Teach one or two of the short vowels for children are able to decode words that follow the CVC pattern. D. Teach the letter-sound correspondence for the consonants that have more than one sound associated with the letter.

C. Teach one or two of the short vowels for children are able to decode words that follow the CVC pattern.

If a child is reading an average of 90 to 94 percent of the words correctly, he or she is reading at the: A. independent level B. frustration level C. instructional level D. comprehensive level

C. instructional level

Marcus can separate a word into syllables by tapping as he says the word. However, he has problems telling what the word is when the teacher says "th-at" or "b-ed". Based on this description, Marcus needs additional support with what type of phonological skill? A) Rhyme recognition B) Phoneme segmentation C) Syllable deletion D) Blending onset and rime

D) Blending onset and rime

Mrs. Jones has three fourth graders who are at the early stages of their reading development. She wants to help her students move from the emergent stage of reading to understanding some basic sight words and the conventions of print. She uses a technique called "shared writing" in which students dictate their thoughts orally and she writes them down. This is followed by the group of students doing a repeated reading aloud of the shared text. Which of the following is the primary purpose of this activity with these students? A) Engaging students with a high-interest activity that will motivate them to want to write more. B) Demonstrating the conventions of writing such as punctuation, spelling, and grammar rules. C) Fostering a sight-word vocabulary that will help the students improve their spelling in future writing. D) Developing the students' ability to engage in listening, speaking, reading, and writing to further their reading development.

D) Developing the students' ability to engage in listening, speaking, reading, and writing to further their reading development.

Which of the following teaching strategies would best promote beginning readers' automatic recognition of high-frequency, irregular sight words? A) develop students' work analysis skills. B) Strengthen students' phonological and phonemic awareness skills. C) Reinforce students' knowledge of letter-sound correspondence. D) Engage students in repeated readings of familiar text.

D) Engage students in repeated readings of familiar text.

Ms. Landon observes several children read in the literacy center and indicates the following observations on checklists she has for each child: Holds book right side up. Turns pages from front to back. Points to words from left to right. What is the purpose of this assessment? A) Evaluate emergent reading comprehension. B) Evaluate ability to read some of the words on the page. C) Evaluate readiness for introducing alphabetic principal. D) Evaluate understanding of concept of print.

D) Evaluate understanding of concept of print.

Mr. Lopez is conferencing with a parent, Ms. Hogan. Ms. Hogan is concerned because her son, Jason, does not like to read at home. An appropriate way to respond to Ms. Hogan is to suggest that she: A) Choose a book for him to read for 15 minutes a day. B) Use practice material with him in a designated study space. C) Make sure the reading material is at the child's reading level. D) Read aloud to him every day.

D) Read aloud to him every day.

Identify the set of words that does not adhere to typically used phonic generalizations. A) Green, meat, feet B) Car, stir, blow C) Hope, road, blow D) Said, come, break

D) Said, come, break

Identify the statement that best describes the connection between reading and writing. A) The development of reading and writing is controlled by the age of exposure to the language and the type of strategies used to teach them. B) The development of reading and writing is controlled by the structure of the language. C) The development of reading and writing is sequential. D) The development of reading and writing skills are interrelated and developed concurrently.

D) The development of reading and writing skills are interrelated and developed concurrently.

In addition to the intelligibility of the communication, what should teachers take into account when assessing the speaking abilities of native English speakers? A) The value of speech therapy in the development of native pronounciation. B) The impact of socio-economic status and the influence of the students' first language. C) The role of language interference in the oral production of the child. D) The impact of regional and social dialectical variations.

D) The impact of regional and social dialectical variations.

Mr. Jennings presented his sixth grade students with the documentary An Inconvenient Truth, which features former U.S. Vice President Al Gore. After the movie, students gathered in groups and conucted an Internet search to read critiques of the film and to learn more about the topic of climate change. Later, students were asked to use the information gathered to determine if global climate change is scientific fact or fallacy. Which of the following is the main purpose of this kind of activity? A ) To guide students to understand that this type of film is an example of valueless propoganda B) To guide students to use the Internet to support their education C) To guide students to understand the positions of the two leading American political parties regarding climate change D) To guide students to interpret data based on a variety of sources

D) To guide students to interpret data based on a variety of sources

In compliance with the federal No Child Left Behind Act, the predecessor to today's Every Student Succeeds Act, Texas adopted an instrument to assess the English achievement of ELLs - the Texas English Language Proficiency Assessment System (TELPAS). The TELPAS assesses the listening, speaking, reading, and writing components of English. In addition to the writing samples required, this instrument uses __________ to assess the linguistic performance of children in English. A) a series of open-ended questions to guide the teacher in the collection of data B) a multiple-choice test with four response options C) a rating scale containing three options (agree,disagree,uncertain) D) a checklist identifying specific literacy components

