CRJS 426w Exam one
What is a hot spot
Area where crime is hot
Who is considered the father of classical criminology
Beccaria
What is deviance
Behaviors that go against the norm. Crime is deviance, deviance not always crime
What is atavism
Belief certain characteristics and behaviors of a person are throwback of earlier stage of evolutionary development
What is the assumption of human nature
Born good or born bad
What are the four basic criminological paradigms
Classical school, positivism, conflict/critical, integrated
What is a theory
Concept linked by series of proposition in an organized way to explain phenomenon
What is the dark figure of crime
Crime that is not reported
What are the two types of offenders defined by Lombroso
Criminoloids and born criminals
What is phenology
Determine disposition based on bumps on head
What is the scientific method
Determine most objective results and conclusions regarding empirical observations
What is conflict theories
Different groups disagree
What is a paradigm
Distinctive theoretical model/ perspective
What is a consensual theory
Everyone agrees
What is Mala prohibita
Evil because against the law
What is Mala in se
Evil in itself
What is rational choice
Expected benefits against consequences
What agency collects the data for the UCR
FBI
Why is Lombroso considered the father of positive criminology
First to use scientific method in criminology
What are the three elements of a good theory
Parsimony, scope, logical consistency
What is the social contract
People invest in the laws there society and they do so because they want to guarantee that they are going to be protected from rule violators
What is micro
Personal level of analysis
Who supplies that data for the UCR
Police department
What are the two major categories of index crime
Property and violence
What is the main focus of the classical theories
Rational choice and free will
What are the two basic theories that emerged from the classical school
Rational choice and routine activity
What theory is attributed to the father of classical criminology
Rational choice theory
Who developed soma typing
Sheldon
What is craniology
Size of skull determine inferior or superior
What is criminology?
Study of crime and reasons why people engage in criminal behavior
What are the three significant characteristics of punishment that would influence the decision to commit crime
Swiftness, certainty, severity
Who developed the social contract
Thomas Hobbes
What is the oldest form of crime measurement
UCR
What is macro
Group level analysis
What is determinism
Human behavior is caused by factors outside of free will and rational decision making
What is somatyping
Indomorph, mesomorph, and ectomorph
What is routine activity
Lifestyle can make us offender or victim
Which one of the somatypes are most likely to be criminal
Mesomorph- more aggressive and risk takers
What are the main components of routine activities theory
Motivated offender, suitable target, lack of capable guardian