Cranium
Accessory n (CN XI) Vertebral a Brainstem
Structures within foramen magnum
Hypoglossal n (CN XII)
Structures within hypoglossal canal at edge of foramen magnum
Circle of Willis
A structure at the base of the brain that is formed by the joining of the internal carotid and basilar arteries.
Internal jugular vein
As the sigmoid sinus exits the jugular foramen, it becomes the _________
Internal acoustic meatus
Beneath petrous portion of temporal bone, through which facial and vesstibulocochlear nn pass
Anterior: orbital plate of frontal bone Posterior: lesser wing of the sphenoid
Bones of the anterior cranial fossa (anterior and posterior)
Posterior communicating a
Comes off posterior cerebral a to attach anteriorly to internal carotid a
Straight sinus
Connects inferior sagittal sinus to confluence of sinuses at the base of the falx cerebri
Middle meningeal a
Continuation of the maxillary a, supplies majority of the dura mater in cranial cavity and closely adhered to the under surface of the calvaria
Basilar a
Convergence of vertebral aa along brainstem
Anterior communicating a
Cross bridge between anterior cerebral aa
No
Is there an epidural space in the skull
foramen rotundum
Just anterior to and smaller than the foramen ovale
Superior sagittal sinus
Lies in the midline of the calvaria at the junction of the upper border of the falx cerebri, and runs along the convex surface of the calvaria. It starts at the crista Gali and ends at the junctional region of the falx cerebri and tentorium cerebella
Transverse sinuses Sigmoid sinus
Merge from the confluence of sinuses and runs along tentorium cerebelli on both sides towards jugular foramen, turning inferiorly to become the _________
Cavernous sinus Superior petrosal sinuses
On each side of sella turcica, connects to transverse sinuses via
Cribiform plate
Part of ethmoid bone, free nerve endings of the olfactory bulb hang down through perforations in plate
Diaphragm sellae
Piece of dura running over and partially enclosing sella turcica (pituitary gland sits here)
Inferior sagittal sinus Great cerebral vein Straight sinus
Runs along bottom of falx cerebri from crista galli anteriorly and joins with the with the ____________ posteriorly to an area called the __________
Inferior petrosal sinus
Runs along inner wall down towards foramen magnum to the jugular foramen from the cavernous sinus
Falx cerebella
Separates the two cerebellar hemispheres
Posterior cerebral a
Split of basilar a, to left and right
Falx cerebri
Splits 2 hemispheres of cerebral cortex of the brain
Optic n (CN II) Ophthalmic a
Structures passing through the optic canal
Oculomotor n (CN III) Trochlear n (CN IV) Ophthalmic (V1) division of the trigeminal n (CN V) Abducens n (CN VI)
Structures passing through the superior orbital fissure
glossopharyngeal n (CN IX) Vagus n (CN X) Accessory n (CN XI) Internal jugular a and v
Structures within jugular foramen
Internal carotid a Oculomotor n (CN III) Trochlear n (CN IV) Ophthalmic (V1) and Maxillary (V2) divisions of the trigeminal n (CN V) Abducens n (CN VI)
Structures within the cavernous sinus
Mandibular division (V3) of the trigeminal n (CN V)
Structures within the foramen ovale
Maxillary division (V2) of the trigeminal n (CN V)
Structures within the foramen rotundum
middle meningeal artery
Structures within the foramen spinosum
Facial n (CN VII) Vestibulocochlear n (CN VIII) Labyrinthine a and v
Structures within the internal acoustic meatus
Periosteal layer
The dura is fused to the __________ of the calvaria and floor of the cranial cavity
Jugular foramen
The dural venous sinuses are a valveless venous channel system within the dura and primarily drain towards the _____-
Middle and anterior cerebral aa
The internal carotid a branches to the ____ and ____ aa
Dural septa Venous blood Dural sinuses
The meningeal layer separates from the periosteal layer to form ________. _______ sits in these spaces, forming ___________
Foramen magnum Jugular foramen
The spinal accessory n has 2 origins and runs up through the __________ and into the __________
Anterior, middle and posterior cranial fossa
Three parts of the floor of the cranial cavity
Internal carotid aa and vertebral aa
What 4 vessels bring blood to the brain
dura, arachnoid, pia mater
What are the three meningeal layers continuous with the spinal cord
Outer periosteal layer Inner meningeal layer Creates dural septa and sinuses
What are the two layers of the dura and what do they create in the skull
Frontal bone (coronal suture separates it from the parietal bones) Parietal bones (sagittal suture separates these two) Occipital bone (lambdoid suture separates it from the parietal bones)
What bones make up the Calvaria of the skull and what sutures separate them
Dorsum sellae Occipital bone Temporal bone (part of petrous part) Mastoid part of temporal bone
What bones make up the posterior cranial fossa
Central portion of the body of the sphenoid (anteriorly chiasmatic groove, posteriorly sella turcica) Greater wing of the sphenoid Petrous part of the temporal bone
What makes up the middle cranial fossa
Frontal lobe
What part of the brain rests on the anterior cranial fossa
Temporal lobe
What part of the brain sits on the middle cranial fossa
Occipital lobes, cerebellum, and brainstem
What structures sit in the posterior cranial fossa
C1
When does the brainstem become the spinal cord
Olfactory n (CN 1)
Which nerve has nerve endings perforating the cribiform plate of the anterior cranial fossa
superior orbital fissure
between greater and lesser wings of the sphenoid bone
Superior petrosal sinus
drains cavernous sinus into transverse sinus
Confluence of sinuses
intersection of superior sagittal sinus, straight sinus, transverse sinuses, occipital sinus at junctional region of falx cerebri and tentorium cerebella
tentorium cerebelli
separates the occipital lobes of the cerebrum from the cerebellum
Middle cerebral a
terminal branch of internal carotid a.; passes between the temporal and frontal lobes to reach the lateral part of the cerebral hemispheres