CPL 120 CH 2,3,4,5,16

Three-Skill Approach

Katz's conceptual model based on his own research and observations

During the 2008 United States presidential election, Barack Obama demonstrated this trait extensively and brought public attention to its value as it relates to leadership.

charisma

What was an element that GLOBE used to create regional clusters?

common language

A leader who makes sure the personal and social needs of followers are met is displaying

country club

What term is the desire to get the job done and includes characteristics such as initiative, persistence, dominance, and drive

determination

Jenny is the project manager of a small web design firm. She identifies with Christian and American cultures. Working alone, Jenny created the work flow calendar for the next six months, carefully including days off for Easter and the Fourth of July. Rajiv, one of the firm's new designers who practices Islam, was disappointed to see that Jenny scheduled a huge project in late June during one of his important cultural holidays, Ramadan. When Jenny was designing the work calendar, she was using

ethnocentrism

_________ is the human tendency to place ones own group at the center of ones observations of others and the world. it is problematic for leaders because it presents them from fully understanding the world of others, and it inhibits cultural awareness

ethnocentrism

Assisting group members in building cohesiveness is primarily a task behavior.

false

Creating a timeline for subordinates to follow is a relationship leader behavior.

false

Crystallized cognitive ability refers to one's innate intellectual ability or intelligence.

false

D4 subordinates are not certain that they can do the job by themselves.

false

Diversity is an approach or system that concentrates on one culture.

false

Hofstede's benchmark research identified six major dimensions on which cultures differ.

false

Motivation and personality fall within the competencies component of Mumford's skills model.

false

One of the GLOBE cultural dimensions, power distance, is defined as the degree to which members of a group favor strategic physical distance close to or away from others.

false

One of the more widely recognized approaches to leadership is the behavioral approach, which was developed by Hersey and Blanchard (1969) based on Reddin's (1967) 3-D management style theory.

false

Only leaders at the top level of an organization can effectively apply task and relationship behaviors.

false

Prejudice is other-oriented rather than self-oriented.

false

Social judgment is an individual attribute in the skills model.

false

Technical skills grow in importance as one moves up Katz's managerial/leadership hierarchy.

false

The Big Five and leadership meta-analysis found that the factor most strongly associated with leadership is conscientiousness.

false

The behavioral approach works by telling leaders how to behave.

false

The great person approach stresses that leaders' traits are learned.

false

The lack of high-speed Internet access in a company is an external environmental influence that can affect leadership outcomes.

false

The skills approach is not descriptive

false

The trait approach determines the most important traits in a highly objective way

false

The trait approach successfully identified one agreed upon list of specific leader traits.

false

globalizatiob orignated after the Vietnam War

false

According to your book, integrity is a leader's inclination to seek out pleasant social relationships.

false?

A core concept in situational leadership is that

followers skills and motivation vary over time

Applications for culture and leadership do not include

help maximize profit within a locally owned and operated organization

A leader who is indifferent and apathetic is displaying

impoversished behaviors

a definition of culture does not include

individual qualities

Culture

is defined as the commonly shared beliefs, values, and norms of a group of people

Human Skills

knowledge about and ability to work with people

Technical Skills

knowledge about and proficiency in a specific type of work or activity

The skills approach takes a _____________ on leadership, like the trait approach.

leader-centered perspective

Which study analyzed questionnaires taken by followers as they described their leader behaviors?

ohio state studies

What best explains the comparison of the skills approach to sports such as golf and tennis?

people can improve their skills through practice and instruction

Authority Compliance (9, 1)

places heavy emphasis on task and job requirements, and less emphasis on people, except to the extent that people are tools for getting the job done

Goleman suggests that emotional intelligence

plays a major role in a persons success

Opportunism

refers to a leader who uses any combination of the basic 5 styles for the purpose of personal advancement

In a major review in 1948, Stogdill suggested

No consistent set of traits differentiates leaders from nonleaders.

Country Club (1, 9)

represents a low concern for task accomplishment coupled with a high concern for interpersonal relationships

Which of the six global leadership behaviors is focused on ensuring the safety and security of the leader and the group?

self protective

The trait approach is criticized for its failure to take __________ into consideration.

situations

University of Michigan studies explored how leadership functioned in

small groups

Team (9, 9)

strong emphasis on both task and interpersonal relationships; promotes a high degree of participation

A leader who lets followers take responsibility for task accomplishment and interacts with and encourages her followers is using

supporting behaviors

The behavioral approach suggests that leaders engage in two primary types of behaviors:

task behavior and relationship behavior

Conceptual Skills

the ability to work with ideas and concepts

Developed a model of emotionally intelligent leadership:

Shankman and Allen

Which scholars created the leadership grid?

Blake and Mouton

Your boss is exactly what you need. While he makes the decisions on how projects will be executed, he seeks your input and supports you emotionally. Your boss is using which leader style with you?