D) a checklist identifying specific literacy components

Which of the following is a formal reading-level assessment? A) a reading diary B) a teacher-made reading test C) an interview D) a standardized reading test

D) a standardized reading test

Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow. According to Factmonster.com, the most popular Internet activity is sending and/or reading email. Approximately 92% of Internet users report using the Internet for this purpose. 89% of Internet users report that they use the Internet to search for information. Two popular search engines are Google and Yahoo! The introduction of the Internet has made it easy to gather and research information quickly. Other reasons that Internet users use the Internet is for social media, to search for driving directions, look into a hobby or interest, or research a product or service before buying, just to name a few. Creative enterprise such as remixing songs or lyrics stood at the bottom of reasons people use the Internet. Surprisingly, only 11% of Internet users said they use the Internet for creative purposes. Perhaps people are using specific software to be creative. Which transition word could the author have used to connect these two sentences? Approximately 92% of Internet users report using the Internet for this purpose. 89% of Internet users report that they use the Internet to search for information. A) next, B) similarly, C) therefore, D) additionally,

D) additionally,

Which of the following messages provides the most accessibility to the most learners? A) graphic message B) print message C) audiovisual message D) audiovisual message

D) audiovisual message

In upper elementary grades, reading becomes more challenging and meaningful for students because at this stage: A) students have a harder time self-selecting books to read on their own B) interest in reading fades as students find other activities they prefer C) students are still developing skills in fluency and decoding D) children use reading to obtain information to be successful in the content areas

D) children use reading to obtain information to be successful in the content areas

Which of the following word pairs is a good example of homonyms? A) to-toe B) to-two C) to-tube D) club-club

D) club-club

When children master the alphabetic principle of English, they are able to A) write each letter of the alphabet B) recite and establish the sequence of the letters of the alphabet C) create simple poems and recite them aloud D) connect letters and letter combinations to create sounds

D) connect letters and letter combinations to create sounds

Definitions of words are best introduced in which of the following ways? A) inductively B) in context-reduced situations C) deductively D) contextually

D) contextually

Graphic organizers: A) generally aren't helpful to ELL students B) work better with poetry than other forms of writing C) primarily are used in grades K-3 D) help readers think critically by pulling out the main idea and supporting details

D) help readers think critically by pulling out the main idea and supporting details

Tier 3 vocabulary includes academic and technical terms used in A) spelling bees and in rare linguistic situations B) to provide specificity to instruction C) to express connotative meaning D) in the content areas

D) in the content areas

What is the value of using a Venn diagram to analyze two stories with a similar theme? A) it can help students to outline the main ideas of each text B) it can help students to draw inferences from the two texts C) it can help students to identify the text structure of the reading D) it can help students to compare and contrast ideas across the two stories

D) it can help students to compare and contrast ideas across the two stories

Ms. Becerra uses a strategy with her sixth graders to help them monitor their own comprehension as they read independently. She instructs her students to stop and check that they understand the main ideas in the story before moving on to the next section. This type of comprehension practice fosters which of the following? A) vocabulary B) decoding C) fluency D) metacognition

D) metacognition

Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow. According to Factmonster.com, the most popular Internet activity is sending and/or reading email. Approximately 92% of Internet users report using the Internet for this purpose. 89% of Internet users report that they use the Internet to search for information. Two popular search engines are Google and Yahoo! The introduction of the Internet has made it easy to gather and research information quickly. Other reasons that Internet users use the Internet is for social media, to search for driving directions, look into a hobby or interest, or research a product or service before buying, just to name a few. Creative enterprise such as remixing songs or lyrics stood at the bottom of reasons people use the Internet. Surprisingly, only 11% of Internet users said they use the Internet for creative purposes. Perhaps people are using specific software to be creative. How is the passage organized? A) sequence of events B) compare and contrast C) cause and effect D) statement support

