CRC EXAM BOOK 1 QUESTIONS

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Th is term refers to the dynamic process that a persons with a disability experiences to achieve the final state of optimal person-environment congruence. A. Adaptation B. Adjustment C. Acceptance D. Quality of life

A. Adaptation

This term refers to the dynamic process that a persons with a disability experiences to achieve the final state of optimal person-environment congruence. A. Adaptation B. Adjustment C. Acceptance D. Quality of life

A. Adaptation

Which one the following categories of factors DO NOT influence career decision making in Krumboltz's theory? A. Personality type B. Genetic endowment C. Learning experiences D. Task-approach skills E. Environmental events and conditions

A. Personality type

Sophistication in job-acquiring skills is referred to as: A. Placeability skills B. Specific employability skills C. General employability skills D. Job interviewing skills

A. Placeability skills

Th e Rehabilitation Act of 1973 mandated: A. Program evaluation for state-federal rehabilitation agencies B. A reduction in the federal-state funding split from 80-20 to 70-30 C. Rehabilitation services for the culturally deprived D. More emphasis on behavioral disorders (alcoholics, drug abusers, etc.)

A. Program evaluation for state-federal rehabilitation agencies

Several sections of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 under Title V prohibit employment discrimination against people with disabilities. Which section requires affi rmative action and prohibits discrimination in employment by federal agencies of the executive branch of government? A. Section 501 B. Section 502 C. Section 503 D. Section 504

A. Section 501

An infant learns that when a ball that she has been playing with is placed under a blanket, the ball still exists even though she cannot see it. According to Piaget, this occurs during which stage of cognitive development? A. Sensorimotor B. Concrete operations C. Formal operations D. Preoperational

A. Sensorimotor

Which disability model states that disability is not a personal attribute but caused by society? A. Social model B. Biomedical model C. Functional model D. Environmental model

A. Social model

The professionals who have the primary responsibility for providing vocational rehabilitation services and assistance to enable people with disabilities meet their needs for equal employment opportunities and quality of life satisfaction are: A. Job placement specialists B. Employee assistance counselors C. Rehabilitation counselors D. Rehabilitation psychologists

C. Rehabilitation counselors

Over the past 20 years, the ____ has become the predominant model used for sexuality and disability studies. A. Psychological model B. Medical model C. Social model D. Biological model

C. Social model

Th e most common stressors for older adults are health-related issues due to: A. Chronic illness B. Diminished functioning C. Loss of ability to drive D. A and B

D. A and B

Breaching client confidentiality must occur in which of the following situations: A. The client informs you that he or she is going to kill his or her girlfriend B. The client tells you that he/she feels pretty sad and depressed C. The client tells you that he/she hit his/her son a couple times D. A and C

D. A and C

Th e co-occurrence of mental health issues with medical problems among the elderly is best described as follows: A. Such comorbidity is rarely seen. B. Unlike in younger Americans, a higher risk for medical issues has been associated with a decreased risk for mental health diagnoses. C. Limited access to mental health care for older Americans makes it unclear whether such comorbidity exists. D. A variety of factors associated with medical problems seem to increase the risk for mental health issues.

D. A variety of factors associated with medical problems seem to increase the risk for mental health issues.

Th e "coping versus succumbing" model includes all the following value changes associated with acceptance of disability EXCEPT: A. Enlargement of the scope of values B. Subordination of the physique C. Containment of disability effects D. Adherence to treatment

D. Adherence to treatment

The "coping versus succumbing" model includes all the following value changes associated with acceptance of disability EXCEPT: A. Enlargement of the scope of values B. Subordination of the physique C. Containment of disability effects D. Adherence to treatment

D. Adherence to treatment

Sexuality is important to the rehabilitation process because of its relationship with: A. Self-esteem B. Body image C. Well being D. All of the above

D. All of the above

According to Paul Salomone, the negative consequences of selective placement include: A. Increase client dependence B. Decrease self-confidence C. Impair dignity D. All the above

D. All the above

An impairment is only a "disability" under the ADA if it substantially limits one or more major life activities. Th e concept of substantially limiting is based on: A. Severity B. Duration C. Impact D. All the above

D. All the above

Examples of interventions for changing negative attitudes include: A. Contact of personal experience B. Disability simulation C. Classroom lectures D. All the above

D. All the above

Job seeking skills training seek to teach clients A. Prepare resume B. Secure job leads C. Perform interviews D. All the above

