CPT-264 Systems and Procedures Chapter-7

Which of the following is a true statement? A) A data model explains what the organization does and what rules govern how work is done in the organization. B) To construct a data model, you need to know how data are processed. C) To construct a data model, you need to know when data are processed. D) A data flow diagram graphically illustrates the structure and relationships among data items. E) During conceptual data modeling, the preparation of a Network diagram is necessary.

A) A data model explains what the organization does and what rules govern how work is done in the organization.

Which of the following is produced and analyzed during conceptual data modeling? A) An entity relationship diagram for the project's application B) A data dialogue diagram for the project's application C) A Gantt chart for the whole database from which the new application's data are extracted D) A Network diagram for the whole database from which the new application's data are extracted E) A data flow diagram that shows how the new system will be physically implemented

A) An entity relationship diagram for the project's application

Which of the following is a true statement? A) The goal of conceptual data modeling is to capture as much of the meaning of data as is possible. B) The efficiencies gained by maintaining systems at the rule rather than code level drastically reduce cost. C) If a thorough repository of data descriptions is kept, the system can be regenerated as the business rules change. D) The more details about data that we can model, the better the system we can design and build. E) All of the above are true statements.

A) The goal of conceptual data modeling is to capture as much of the meaning of data as is possible.

During systems analysis: A) a conceptual data model (E-R with attributes) is prepared. B) a logical model (relational) is prepared. C) physical files and database designs are prepared. D) an enterprise-wide data model is prepared. E) database and file definitions are prepared

A) a conceptual data model (E-R with attributes) is prepared.

A named property or characteristic of an entity that is of interest to the organization defines: A) attribute. B) relationship. C) instance. D) associative entity. E) data flow.

A) attribute.

Gathering the information you need for data modeling by reviewing specific business documents handled within the system describes the: A) bottom-up approach. B) conceptual approach. C) top-down approach. D) investigative approach. E) business approach.

A) bottom-up approach.

The number of instances of entity B that can (or must) be associated with each instance of entity A refers to: A) cardinality. B) domain. C) ternary occurrence. D) participation level. E) join level.

A) cardinality.

A single occurrence of an entity type defines: A) entity instance. B) entity appearance. C) attribute. D) data element. E) multivalued attribute.

A) entity instance.

A collection of entities that share common properties or characteristics best defines: A) entity type. B) entity instance. C) entity occurrence. D) entity collection. E) data set.

A) entity type.

A "many" maximum cardinality is noted on the E-R diagram by: A) placing a crow's foot notation near the entity. B) placing a zero through the line near the entity. C) using a double ellipse near the entity. D) placing two slash marks near the entity. E) using brackets.

A) placing a crow's foot notation near the entity.

Asking system users and business managers "How many instances of each object might exist?" would help determine: A) the data entities and their descriptions. B) the candidate key. C) attributes and secondary keys. D) relationships and their cardinality and degrees. E) integrity rules, minimum and maximum cardinality, and time dimensions of data.

A) the data entities and their descriptions.

Process, logic, and data-model descriptions of a system must be consistent and complete since: A) they each describe different but complementary views of the same information system. B) they are prepared during the analysis phase. C) they are constructed in parallel by separate analyst teams. D) a data model indicates when the data are processed. E) a data model shows how the data are processed

A) they each describe different but complementary views of the same information system.

The data modeling perspective that derives the business rules for a data model from an intimate understanding of the nature of the business, rather than from any specific information requirements in screens, reports, or business forms, is referred to as the: A) top-down approach. B) bottom-up approach. C) overview approach. D) business approach. E) conceptual approach.

A) top-down approach.

A relationship between the instances of one entity type is a: A) unary relationship. B) binary relationship. C) ternary relationship. D) singular occurrence. E) partnership occurrence.

A) unary relationship.

During systems design: A) a conceptual data model (E-R with attributes) is prepared. B) a logical model (relational) is prepared. C) a conceptual data model (E-R with only entities for the specific project) is prepared. D) an enterprise-wide data model is prepared. E) database and file definitions are prepared.

B) a logical model (relational) is prepared.

