Criminal Justice Exam 1 Ch 1

__________ is the unlawful killing of one human being by another.

Murder

True or False: Community-based corrections have increased in popularity as jails and prisons have been plagued with problems of funding and overcrowding.

True

True or False: Nonviolent crimes committed by business entities or individuals to gain a personal or business advantage are called white-collar crimes.

True

True or False: The federal agency with the primary responsibility of combating white-collar crime, organized crime, and cyber crime is the Federal Bureau of Investigation.

True

True or False: The majority of those inmates released from incarceration are not finished with the correctional system.

True

The majority of employees in law enforcement in our criminal justice system are located at what level? a. local b. state c. federal d. national

a. local

Which level of law enforcement is responsible for the "nuts and bolts" of law enforcement? a. local police b. highway patrol officers c. state police d. federal agents

a. local police

Which of the following facilities would house an offender convicted of a more serious crime with a longer sentence? a. federal penitentiary b. jail c. prison d. halfway house

c. prison

True or False: The smallest and top tier of the "wedding-cake" model of criminal justice focuses on misdemeanors.

False

Professor Herbert Packard compared the idealized criminal justice model to an __________, down which moves an endless stream of cases, never stopping, carrying the cases to workers who stand at fixed stations and who perform on each case as it moves past.

Assembly Line

__________ is the act of physically contacting another person with the intent to do harm.

Battery

__________ is the act of breaking into and entering a structure without permission for the purpose of committing a crime.

Burglary

__________ are the personal rights and protections guaranteed by the Constitution, particularly the Bill of Rights.

Civil Rights

__________ is a police officer's authority to choose between and among alternative courses of actions.

Discretion

True or False: Crime is an act that violates criminal law and is punishable by criminal sanctions.

False

True or False: Federal employees make up the majority of employees in law enforcement in the United States.

False

True or False: The crime control model is a criminal justice model that places primary emphasis on the right of the individual to be protected from the power of the government.

False

True or False: The due process model is a model of criminal justice that places primary emphasis on the right society to be protected from crime and violent criminals.

False

True or False: The prison population in the United States has been decreasing since 1985.

False

Illegal acts carried out by illegal organizations engaged in the market for illegal goods or services are called __________.

Organized Crime

__________ is the act of taking property from another person through force, threat of force, or intimidation.

Robbery

__________ is forced or coerced sexual intercourse.

Sexual assault

Nonviolent crimes committed by business entities or individuals to gain a personal or business advantage are called __________.

White-collar crime

Which of the following gave the government in the United States certain powers, such as the right to coin money, create an army, and regulate interstate commerce? a. Constitution b. Bill of Rights c. First Amendment d. Fourteenth Amendment

a. Constitution

Rising crime rates in the 1970s and 1980s led to: a. a get tough on crime attitude b. a decrease in prison admissions c. a decrease in arrests d. the creation of a Department of Homeland Security

a. a get tough on crime attitude

Public order crime is defined as: a. behavior that has been labeled criminal because it is contrary to shared values, customs and norms b. illegal acts carried out by illegal organizations engaged in the market for illegal goods or services c. nonviolent crimes committed by business entities or individuals to gain a personal or business advantage d. the interlocking network of law enforcement agencies, courts, and corrections institutions designed to enforce criminal laws

a. behavior that has been labeled criminal because it is contrary to shared values, customs and norms

The authority to choose between and among alternative courses of action is called: a. discretion b. authority c. deviance d. federalism

a. discretion

The due process model, which rests on the belief that it is more desirable for society that ninety-nine guilty suspects go free than that a single innocent person be condemned, is likened to which of the following? a. obstacle course b. battery c. assembly line d. blender

a. obstacle course

Using force or violence to achieve political objectives is called __________. a. terrorism b. first-degree murder c. organized crime d. larceny

a. terrorism

Robbery is defined as: a. the act of taking property from another person through force, threat of force, or intimidation b. the act of physically contacting another person with the intent to do harm, even if the resulting injury is insubstantial c. the unlawful killing of one human being by another d. the act of taking property from another person without the use of force with the intent of keeping that property

a. the act of taking property from another person through force, threat of force, or intimidation

In the 1970s and 1980s which model of criminal justice prevailed? a. due process b. crime control c. war on poverty d. wedding-cake model

b. crime control

What kind of court system does the United States have? a. single court system b. dual court system c. constitutional court d. judicial system

b. dual court system

What model of criminal justice places primacy on the right of the individual to be protected from the power of the government? a. crime control model b. due process model c. wedding-cake model d. conflict model

b. due process model

Organized crime is defined as: a. behavior that has been labeled criminal because it is contrary to shared values, customs and norms b. illegal acts carried out by illegal organizations engaged in the market for illegal goods or services c. nonviolent crimes committed by business entities or individuals to gain a personal or business advantage d. the interlocking network of law enforcement agencies, courts, and corrections institutions designed to enforce criminal laws

b. illegal acts carried out by illegal organizations engaged in the market for illegal goods or services

Which of the following is the most common correctional treatment that also allows the offender to return to the community and still remain under supervision? a. jail b. probation c. prison d. work ethic camp

b. probation

What model of criminal justice explains how different cases receive different treatment according to their priority in the criminal justice system? a. crime control model b. wedding-cake model c. due process model d. correctional model

b. wedding-cake model

Police officers DO NOT do which of the following? a. enforce laws b. investigate specific crimes c. dismiss charges d. arrest or detain people

c. dismiss charges

__________ means that government powers are shared by the national government and states. a. democracy b. constitutionalism c. federalism d. localism

c. federalism

White-collar crime is defined as: a. behavior that has been labeled criminal because it is contrary to shared values, customs and norms b. illegal acts carried out by illegal organizations engaged in the market for illegal goods or services c. nonviolent crimes committed by business entities or individuals to gain a personal or business advantage d. the interlocking network of law enforcement agencies, courts, and corrections institutions designed to enforce criminal laws

c. nonviolent crimes committed by business entities or individuals to gain a personal or business advantage

__________ law enforcement officials have national jurisdiction over crime in the United States. a. Local b. County c. State d. Federal

d. Federal

What layer of the "wedding-cake" model focuses on misdemeanors? a. top Layer b. second Layer c. third Layer d. bottom Layer

d. bottom Layer

Which of the following assumes that a diverse group of people can have similar morals; that is, they share an ideal of what is "right" and "wrong." a. crime control model b. due process model c. conflict model d. consensus model

d. consensus model

Which of the following is one of the main reasons the use of community-based corrections has increased? a. the increase in offenders on parole b. decreasing numbers of offenders in prisons c. large increases in funding for community-based correction d. overcrowding in correctional facilities

d. overcrowding in correctional facilities

The crime control model assumes which of the following? a. that the criminal justice system strives to make it more difficult to prove guilt b. that it is more desirable for society that ninety-nine guilty suspects go free than that a single innocent person be condemned c. that absolute efficiency can be realized only if the power of the state is absolute d. that police are in a better position than the courts to determine the guilt of an arrested suspect

d. that police are in a better position than the courts to determine the guilt of an arrested suspect

Which of the following is NOT one of the purposes of the criminal justice system? a. to control crime b. to prevent crime c. to provide and maintain justice d. to create laws regarding punishments for crime

d. to create laws regarding punishments for crime