Criminal Courts study guide

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Duncan vs. Louisiana pertained to ?

Denied trial by jury and supreme court overturned it

exclusionary ryle

Mapp Vs Ohio evidence obtained in violation of privileges guaranteed by U.S

Depositions

a written record of what ones testimony is as indication of its relevance

gag order

all members including jurors must refrain from discussing the case

Initial appearance

arraignment, 1st time you go before a magistrate

why people are opposed to plea bargain

-people dont want to admit to charges they did not do -people are forced -forfeit the right to jury

minimum number of people that can serve on a jury

6

what amendment gives a person the right to a jury trial

6th

How many justices are on the U.S supreme court

9

Strickland vs. Washington dealt with what?

Attorney competence Strickland standards

Batson Vs. Kentucky

Black man convicted by a white jury and the possible black jurors were eliminated

Law

Body of rule of specific conduct, enforced by legitimate authority

first state to create a judicial conduct commission

California

where were victim offender reconciliation projects established

Canada Kitchner Ontario

first juvenile court act was pass in

Illinois 1899

What was operational greylord

Investigation on Judicial misconduct in Illinois

Statutory Law

Legislative prohibited laws

Nominal disposition

Pulling juveniles into the juvenile justice system who wouldn't otherwise be involved in delinquent activity; applies to many status offenders,

Nonpartisan elections

candidate is not affiliated w/ any party. usually to fill vacancy

nolle prosequi

charges dropped against defendant

mediation

civil means of settling a case involving a arbitrator to resolute cases

where was diversion first used

cook country Illinois 1899

Juvenile Exclusive blend

court judge can impose either adult or juvenile incarceration as disposition

Kales plan

creates a list of qualified persons for judgeship

status offense

crime b/c of their age, curfew, smoking, skipping school

Pleas Bargain

deal b/w state & accused. for reduced charges

contributory negligence

doc that holds the defendant

Eight amendment prohibits

excessive bail

what is the court of public opinion

form bias from media/talk shows

U.S District Court

general jurisdiction. most civil and criminal cases are tried and disposed in District courts

Frivolous lawsuit

groundless often dismissed before going to trial

circuit courts

hear appeals from decisions in U.S district court within Fed Court System

Grand Jury

investigative bodes. determine probable cause regarding commission of crime end return formal charges against suspect

Common Law

is prevalent, traditional, or customary in a given jurisdiction

What did Roper v Simmons set fourth

its unconstitutional to enforce capital punishment to anyone under 18 and juveniles can not be executed

pre-sentence investigation report

look at past history, home life, medical history. crime history

Petty offense

minor infraction of crimes punishable by fine or short term incarceration

extralegal factor

nonlegal nature, people do not look at race, gender, economic status

restitution

offender must compensate victims for their financial losses resulting from crime, psychological, physical, or financial

percentage of convictions are obtained through a plea bargain

over 90%

indeterminate sentencing

parole board, or probation officer determines early release

sentencing

process of imposing a punishment on a convicted person following a criminal conviction. penalty phase

custodial dispostion

putting a youth in secure place (detention center)

Probable cuase

reasonable grounds ex smell weed

subject matter jurisdiction

refers to the type cases the court has authority to hear

goals of punishment

retribution, incapacitation, rehabilitation, restoration, deterrence

Sixth Admanenment

right to have defense and counsel

Parense patrie

state can step in as guardian for juveniles

Inculpatory evidence

testimony or other forms of evidence that shows defendant is guilty

Exculpatory evidence

testimony or other forms of evidence that shows defendant is innocent


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