CSFA EXAM
Which of the following statements is true concerning a hypophysectomy? 1. Replacement of adrenal steroid therapy is usually required 2. Diabetes may result 3. Growth will be increased 4. Cessation of menses and infertility may result
1 , 2, and 4 only
Surgeon's knot
Consists of two half-hitches in the same direction followed by the third half-hitch made in the opposite direction of the first two
Coumadin (warfarin)
Inhibits utilization of Vitamin K
A test in which iodine is applied to the cervix: normal cells will show the color; abnormal cells will not
Schiller's test
Lateral Flank muscles
Transverse abdominis, internal oblique, external oblique
Blood is supplied to the liver by the portal system and the hepatic artery. The junction of the superior mesenteric and splenic veins for the portal vein
True
The external carotid first branch is the superior thyroid artery
True
A process which the surgeon takes down the lateral perutoneal attachments of the duodenum to observe the pancreas, duodenum, and retroperitoneal structures a. kocher b. klatskin c. lichtenstein d. littre's
a. kocher
The knot preferred in surgery is a square knot....
also called a reef knot
Spinal anesthesia: the local anesthetic is injected into the
subarachnoid space
A hickman catheter is a very specialized central line placed directly into the right subclavian vein
true
1 or 2 percent lidocaine has a duration of
1.5 - 2 hours
PT (prothrombin time)
11-12.5 seconds
Sodium (Na) Serum Electrolyte Levels
135-145 mEq/L
The normal sodium range for an adult
136-145 mEq/L
The normal potassium range for an adult
3.5 - 5.0 mEq/L
Tetrology of Fallot includes which of the following defects? a. ventricular septal defect b. aortic stenosis c. pulmonary valve stenosis d. right ventricular hypertrophy
A , C, D Ventricular septal defect (VSD), pulmonary valve stenosis, and right ventricular hypertrophy
An active collagen available in powder form. It is applied directly to a bleeding surface, followed by placing firm pressure using a dry sponge
Avitene
The normal hemoglobin range for a male and female adult
Male: 14- 18 g/dL Female: 12- 16 g/dL
The normal hemoglobin range in an adult male and female
Male: 14-18 g/dL Female: 12-16 g/dL
Ethilon (nylon)
Non absorbable, monofilament, synthetic, black/undyed 20%-25% of tensile strength remaining at 1 year loses tensile strength over time
Blood supply to the perineal structures comes from the pudenal artery, a branch of the internal iliac artery
True
Local anesthetics are dived into amide and ester classes. Amide includes the commonly used lidocaine and bupivicaine (marcaine)
True
Red blood cells have and iron protein called hemoglobin that carries oxygen and gives blood its color. These cells are produced by bone marrow and circulate for about 120 days and are eventually removed by the spleen
True
The fourth ventricle connects with the subarachnoid space by two lateral foramina of Luschka (into there cisterns lateralis) and foramina of Magendie (into the ciserna magna) - CSF flows around the cerebrum, cerebellum, and down the spiral subarachnoid space
True
The right bronchus is straighter and wider than the left, and foreign bodies tend to lodge in the right bronchus.
True
Infections due to streptococci or clostridia may become severe with in ______ hours a. 24 b. 72 c. 12 d. 48
a. 24
Most wound infections do not become evident clinically for _____ days or longer after operation a. 5 b. 7 c. 3 d. 10
a. 5
Fracture of distal radius with dorsal carpal displacement a. Colles' fracture b. Smith's fracture c. Monteggia's fracture d. Galeazzi fracture
a. Colles' fracture
___________ is a condition characterized by swelling in the tendon sheath surrounding the tendons of the abductor pollicis longs (APL) and extensor pollicis breves (EPB) a. De Quervain syndrome b. Depuytren's contracture c. carpal tunnel syndrome d. trigger finger
a. De Quervain's syndrome
The lesser tuberosity is the attachment for the a. Subscapularis tendon b. supraspinatus tendon c. infraspinatus tendon d.teres minor tendon
a. Subscapularis tendon
The duct of ___________ is the main pancreatic duct a. Wirsung b. Santorini c. Ucinate
a. Wirsung
Which of the following is the BEST indication for endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair? (EVAAAR) a. a proximal infrarenal neck remnant of 1-2 cm b. appropriate jugular vein access c. an aneurysm with aortic and bilateral common iliac vessel movement d. a patient who is unable to tolerate general anesthesia
a. a proximal infrarenal neck remnant of 1-2 cm
During coagulation, thrombin unites with fibrinogen, a blood protein, to form a. fibrin b. ADP c. thromboplastin d. prothrombin
a. fibrin Thrombin + fibrinogen = fibrin
Both the gallbladder neck and cystic duct contain mucosal folds called the valves of a. Heister b. Luschka c. Oddi d. Vater
a. heister