D) statement support

The passage below contains many errors. Read the passage. Then, answer each test item by choosing the option that corrects an error in the underlined portion(s). No more than one underlined error will appear in each item. If no error exists, choose "No change is necessary." If you give me ten dollars, I'll give you fifty in return. Does this sound too good to be true? Well, anything that sounds too good to be true probably is. That stands true for herbal supplements. Herbal supplements are main targeted toward improving one type of ail-targeted toward improving. There is no cure-all herbal supplement so don't believe what he tells you. Herbal supplement can fix more than one thing. Herbal supplements is great and have a lot of positive things to offer its takers and have become very popular with consumers. Many doctors are even suggesting that they try natural herbal remedies before prescribing an over-the-counter medication. Herbal supplements have given consumers a new power to self-diagnose and consumers can head to the health food store and pick up an herbal supplement rather than heading to the doctor. Herbal supplements take a little long than prescribed medication to clear up any illnesses, but they are a more natural way to go, and some consumers prefer that form of medication. Herbal supplement can fix more than one thing. A) things B) no change is necessary C) then D) supplements

D) supplements

The passage below contains many errors. Read the passage. Then, answer each test item by choosing the option that corrects an error in the underlined portion(s). No more than one underlined error will appear in each item. If no error exists, choose "No change is necessary." If you give me ten dollars, I'll give you fifty in return. Does this sound too good to be true? Well, anything that sounds too good to be true probably is. That stands true for herbal supplements. Herbal supplements are main targeted toward improving one type of ail-targeted toward improving. There is no cure-all herbal supplement so don't believe what he tells you. Herbal supplement can fix more than one thing. Herbal supplements is great and have a lot of positive things to offer its takers and have become very popular with consumers. Many doctors are even suggesting that they try natural herbal remedies before prescribing an over-the-counter medication. Herbal supplements have given consumers a new power to self-diagnose and consumers can head to the health food store and pick up an herbal supplement rather than heading to the doctor. Herbal supplements take a little long than prescribed medication to clear up any illnesses, but they are a more natural way to go, and some consumers prefer that form of medication. Many doctors are even suggesting that they try natural herbal remedies before prescribing an over-the-counter medication. A) is B) no change is necessary C) prescribing D) their patients

D) their patients

Students in Mr. Campos's classroom are learning to interpret visual images. As part of Mr. Campos's explanation to his class, which of the following is he least likely to consider mentioning as a benefit of visual media? A) visual images add clarity to the message being conveyed B) visual images can be used to show step-by-step developments C) visual images can help spark an audience's interest in the topic D) visual images cannot stimulate thinking because they can confuse people

D) visual images cannot stimulate thinking because they can confuse people

Mr. Lopez gives a small group of English Language Learners a set of word cards. On each card is a printed word that the students have already learned to read (e.g. he, she, sees, loves, has, the, dog, cat, pail). Mr. Lopez shows the students how to arrange the cards to make sentences (e.g., She sees the cat). Students then create their own sentences and read them aloud. Mr. Lopez understands that this activity promotes word recognition skills. Additionally, this activity can be expected to promote writing development by: A. Promoting students' recognition of similarities and differences between written and oral language. B. Helping students understand the value of writing conventions. C. Helping students learn to view their writing as a useful tool for communication. D. Building students' understanding of basic syntactic structure.

D. Building students' understanding of basic syntactic structure.

Ali is a sixth grade advanced English learner experiencing problems with some English sounds. These problems often make his pronunciation incomprehensible to native speakers. Ali tells the teacher that he can conceptualize the standard pronunciation in his mind, but when it comes out, it comes out wrong. What strategy can the teacher use to address Ali's pronunciation problem? A. ask teh student to spend more time in the language laboratory, listening to authentic discourse B. guide the student to read a list describing all the pronunciation problems typical of English learners C. describe the articulators involved in the production of each English phoneme D. isolate key pronunciation problems, identify the sounds involved, and describe how the sounds are produced

D. isolate key pronunciation problems, identify the sounds involved, and describe how the sounds are produced

A teacher presents to her kindergarten students an enlarged version of a poem each week, and guides students to read the poem with the teacher each morning during the week. As the teacher reads the poem, the teacher says, "I will point to each word. Please read with me and look at each word while I point to a word."What is the instructional value of this kind of activity? A. the children can learn how to segment sounds of words B. the teacher can help students learn how to write letters of the alphabet C. the children can learn to read nonfiction as they follow along D. the children can learn that print in English moves left to right and that space separates words

D. the children can learn that print in English moves left to right and that space separates words

Identify the number of phonemes in the word through. A. four B. seven C. two D. three

D. three

Effective writing requires students to tailor compositions to their audience or to the purpose of an occasion. To accomplish this, the writing portion of the Texas basic skills exam uses: A. multiple-choice questions. B. specific instructions to guide children in the writing sample. C. a series of questions to guide the development of the writing sample. D. writing prompts.

D. writing prompts.