D. All the above

Th e ADA Amendments Act clarifies and expands the meaning and application of the definition of disability by: A. Providing a broad coverage of individuals under this act B. Prohibiting consideration of mitigating measures when determining whether an impairment substantially limits a major life activity C. Removing from the "regarded as" prong of the disability definition (the third prong of the definition) the requirement that an individual demonstrates that the impairment that he or she has, or is perceived to have, limits a major life activity in a way that is perceived to be substantial D. All the above

D. All the above

Th is is an evaluative statement (favorable or unfavorable) related to a person, object, or event. A. Stigma B. Prejudice C. Discrimination D. Attitude

D. Attitude

Th is involves the beliefs, customs, practices, social behaviors, and set of attitudes of a particular nation or group of people. A. Worldview B. Ethnicity C. Race D. Culture

D. Culture

Which of the following is NOT an ethical principle that the CRC Code of Professional Ethics is based on? A. Nonmaleficence (i.e., inflict no harm) B. Autonomy C. Justice (i.e., fairness) D. Dignity

D. Dignity

What career development theories originally described the career development process in three stages that involve self, work, and the interaction between self and work? A. John Holland B. Albert Bandura C. Gail Hackett D. Frank Parsons

D. Frank Parsons

Which of the following is not a criterion of undue hardship under the ADA? A. Unduly costly B. Extensive C. Substantial D. Lack of knowledge

D. Lack of knowledge

Th e primary function of the Smith-Fess Act of 1920 was to: A. Create the Veteran's Administration B. Create the Federal Workmen's Compensation Board C. Establish the Federal Board of Education D. Launch the civilian vocational rehabilitation program in the United States E. None of the above

D. Launch the civilian vocational rehabilitation program in the United States

Individuals who experience disability at this developmental stage may experience loss of identity, loss of status, and loss of economic security. A. Early adulthood B. Adolescence C. Preschool age D. Middle adulthood

D. Middle adulthood

A rehabilitation counselor is working with a client to fi nd him or her a job, the counselor has explored the client's work values, has some idea of his or her skill levels and has identified some of his or her career interests. Now, it is time for the counselor and client to examine the employment prospects of these career paths. Which of the following should they use? A. Dictionary of Occupational Titles (DOT) B. Worker Traits Data Book (WTD) C. Standard Occupational Classification System (SOC) D. Occupational Outlook Handbook (OOH)

D. Occupational Outlook Handbook (OOH)

Learning styles are a part of a person's ____. A. Biology B. Character C. Ego D. Personality

D. Personality

Th e Rehabilitation Act of 1973 mandated which of the following as a high priority state- federal program rehabilitation service? A. Behavioral disorders B. All industrially injured workers C. Socially disadvantaged D. Persons with severe disabilities

D. Persons with severe disabilities

Th is World Health Organization International Classification of Functioning conceptualizes disability to include all the following major domains EXCEPT: A. Body function and structure B. Activity and participation C. Person and environment D. Psychosocial adjustment

D. Psychosocial adjustment

State rehabilitation agencies were mandated to increase the utilization of rehabilitation engineering by persons with disabilities by the A. Rehabilitation Act of 1973 B. Rehabilitation Engineering Act of 1990 C. Rehabilitation Act Amendments of 1986 D. Rehabilitation Act Amendments of 1992

D. Rehabilitation Act Amendments of 1992

The Rehabilitation Act Amendments of 1984: A. Mandated that all public transit buses equipped with lifts B. Extended services to children 12 years of age or older C. Required each state rehabilitation agency to have its own written code of ethics D. Required each state rehabilitation agency to have a Client Assistance Program

D. Required each state rehabilitation agency to have a Client Assistance Program

This refers to persons with disabilities taking control of their own lives, speaking up for themselves, being in control of their own resources, and having the right to make life decisions without undue influence from others. A. Independence B. Rehabilitation success C. Self-sufficiency D. Self-advocacy

D. Self-advocacy

The place-train-follow-up (PTF) is composed of four major components, which one of the next elements is not a component of the PTF. A. Job placement B. Job-site training C. Ongoing assessment D. Supplying long-term follow-up training

D. Supplying long-term follow-up training

Person-environmental interaction and work adjustment theory are BOTH what kind of career development theory? A. Trait and factor theory B. Developmental theory C. Special focus theory D. Trait and type theory

D. Trait and type theory

The Barden-LaFollette Act of 1943 A. made culturally deprived persons eligible for state VR services B. created a market for products made by blind people C. extended civilian vocational rehabilitation services to veterans with disabilities D. made persons with mental illness and persons with mental retardation eligible for state VR services