This solution is a combination intravenous fluid containing fixed amounts of dextrose, sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride, and lactate. a. lactated Ringers b. dextrose c. crystalloid d. normal saline
a. lactated Ringer's
When opening the aneurysmal sac during resection of an abdominal aortic aneurysm, which of the following arteries is ligated? a. lumbar b. supine mesenteric c. renal d. common hepatic
a. lumbar
The elbow articulation consists of three bones: the humerus, radius, and ulna. Elbow x-rays consist of two veins (AP & lateral). On the AP: laterally the humeral capitulum articulates with the a. radial head b. ulna c. femoral
a. radial head
Which of the following arteries may be detached and reanastomosed to the graft during an abdominal aortic aneurysm resection? a. renal b. inferior mesenteric c. celiac d. left gastric
a. renal
The extraperiotneal space located between the bladder and pubic symphysis a. retizius b. wilms c. nephron d. hypospadias
a. retzius
During First intention healing, the wound heals ______ across the incision line a. side to side b. end to end c. bottom to top d. top to bottom
a. side to side
This particular opportunistic pathogen is responsible for about 90% of all cases of pharyngitis a. streptococcus pyogenes b. pseudomonas c. S. epidermis d. staphylococcus arureus
a. streptococcus pyogenes
Cardiogenic shock can arise from an arrhythmia, ischemia-induced myocardial failure, valvular or septal defects, systemic or pulmonary hypertension, myocarditis, or cardiomyopathies. The diagnosis is usually made on the basis of a known history of cardiovascular disease in junction with an abnormal ECG in a patient in shock with distended neck veins. a. true b. false
a. true
The primary portal for shoulder arthroscopy is the posterior portal located between the infraspinatus and trees minor muscle (soft spot). It provides a viewing plane for the majority of the joint and aids in the placement of additional portals. Nerves at risk during placement of the posterior portal are the axillary and Subscapularis. a. true b. false
a. true
The signs of hypovolemic shock are postural hypotension, cutaneous vasoconstriction, sweat gland stimulation collapse of the neck veins, concentration of urine, oliguria, and decreasing hematocrit with administration of fluids. a. true b. false
a. true
The T wave is indicated of a. ventricular repolarization b. ventricular depolarization c. atrial depolarization
a. ventricular repolarization
Whole blood consists primarily of plasma (the liquid portion of blood), which is 90% water. Plasma has several functions, including helping maintain blood volume and pressure, supplying proteins for immunity and clotting, and providing a medium for the exchange of minerals required for cell function. Suspended within the plasma are:
alubumin Clotting proteins fibrinogen globulins platelets RBC's WBC's
Cryoprecipitate
an insoluble concentrate of certain coagulation factors obtained from fresh frozen plasma administered to patients with bleeding due to fibrinogen deficiency
Whereas a typical wound infection is first seen with low-grade fever, wound erythema, and tenderness 72 hours or later after surgery, the multi,icrobial soft-tissue infection (necrotizing fasciitis) manifests itself within _____ postoperative hours with a high temperature (103°F), confusion, agitation, and a watery foul-smelling discharge from a discolored, often necrotic wound. Blebs and crepitus could be present if anaerobic bacteria are involved. Typically, a Gram stain of the fluid exhibits a Gram-positive or polymicrobial involvment. a. 72 hours b. 48 hours c. 94 hours d. 24 hours
b. 48 hours
This syndrome is caused by the overproduction of cortisol and hydrocortisone a. Eisenmenger's b. Cushing's c. Marfan
b. Cushing
A technique used in GI surgeries. It can ve applied as either an interrupted or continuous suture that repairs the collagenous submucosal layer without disturbing the lumen a. Connell b. Lembert
b. Lembert
Technique used in pericardiocentesis procedures where a catheter is placed directly into the pericardial cavity and effusion is drained; more than 50mL of fluid withdrawn indicates perdicardial effusion a. Sibson's b. Seldinger's c. Pericardiocentesis d. Batista
b. Seldinger's
Clostridium are gram-positive, spore-forming rods that are a. aerobic b. anaerobic
b. anaerobic
_________ shoulder dislocation is often caused by a fall on an outstretched hand, causing abduction, extension and external rotation of the shoulder, or a significant posterior force on the shoulder. It accounts for 95-97% of all shoulder dislocations. a. posterior b. anterior c. inferior d. superior
b. anterior
Which of the following lasers is used in retinal surgery? a. excimer b. argon c. Nd: YAG d. carbon dioxide
b. argon
Surgical patient fluid and electrolyte abnormalities; the type of fluid replaces will depend in most cases on the serum electrolyte profile. If electrolytes are relatively normal in the face of obvious volume depletion, losses can be assumed to be isosmotic with plasma and should be replaced with a a. isotonic saline b.balanced salt solution, such as Ringer's lactate c. 5% dextrose in water d. hypertonic saline