Coaching

Bill is in charge of hiring a new manager for the first shift on the production line. According to Katz's model, Bill should be looking for a person with

Cognitive Ability

A follower that has some competence but low commitment is a

D2

You just achieved your dream of working in the department you have always wanted to be in. Not only are you excited to be with the department; your education and experience complement your new position perfectly. According to the situational model, your level of development is

D4

Career experience is a strong influence on a leader's competencies.

True

Mumford's research studied military personnel rather than business and organizational leaders.

True

Skills approach provides a structure consistent with leadership education programs.

True

The trait approach is theoretically more straightforward than other approaches because it exclusively focuses on the leader.

True

Middle of the Road (5, 5)

a balance between taking people int o account and still emphasizing the work requirements

The Situational Leadership II Model can best be described as

a tool for leaders to adapt their style according to a followers needs

Which of the components on Blake & Mouton's Leadership Grid has low concern for interpersonal relationships and high concern for task accomplishment?

authority compliance

I am doing a training program for staff to help them understand how to integrate both task and relationship behaviors in the workplace. I am applying the main components of which approach in this training session?

behavioral

directive behaviors

behaviors that clarify, often with one-way communication, what is to be done

supportive behavior

behaviors that help subordinates feel comfortable with themselves, each other, and the situation

Stogdill's second study found

both traits and situational factors are determinants of leadership

The assertiveness dimension of culture in the GLOBE studies is described as

the degree to which people in the culture are determined and confrontational

developmental level

the degree to which subordinates have the competence and commitment necessary to accomplish a given task or activity

A criticism of the GLOBE research study, cited in the text, is

the way the study measured leadership

Which scholar reported that a primary characteristic of culture is the degree to which the culture is individualistic or collectivistic?

Hall

The situational approach stresses that leadership is composed of both a directive and supportive dimension and that each has to be applied appropriately in a given situation. To determine what is needed in a particular situation, a leader must evaluate her, his, or their followers and assess how competent and committed they are to perform a given goal.

true

The skills approach is relatively new and has not been widely used in training and development.

true

The skills approach suggests that many individuals have the potential for leadership.

true

The trait approach emphasizes that leadership resides within the individual.

true

The trait approach has not adequately linked the traits of leaders with other outcomes such as group and team performance.

true

ethnocentrism can be a major obstacle to effective leadership

true

human skills grow in importance as one moves up Katz's managerial/leadership hierarchy.

true

Which cultural dimension is defined as the extent to which a society, organization, or group relies on established social norms, rituals, and procedures to make things more predictable and less unclear?

uncertainty avoidance

Impoverished (1, 1)

unconcerned with both task and interpersonal relationships; goes through the motions

What approach has its roots in leadership theory that suggested that certain people were born with special traits that made them great leaders.

trait approach

_______ are what leaders can accomplish, whereas _______ are who leaders are.

traits and skills

A criticism of the behavioral approach is that the research on behavioral approaches has not adequately shown how leaders' behaviors are associated with performance outcomes.

true

A strength of the GLOBE study is that it provided a classification of cultural dimensions that is more expansive than Hofstede's classification system.

true

According to Northouse, trait information can suggest areas in which leaders or managers' personal characteristics are very beneficial to an organization and areas in which they may want to get more training to enhance their overall approach.

true

According to Situational Leadership®, D3 subordinates may be highly skilled but also lack commitment.

true

Although personality certainly plays an integral role in leadership, the skills approach suggests that knowledge and abilities are needed for effective leadership.

true

Culture and leadership focus on a collection of related ideas rather than a single unified theory.

true

Environmental influences are factors in situations that lie outside the leader's competencies, characteristics, and experiences.

true

Global leaders need to be skilled in creating transcultural visions

true

Globalization has created a need to understand how cultural differences affect leadership performance.

true

Human skills are important at all levels of management.

true

In application, the trait approach can help individuals pinpoint their strengths and weaknesses.

true

Mumford's Skills Model of Leadership was designed to determine the competencies needed for effective leader performance.

true

Of all the traits that are related to leadership, intelligence is probably the strongest (most consistent).

true

Paternalism/maternalism refers to a leader who uses both 1,9 and 9,1 styles of the Leadership Grid but does not integrate the two.

true

Self-confidence is the ability to be certain about one's competencies and skills.

true

Situational Leadership is a prescriptive approach to leadership that suggests how leaders can become effective in many different types of organizational settings involving a wide variety of organizational goals. This approach provides a model that suggests to leaders how they should behave based on the demands of a particular situation.

true

Some studies have suggested that masculinity is a leadership trait.

true

The behavioral approach focuses on what leaders do rather than who leaders are.

true

The behavioral approach originated from three different lines of research: the Ohio State studies, the University of Michigan studies, and the work of Blake and Mouton on the Managerial Grid.

true

How many distinct clusters, or groups of countries, are represented in the GLOBE studies?

10

Which of the following is not one of Adler's leader cross-cultural competencies?

?

the GLOBE research program

?