D. made persons with mental illness and persons with mental retardation eligible for state VR services

Research on adaptation to disability has consistently shown that A. certain personality types are frequently associated with specific disabilities B. severity of the disability is directly related to the expected level of adjustment C. people who share common personality types, demographic backgrounds, and are of the same age show remarkably similar reactions to and patterns of adjustment D. positive psychosocial outcomes are strongly associated with level of social support

D. positive psychosocial outcomes are strongly associated with level of social support

Strategies of learning include all but which of the following? A. Visual learning B. Somatosensory learning C. Auditory learning D. Kinesthetic learning

Somatosensory learning

True or False: According to Holland's theory, personality types and work environments can resemble six types: realistic, investigative, artistic, social, enterprising, and conventional

True

Kathy keeps a rigid schedule, no mater the weather, season or holiday she runs several miles and hits the gym. No matter her physical condition, she seems to find a way to push through needing to achieve some level of minimal fitness, which she believes she has never achieved. Her eating schedule is fixed, as well, tightly controlling when she eats. However, she takes solace in food and several times per week orders out two large pizzas and drinks 2 liters of soda with it, followed by a 6-pack of candy bars. She immediately sets in place a regimen of laxatives coupled with vomiting. She feels some immediate relief from the intense guilt the previous two hours of eating brought. Kathy has a history of tears in the esophagus, gum inflammation and infection, irregular heartbeat, dehydration, and tooth decay. A. Bulimia Nervosa, moderate B. Obsessive Compulsive Disorder C. Binge-eating Disorder D. Anorexia Nervosa

A. Bulimia Nervosa, moderateKathy's symptoms are consistent with Bulimia Nervosa, with both binging and purging activities, feeling out of control with food, and pressure about her body image. Compensatory activities occur several four times per week, making severity 'moderate.'

Which of the following assessment instruments would be considered a measure for personality? A. California Psychological Inventory (CPI) B. Kuder Career Search (KCS) C. Strong Interest Inventory (SII) D. General Aptitude Test Battery (GATB) E. None of the above

A. California Psychological Inventory (CPI)

Th is is the action carried out based on prejudice. A. Discrimination B. Stigma C. Attitudes D. Stereotypes

A. Discrimination

Reason(s) sexuality is left out of the rehabilitation process include: A. Limited staff knowledge B. Comfort with sexuality issues C. Increased training for staff D. Positive attitudes about sexuality and disability.

A. Limited staff knowledge

What is the first digit of the DOT represents? A. Occupational category B. Occupational group C. Occupational division D. Occupational cluster

A. Occupational category

The first piece of rehabilitation legislation enacted supporting of the practice of vocational rehabilitation was: A. The Soldiers Rehabilitation Act of 1918 B. The Smith-Fess Act of 1920 C. The Social Security Act of 1935 D. The States Rights Rehabilitation Act of 1902

A. The Soldiers Rehabilitation Act of 1918

Th e train-place-train-follow-up (TPTF) is composed of four major parts, which of the following components is a component of the TPFF: A. The first component of this approach stresses the identification of prospective job placements within the community and conducting a job analysis B. Structuring job search eff orts for the client and matching his or her strengths to the job's needs C. Supervising the client's progress in learning the job through observation directly D. Th e States Rights Rehabilitation Act of 1902

A. The first component of this approach stresses the identification of prospective job placements within the community and conducting a job analysis

Research among twins suggests that compared with other contributing factors, the most important predictor of an individual's level of happiness appears to be genetics. Th is could be interpreted as support for: A. The nativist perspective B. Adaptive environmental techniques C. Th e nurturist perspective D. Th e combined perspective

A. The nativist perspective

What is the main features of the "job club" that is different from other job seeking skills program? A. The use of a "buddy" system B. The use of selective placement C. The use of client-centered placement D. All the above

A. The use of a "buddy" system

Nondiscrimination in employment practices is mandated by which Title of the ADA? A. Title I B. Title II C. Title III D. Title IV

A. Title I

Th e North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) is the standard used by Federal statistical agencies in classifying business establishments. NAICS covers how many business sectors? A. 12 B. 20 C. 30 D. 40

B. 20

Sexual relationships with former clients are prohibited for at least ___ years following termination. A. 2 B. 5 C. 10 D. 20