b. balanced salt solution, such as Ringer's lactate
In patients who develop fever, abdominal pain, and profuse diarrhea, the most frequently seen antibiotic-associated enterocolitis is due to which of the following organisms? a. pseudomonas aeruginosa b. clostridium difficile c. enterobacter cloacae d. enterococcus faecalis
b. clostridium difficile
An adult male is injured in an automobile accident at 2am, an exploratory laparotomy for possible perforated bowel is initiated at 5 am, which of the following is the BEST wound classification in this scenario a. dirty or infected b. contaminated c. clean d. clean-contaminated
b. contaminated
A wound that is known to be infected at the time of surgery and is left open to be closed at a later date is categorized as a. granulation b. delayed primary closure c. second intention d. first intention
b. delayed primary closure
The lateral ventricles are located within the cerebral hemispheres. The lateral ventricles connect with the third ventricle through this structure a. Fissure of Sylvius b.Foramen of Monro c. Aqueduct of Sylvius d. Foramina of megendie
b. foramen of monro
The distal portion of the Javid shunt used during carotid endarterectomies is inserted into which of the following arteries? a. external carotid b. internal carotid c. common carotid d. middle cerebral
b. internal carotid proximal is inserted into common carotid artery
The _____ is the largest, thickest, and most powerful chamber of the heart. a. right ventricle b. left ventricle. c. right atrium d. left atrium
b. left ventricle
Which of the following structures is innervated by a branch/branches of the cervical plexus? a. trapezius b. omohyoid muscle c. coracobrachialis muscle d. pectoralis minor muscle
b. omohyoid muscle
The drainage system associated with increased infection rate in clean wounds a. pleuravac b. penrose c. Jackson-pratt
b. penrose
__________ are used in cases where bleeding is due to thrombocytopenia or platelet-function abnormalities. For adults pooled platelets or single-donor aphaeresis platelets are usually ordered. a. fibrinogen b. platelets c. albumin
b. platelets
The infection of lidocaine into the common carotid body prior to performing there arrteriotomy is done to prevent. a. sinus tachycardia b. sinus bradycardia
b. prevent sinus bradycardia
An excessive formation of mass of granulation tissue a. purulent b. proud flesh c. cicatrix d. keloid
b. proud flesh
The following symptoms would represent a _____________ burn classification: Can be red or white in appearance, but will appear dry, involves destruction of the entire epidermis and most of the dermis, sensation may be present, but diminished, blanching is sluggish or absent. a. first degree b. second degree c. third degree d. fourth degree
b. second degree
During a coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), the internal mammary artery (IMA) is also commonly used as a graft due to its durability. The internal mammary artery, also referred to as the internal thoracic artery, is located in the inside of the chest cavity running along both sides of the sternum and arises from the ________________ artery. a. left common carotid b. subclavian c.brachiocephalic d. left pulmonary
b. subclavian
The cecum, ascending colon, hepatic flexure, and proximal portion of the transverse colon blood supply is from the __________ artery a. inferior mesenteric b. superior mesenteric c. left colic d. iliac
b. superior mesentery artery
prostate-specific antigen (PSA)
blood test that measures the level of prostate-specific antigen in the blood 0.0-2.5 ng/mL
Branches of the aortic arch
brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, left subclavian artery
If the tension on the wound is extreme (as in the case of tendon or abdominal fascia), the wounds must be protected from stress for about 6 weeks, at which time wound strength is ________ of normal a. 3% b. 10% c. 35%-50% d. 10%-35%
c. 35%-50%
_________________ involves transferring the coracoid process, along with the short head of the biceps and coracobrachialis, through the Subscapularis and attaching it to the scapular neck with a screw. This procedure is for severe recurrent dislocations. a. Bankart b. Magnuson-Stack c. Bristow d. Putti-Platt
c. Bristow
during a carotid endarterectomy which two cranial nerves course through the operative field and must be preserved? a. X and XII b. IX and VII c. VII and X d. IV and VII
c. VII and X
The _____________ and the ___________ arteries interconnect at the Circle of Willis located at the base of the brain a. posterior cerebral arteries, anterior communicating artery b. external and internal carotid artery c. vertebral artery and internal carotid d. basilar and vertebral
c. Vertebral and internal carotid