An attribute that can have more than one value for each entity instance is referred to as: A) a gerund. B) a multivalued attribute. C) a nonexclusive attribute. D) a data replica. E) none of the above.

B) a multivalued attribute.

The primary deliverable from the conceptual data-modeling step within the analysis phase is: A) a state-transition diagram. B) an entity-relationship diagram. C) a context data flow diagram. D) a decision table. E) Structured English.

B) an entity-relationship diagram.

A relationship that the data modeler chooses to model as an entity type best defines: A) recursive relationship. B) associative entity. C) domain. D) complex relationship. E) complex entity.

B) associative entity.

A relationship between instances of two entity types is a: A) unary relationship. B) binary relationship. C) ternary relationship. D) multiple occurrence. E) partnership occurrence.

B) binary relationship.

The most common format used for data modeling is: A) state-transition diagramming. B) entity-relationship diagramming. C) process modeling. D) logic modeling. E) a flowchart.

B) entity-relationship diagramming. ?

On an entity-relationship diagram, a rectangle represents a(n): A) data flow. B) entity. C) multivalued attribute. D) repeating group. E) relationship.

B) entity.

A candidate key that has been selected as the unique, identifying characteristic for an entity type is called a(n): A) attribute. B) identifier. C) secondary key. D) gerund. E) index.

B) identifier.

Asking system users and business managers "Is each activity or event always handled the same way or are there special circumstances?" helps determine: A) the candidate key. B) integrity rules, minimum and maximum cardinality, and time dimensions of data. C) security controls and understanding who really knows the meaning of data. D) attributes and secondary keys. E) relationships and their cardinality and degrees

B) integrity rules, minimum and maximum cardinality, and time dimensions of data.

The minimum number of instances of entity B that may be associated with each instance of entity A defines the: A) degree of the relationship. B) minimum cardinality of the relationship. C) maximum cardinality of the relationship. D) domain of the relationship. E) join level.

B) minimum cardinality of the relationship

If each employee can have more than one skill, then skill is referred to as a: A) gerund. B) multivalued attribute. C) nonexclusive attribute. D) repeating attribute. E) data replica.

B) multivalued attribute.

An association between the instances of one or more entity types that is of interest to the organization best defines: A) occurrence. B) relationship. C) natural connection. D) cardinality. E) entity link.

B) relationship.

Asking system users and managers "Who is responsible for establishing legitimate values for these data?" helps determine: A) the candidate key. B) security controls and understanding who really knows the meaning of data. C) relationships and their cardinality and degrees. D) attributes and secondary keys. E) integrity rules, minimum and maximum cardinality, and time dimensions of data.

B) security controls and understanding who really knows the meaning of data.

On an entity-relationship diagram, the entity's identifier is: A) identified by using a double-lined ellipse. B) underlined on an E-R diagram. C) bold on an E-R diagram. D) written in all capital letters on an E-R diagram. E) placed in italics.

B) underlined on an E-R diagram.

Which of the following is a true statement? A) Data entities correspond to sources/sinks on a data flow diagram. B) Relationships correspond to data flows on a data flow diagram. C) A data entity will have many possible instances. D) Verbs are used to name entity types. E) An entity type is described many times in the data model.

C) A data entity will have many possible instances.

Which of the following is a true statement? A) Data characteristics are dynamic. B) A data model explains the transient form of an organization. C) An information system design based on a data orientation, rather than a process or logic orientation, should have a longer useful life. D) Data flow paths are permanent. E) A data model graphically represents the processes that capture, manipulate, store, and distribute data between a system and its environment and among components within a system.

C) An information system design based on a data orientation, rather than a process or logic orientation, should have a longer useful life.

Reviewing computer screens, reports, and business forms for the purpose of gaining an understanding of data is indicative of the: A) investigative approach. B) business approach. C) bottom-up approach. D) top-down approach. E) conceptual approach.

C) bottom-up approach.

An attribute (or combination of attributes) that uniquely identifies each instance of an entity type defines: A) data element occurrence. B) trigger. C) candidate key. D) associative entity. E) data marker.

C) candidate key.