B. 5

The ethical responsibility of the rehabilitation counselor to safeguard clients from unauthorized disclosures of information given in the therapeutic relationship is: A. Privacy B. Confidentiality C. Privileged communication D. Limits of confidentiality

B. Confidentiality

The transformation of values framework associated with acceptance of disability describes all but which one of the following value changes: A. Enlarging the scope of values B. Containing disability costs C. Subordination of physique D. Transforming comparative status values into asset values

B. Containing disability costs

Social support, architectural barriers, available health care and other institutional resources, and accessibility to workplace are considered what factors that contribute to response to disability? A. Personal B. Environmental C. Psychological D. All the above

B. Environmental

Th e founder of the vocational guidance movement was: A. Donald Super B. Frank Parsons C. Albert Bandura D. John Holland

B. Frank Parsons

Th e "L" and the "T" in LGBTQQIA refer to: A. Loss and time B. Lesbian and transgender C. Label and testing D. None of the above

B. Lesbian and transgender

Prior to the 1970s, research conducted on sexuality and disability was based on the: A. Social model B. Medical model C. Holistic model D. Rehabilitation model

B. Medical model

Which of these are invisible barriers from the environment that impact opportunities, access, help-seeking behaviors, and overall rehabilitation success for persons with disabilities? A. Lack of family support B. Negative attitudes C. Service delivery inequities D. None of the above

B. Negative attitudes

Which of these is a financial disincentive for going to work that is available for many persons with disabilities through government programs? A. Tax breaks for employers to hire PWD B. SSI/SSDI C. Food stamps D. Social security

B. SSI/SSDI

The two main concepts of work adjustment theory are: A. Life role and developmental stage B. Satisfaction and satisfactoriness C. Self-efficacy and outcome expectancies D. Trait and factor

B. Satisfaction and satisfactoriness

What concepts of the social-cognitive theory of career development are borrowed from Albert Bandura? A. Social learning experiences B. Self-efficacy and outcomes expectancies C. Social relationship patterns D. Societal values

B. Self-efficacy and outcomes expectancies

Which of the following represents the typical order of the "stage" process of adjustment to disability? A. Denial, shock, anger, depression, and adaptation B. Shock, denial, anger, depression, and adaptation C. Depression, shock, denial, anger, and adaptation D. Anger, shock, depression, denial, and adaptation

B. Shock, denial, anger, depression, and adaptation

When disability is perceived to be the sole aspect of an individual with a disability's identity and all other aspects of the person are discounted or underrated, this is called: A. Ambiguity of disability B. Spread C. Safety threat D. Invisible barrier

B. Spread

Th is model of disability defines disability as a pathology that lies within the individual. A. Social model B. Functional model C. Biomedical model D. Environmental model

C. Biomedical model

Which of the following is an occasion when the rehabilitation counselor should breach confidentiality? A. When the client's spouse wants to know the psychosocial adjustment of the client B. When it is clear that a third party (an "identifiable victim") will be severely injured by the client C. When confidential information is requested by the employer of the client D. None of the above

B. When it is clear that a third party (an "identifiable victim") will be severely injured by the client

Both Freud's and Piaget's theories of development would both be best described as A. proposing developmental continuity B. proposing developmental discontinuity C. somatopsychological approaches to development D. none of these

B. proposing developmental discontinuity

The prevalence of mental illness among older adults A. will reach 20% among the population of people aged 65 and older B. varies considerably depending on one's form of residence C. is currently roughly equal to that seen in the general population D. is considerably lower than that seen in the general population

B. varies considerably depending on one's form of residence

CRC Code mandates that rehabilitation counselors cannot have sexual or romantic relationship with former client for a period of ___ years following the last professional contact. A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 7

C. 5

Under the Rehabilitation Act Amendments of 1992, rehabilitation counselors must determine whether an individual is eligible for VR services within a reasonable period of time, not to exceed ____ days: A. 120 B. 90 C. 60 D. 30

C. 60

The "two-hats theory" and "big-hat theory" debate regarding the roles and functions of rehabilitation counselors have been re-ignited in the form of 48- versus 60-credit debate. Th e most important concern about the "two hats theory" and the 60-credit approach is: A. It will weaken the identity of rehabilitation counseling B. It will be detrimental to the preparation of students for employment in state VR agencies and community-based rehabilitation programs C. A and B D. None of the above

C. A and B

According to Piaget's theory, cognitive development involves alternating processes of ___ and ___. Th e first refers to the process of taking in and interpreting new knowledge to fit in the existing schema or view of world. Th e second occurs only after a period during which the old schema are seen to be insufficient, and results in the development of a new schema. A. Disequilibrium and accommodation B. Accommodation and assimilation C. Assimilation and disequilibrium D. Assimilation and accommodation