A weak area in the muscular structure of the esophagus is Killian's triangle, which is between the oblique muscle fibers of the inferior constrictor muscles and the transverse fibers of the crocopharyngeus muscles. This area is the most common site for a. esophageal hiatal hernia b. Heller procedure c. Zenkers diverticulum d. nissen fundoplication
c. Zenker's diverticulum
The greater saphenous vein may be located distally at which of the following locations? a. anterior to the lateral malleolus b. posterior to the lateral malleolus c. anterior to the medial malleolus d. posterior to the medial malleolus
c. anterior to the medial malleolus
P waves display a. ventricular depolarization b. ventricular repolarization c. atrial depolarization
c. atrial depolarization
The uterus is connected to the lateral walls of the true pelvis by a double layer of peritoneum referred to as the a. uterosacral b. cardinal c. broad d. round
c. broad ligament
In an ankle injury, the widening of the medial portion of the mortise joint due to a rupture of at least a part of the ____________ ligament a. long plantar b. medial talocalcaneal c. deltoid d. navicular
c. deltoid
A depression left by the foramen oval, which is an embryonic interartrial opening that closes after birth a. crista terminalis b. sulcus terminalis c. fossa ovalis d. coronary sinus
c. fossa ovalis
Which of the following is an example of a high-level disinfecting agent? a. iodophor solution b. isopropyl alcohol c. glutaraldehyde d. quaternary ammonium
c. glutaraldehyde
Which of the following is commonly used for inhalation induction a. entlurane b. desflurane c. halothane d. isoflurane
c. halothane
A hernia that occurs lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels; it is congenital or acquired and goes through the deep ring and often into the scrotum. a. incarcerated b. epigastric c. indirect hernia d. direct hernia
c. indirect hernia
The left adrenal vein drains into the left renal vein. The right adrenal vein drains directly into the __________ a. right renal vein b. left renal vein c. inferior vena cava d. superior vena cava
c. inferior vena cava
A hypertrophic abnormal raised, thicken scar that extends beyond the normal borders/margins of the normal scar due to excessive dense collagen formation. a. hypertrophic scar b. cicatrix c. keloid d. eschar
c. keloid
Which of the following muscles may be retracted during a thyroidectomy? a. deltoid b. gastrocnemius c. sternocleidomastoid d. temporalis
c. sternocleidomastoid
________ begins with the physical stimulus to an electrical signal by free nerves endings in the tissues "damaged tissue releases chemical substances locally that stimulate these nerves endings" a. conduction b. nociception c. transduction d. synaptic transmission
c. transduction
Carotid Sheath
common carotid artery (medially) , internal jugular vein (laterally), vagus nerve (between the artery and vein posteriorly)
Square Knot
composed of two half-hitches, made in the opposite direction of each other
Hypercalcemia is defined as ionized calcium concentrate that exceeds a. 5.5 mEq/L b. 3.5 mEq/L c. 140 mEq/L d. 150 mEq/L
d. 150 mEq/L
Which of the following lasers are used in GYN surgery? a. ruby and CO2 b. Nd: YAG and argon c. argon and ruby d. CO2 and Nd: YAG
d. CO2 and Nd:YAG
The _______ is the most commonly fractured of all the carpals. a. Lunate b. Trapezium c. Hamate d. Scaphoid
d. Scaphoid
Term used to determine how much blood the heart is pumping per beat a. afterload b. preload c. stoke volume d. ejection fraction
d. ejection fraction
Cryoprecipitate is a product derived from plasma that has been frozen and the thawed. It is rich in clotting factors such as factor VIII and fibrinogen. Cryoprecipitate is administered to patients with bleeding due to _____________ deficiencies a. plasma b. albumin c. platelet d. fibrinogen
d. fibrinogen
This hemostatic agent is made from the raw material collagen (processed bovine tendon) and promotes platelet aggregation. This agent and the instruments and gloves used to apply it must be dry because it adheres extremely well to anything moist. a. avitene b. surgical c. gelfoam d. helistat
d. helistat
All of the following are opioids except a. demerol b.fentanyl c. alfenta d. ketamine
d. ketamine
Celiac artery comes off the front of the aorta and further divides into the a. inferior mesenteric artery b. superior mesenteric artery c. left gastric, hepatic d. left gastric, hepatic, and splenic arteries
d. left gastric, hepatic, and splenic arteries
The transmission of the pain stimulus from the periphery to the brain a. conduction b. transduction c. nociception s. synaptic transmission
d. nociception
The short gastric arteries are direct branches of which of the following: a. left gastric artery b. right left gastric artery c. right gastroepiploic artery d. splenic artery
d. splenic artery