When selecting an identifier, one should: A) use intelligent keys. B) use large composite keys instead of single-attribute surrogate keys. C) choose a candidate key that will not change its value over the life of each instance of the entity type. D) choose a candidate key such that for each instance of the entity, the attribute is guaranteed to have valid values or is null. E) choose a candidate key that allows for duplicate values.

C) choose a candidate key that will not change its value over the life of each instance of the entity type.

A detailed, logical, and graphical representation of the entities, associations, and data elements for an organization or business area best describes a(n): A) logic model. B) data-flow diagram. C) entity-relationship diagram or E-R diagram. D) structure chart. E) data tree.

C) entity-relationship diagram or E-R diagram.

A product is an example of a(n): A) data element. B) attribute. C) entity. D) relationship. E) process.

C) entity.

A renewal is an example of a(n): A) data element. B) attribute. C) entity. D) relationship. E) action stub.

C) entity.

Conceptual data modeling is typically done in parallel with other requirements analysis and structuring steps during: A) systems planning and selection. B) systems design. C) systems analysis. D) systems implementation and operation. E) systems evaluation.

C) systems analysis.

A simultaneous relationship among instances of three entity types is a: A) unary relationship. B) binary relationship. C) ternary relationship. D) multiple occurrence. E) recursive join.

C) ternary relationship

If entity B is a mandatory participant, then: A) the minimum cardinality of the relationship is two. B) the minimum cardinality of the relationship cannot be defined. C) the minimum cardinality of the relationship is one. D) the minimum cardinality of the relationship is optional. E) the join level is not null.

C) the minimum cardinality of the relationship is one.

During which of the following steps will you bring the current phase to a close, prepare a report and presentation to management concerning continuation of the project, and get ready to move the project into design? A) Designing the human interface B) Requirements determination C) Project initiation and planning D) Alternative generation and selection E) Requirements structuring

D) Alternative generation and selection

During systems planning and selection: A) a conceptual data model (E-R with attributes) is prepared. B) a logical model (relational) is prepared. C) physical files and database designs are prepared. D) an enterprise-wide data model is prepared. E) database and file definitions are prepared.

D) an enterprise-wide data model is prepared.

The number of entity types that participate in a relationship refers to: A) cardinality. B) association. C) count. D) degree. E) normalization.

D) degree.

A person, place, object, event, or concept in the user environment about which the organization wishes to maintain data refers to a(n): A) attribute. B) data element. C) relationship. D) entity. E) process.

D) entity.

Vehicle identification number, color, weight, and horsepower best exemplify: A) entities. B) entity types. C) data markers. D) identifiers. E) attributes.

E) attributes.

Selecting the best alternative system involves: A) generating a comprehensive set of alternative design strategies. B) selecting the alternative design strategy that is most likely to result in the desired information system, given all of the organizational, economic, and technical constraints that limit what can be done. C) developing all technology and organizational specifications necessary to implement the new information system. D) working with a customer to establish work standards and communication procedures. E) both A and B.

E) both A and B.

During systems implementation and operation: A) a conceptual data model (E-R with attributes) is prepared. B) a logical model (relational) is prepared. C) physical files and database designs are prepared. D) an enterprise-wide data model is prepared. E) database and file definitions are prepared.

E) database and file definitions are prepared.

Some systems developers believe that a data model is the most important part of the statement of information system requirements because: A) the characteristics of data captured during data modeling are crucial in the design of databases, programs, computer screens, and printed reports. B) data rather than processes are the most complex aspects of many modern information systems and thus require a central role in structuring system requirements. C) the characteristics about data are reasonably permanent. D) structural information about data is essential to generate programs automatically. E) of all of the above.

E) of all of the above.

If STUDENT and COURSE participate in a relationship, this is an example of a(n): A) unary relationship. B) coupled relationship. C) binary relationship. D) ternary relationship. E) extraordinary relationship.

C) binary relationship

A set of two or more multivalued attributes that are logically related defines: A) relationship. B) associative entity. C) repeating group. D) class. E) repeating entity.

C) repeating group.

A ternary relationship occurs when a simultaneous relationship exists among instances of: A) the same entity. B) two entity types. C) three entity types. D) four entity types. E) nine entity types.

C) three entity types.