C. Assimilation and disequilibrium

Th is model of disability defi nes disability as a pathology that lies within the individual. A. Social model B. Functional model C. Biomedical model D. Environmental model

C. Biomedical model

Which statement is most accurate concerning families and the rehabilitation counseling process? A. Rehabilitation counselors have an ethical responsibility to enlist the support of family, regardless of the client's willingness to include the family member, provided that the involvement of the family member will, in the counselor's opinion, be a positive resource. B. Research has demonstrated that the infl uence of a client's family on the rehabilitation process is almost consistently negative. C. Clients with disabilities who have family support are more likely to be successful in achieving their rehabilitation goals. D. In order to avoid engaging in dual relationships, rehabilitation counselors are advised to avoid including family members in the rehabilitation counseling process.

C. Clients with disabilities who have family support are more likely to be successful in achieving their rehabilitation goals.

Th is refers to the cognitive, emotional, and/or behavioral responses that persons with disabilities use to mediate the stressors associated a disability. A. Self-efficacy B. Value shift C. Coping D. Stress management

C. Coping

Several limitations have been associated with the stage/phase model approach to understanding adjustment to disability, including all but which one of the following? A. While waiting for the client to complete the grieving process, the counselor working from this approach might feel it is acceptable to withhold or delay treatment or implementing rehabilitation interventions. B. Th e proposed reactions to CID are not universally experienced. C. Counselors might decide that different counseling approaches (e.g., Gestalt, person- centered, REBT) are more appropriate at different stages. D. A state of final adjustment is not experienced.

C. Counselors might decide that different counseling approaches (e.g., Gestalt, person- centered, REBT) are more appropriate at different stages.

Th e thrust of the Randolph-Sheppard Act of 1936 was to: A. Make it mandatory for the federal government to purchase designated products from workshops for individuals with blindness B. Create federal employment opportunities for individuals with deafness C. Enable individuals with blindness to operate vending machines on federal property D. None of the above

C. Enable individuals with blindness to operate vending machines on federal property

Which of the following is not among the many criticisms that have been aimed at Freud's theory of development through the psychosexual stages? A. Few of Freud's developmental processes can be tested using the scientific method. B. Th e psychosexual stages are based on the social norms, structures, and biases of the era in which Freud developed his theory. C. Freud badly misjudged the importance of the first 6 years of life as a critical social developmental period and precursor to later personality. D. Aspects of the theory have been criticized for being sexist.

C. Freud badly misjudged the importance of the first 6 years of life as a critical social developmental period and precursor to later personality.

Th e first career development theory was: A. Super's life-span theory B. Work adjustment theory C. Trait and factor theory D. Social learning theory

C. Trait and factor theory

What career development theory was initially designed for vocational rehabilitation clients in Minnesota? A. Trait and factor theory B. Social cognitive theory C. Work adjustment theory D. Krumboltz's theory E. None of the above

C. Work adjustment theory

Which of these refers to the framework of ideas and beliefs through which an individual interprets the world and interacts with it based on their philosophy, values, emotions, and ethics? A. Culture B. Belief system C. Worldview D. Perceptual understanding

C. Worldview

Ecological models of adaptation A. are associated with 19th-century society and no longer considered relevant B. are based on the idea that the earth and its environment are primarily responsible for individual response to disability C. are based on the idea that personal, social, and environmental resources and demands interact to influence individual adjustment D. suggest that three factors, including the individual's coping style, social support, and acceptance are primarily responsible for individual response to disability on resources in the person's environment

C. are based on the idea that personal, social, and environmental resources and demands interact to influence individual adjustment

Th e baby-boomer generation is defined as Americans who were born A. prior to 1940 B. between 1950 and 1970 C. between 1945 and 1964 D. since 1980

C. between 1945 and 1964

It is projected that in 2018, workers in the 55-64 age group A. will make up the largest number of workers in the U.S. workforce B. will make up the smallest number of workers in the U.S. workforce C. will have experienced the greatest and steadiest percentage increase of any age group D. will outnumber workers aged 25-34

C. will have experienced the greatest and steadiest percentage increase of any age group

Th e DOT covers over ___ jobs in the U.S. economy? A. 800 B. 1,000 C. 5,000 D. 12,000

CRC EXAM BOOK 1 QUESTIONS

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