The greater curvature of the stomach's arterial blood supply is from all of the following except a. left artery b. short gastric arteries (branches of the splenic artery) c. right gastroepiploic artery (branch of the gastroduodenal artery) d. superior mesenteric artery
d. superior mesenteric artery
_________ is the area within the brain that coordinates emotional response to a particular sensory impulse. a. hypothalamus b. cerebrum c. cerebellum d. thalamus
d. thalamus
The surgeon asks you to first gently supinate, then gently pronate the operative wrist of a 14 year-old patient in supine position. The operative extremity is positioned at 80 degrees to the torso. Which of the following most accurately describes the movement of the operative thumb? a. thumb lateral, then back to medial b. thumb medial, then back to lateral c. thumb superior, then back inferior d. thumb inferior, then back superior
d. thumb inferior, the back superior
A congenital complex malformation in which only one artery arises from the heart to form the aorta and pulmonary artery a. Ebstein's anomaly b. tetralogy of Fallot c. patent ductus arteriosus d. truncus arteriosus
d. trunks arteriosus
The recurrent laryngeal nerve is a branch of the a. phrenic b. facial c. brachial d. vagus
d. vagus
Located with the left lobe are the caudate lobe and majority of the quadrate lobe. The left lobe is anatomically divided from the caudate and quadrate by the fissures of the round ligament and ligamentum venosum. The round ligament is the remnant of the umbilical vein. The ligament venosum is the remnant of the
fetal ductus venosum
branches of superior mesenteric artery
inferior pancreaticoduodenal, middle colic, R colic, ileocolic
Foot Drop results from?
insufficiency of the extensor muscles in the foot and may be caused by lumbar disc herniation or compression of the perineal nerve as it courses superficial to the fibular head
parathyroid hormone
is an antagonist to calcitonin, They both work together to maintain calcium stasis
The normal RBC range for a male and female adult
male: 4.7 - 6.1 female: 4.2 - 5.4
Polyglycolic acid (Dexon)
mutifilament absorbable uses: tissue that requires long term tensile strength but absorbable suture desired for the stomach and vascular procedures. loses around 45% of tensile strength by 2 weeks; majority absorbed by the body by one month
The internal carotid artery divides into the:
ophthalmic artery, anterior cerebral artery, and middle cerebral artery
Hesselbach's triangle borders
rectus abdominus, inguinal ligament, inferior epigastric vessels direct hernia through triangle
hyperalkemia
serum potasium > 5.0 mEq/ Skeletal muscles weak or paralyzed ventricular fibrillation or cardiac standstill cardiac depolarization is impaired repolarization occurs more quickly abdominal cramping or diarrhea
Keloid is a raised dense accumulation of fibrous tissue from traumatic wounds or surgical scars
true
Squamous cell carcinoma originates middle of the epidermis and usually develops on sun-exposed skin
true
The brain is supplied by four major arteries. The internal carotid and vertebral arteries
true
The eyelid contains sebaceous (meibomian) glands which produce an oily secretion that lubricates the eyelid and the eye, These glands can become blocked and swollen creating a cyst called a chalazion
true
The hypoglossal nerve runs lateral to the carotid arteries
true
The hypothalamus produces two hormones - oxytocin and vasopressin- that are stored and released by the posterior pituitary gland
true
The pituitary gland is actually two distinct structures packaged together into one anatomical region. The anterior half of the pituitary gland, the adenohypophysis, is made of glandular epithelium and produces seven hormones: Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) Luteinizing hormone(LH) Melanocyte-stimulated hormone (MSH) Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) Prolactin (PRL) Human growth hormone (hGH)
true
The right lymphatic duct empties into the left subclavian vein, and the thoracic duct empties into the inferior vena cava
true
The structures of the spermatic cord include the vas deferent, sympathetic nerves, testicular artery, testicular veins, testicular lymph vessels, cremaster artery, the remains of the processus vaginalis, and the genital branch of the femoral nerve
true
The vagus nerves sends sympathetic fibers to the heart and stomach
true
the ophthalmic maxillary and mandibular nerve arises from the trigeminal ganglion
true
The left ovarian vein drains into the left renal vein and the right ovarian vein drains into the inferior vena cava
true just as the right adrenal glad vein drains into the IVC
the eye is the only organ in the body in which both voluntary and involuntary muscles are found
true dat
Epidural hemorrhage
usually caused by injury to the middle meningeal artery
Structures located in the broad ligament
uterine tube, ovarian artery, round ligament, uterine artery, ovary, ovarian ligament
Hemoglobin (Hgb)
• Females 12-16 g/dL • Males 14-18 g/dL