Crude oil

The mixture is heated in a flask. Ethanol has a lower boiling point than water so it evaporates first. The ethanol vapour is then cooled and condensed inside the condenser to form a pure liquid. The thermometer shows the boiling point of the pure ethanol liquid. When all the ethanol has evaporated from the solution, the temperature rises and the water evaporates. This is the sequence of events in distillation: heating → evaporating → cooling → condensing

How to do distillation

Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons. These are separated into useful products, such as fuels, using a process called fractional distillation. The demand for short hydrocarbon molecules is greater than their supply in crude oil, so a reaction called cracking is used. Cracking converts long alkane molecules into shorter alkanes and alkenes, which are more useful. The exploitation of oil can damage the environment - for example, through oil spills. Crude oil

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Fuels made from oil mixtures containing large hydrocarbon molecules are not efficient. They do not flow easily, and are difficult to ignite. Crude oil often contains too many large hydrocarbon molecules, and not enough small hydrocarbon molecules, to meet demand. This is where cracking comes in.

Cracking- what?

Cracking allows large hydrocarbon molecules to be broken down into smaller alkane and alkene molecules: smaller hydrocarbons are more useful as fuels alkenes are useful, because they are used to make polymers Fractions containing large hydrocarbon molecules are vaporised and passed over a hot catalyst. This breaks chemical bonds in the molecules, and forms smaller hydrocarbon molecules.

Cracking.....

Fossil fuels Crude oil, coal and gas are fossil fuels. They were formed over millions of years, from the remains of dead organisms: crude oil and gas were formed from dead sea creatures coal was formed from dead plants

Crude oil- fossil fuels

Distillation is a process that can be used to separate a pure liquid from a mixture of liquids. It works when the liquids have different boiling points. Distillation is commonly used to separate ethanol - the alcohol in alcoholic drinks - from water. Distillation process to separate ethanol from water

Distillation