CSTM 254 Final

Firms are required to file the OSHA Form 300 and Form 300A if they employ _____________ at any one time in the previous calendar year.

11 people

OSHA was passed in ____________

1970

Look in Division _____ to find info about Facility Storm Drainage

33

There are ______ organizational sections to the contractors pre-job planning and organization that firms use to expedite the process

5

According to OSHA regulation, following a death resulting from a work-related incident, the company must fill out a report within ___________

8 hours

According to the text subcontractors are usually paid _______________ after the work is performed

90 days

Variance to Date

= (% Complete X Labor Budget) - Labor Cost to Date

Labor Cost to Date

= Hours to Date X Labor Cost per Hour

Labor Cost per Hour

= Labor Budget / Hours to Date

% Complete

= Quantity to Date / Estimated Quantity

Project Variance at Completion

= Variance to Date / % Complete

Construction Change Directive

A Construction Change Directive (CCD) can be used by the architect to keep work going and initiate a change order. The CCD is defined as a written notice directing a change in the work.

What is a Claim?

A claim is an unresolved change request. A claim, as defined by AIA Document A201, Section 4.3— Claims and Disputes, is a "demand or assertion by one of the parties seeking, as a matter of right, adjustment or interpretation of Contract terms, payment of money, extension of time, or other relief with respect to the terms of the Contract."

Liquidated Damage

A liquidated damage is an amount stipulated in the contract document that states that the owner receives compensation for impacted costs of late completion of a project. Liquidated damages are usually stated in a monetary amount per day, such as $1,000. Liquidated damages are not considered a penalty to the contractor for late completion of the project but rather compensation to the owner for impacted costs of not being able to use the facility when expected and contracted.

Mobilization Costs

A number of costs are incurred by the contractor at the very start of a project. Some relate to temporary facilities, including transportation and setup of office and storage facilities for the contractor and subcontractors; temporary security fencing; installation of temporary utilities, such as power, water, and telephone; and access routes for the jobsite. Some of these initial costs include immediate payments required for performance and payment bonds, builder's risk insurance, and building permits.

Payment Processing

After the contractor completes the application for payment, the architect and engineer review the application and certify the payment request if correct. This period is usually 30 days but can vary.

Which of the following is not a benefit of having good working relationships with subcontractors?

Allows for bid shopping

Affidavits of Payment

An "affidavit of payment" certifies that payment of all debts and claims relating to the project has been made, with the noted specific exceptions, which usually is only retainage.

Consent of Surety

An accompanying document to the affidavit of payment and lien releases is the "Consent of Surety," when bonding is used on the project. Consent of Surety is executed by the bonding company, indicating approval of the contractor's receiving final payment for the project.

What delivery method has the most adversarial relationship between architect and contractor?

Design-Bid-Build

In which project delivery method is the contractor responsible for the drawings and specifications?

Design-Build

The most common response to raise productivity is to ___________________

Encourage crews to work faster

T/F A "standard of conduct" is the employee guidelines or requirements that ensure that employees on the jobsite are properly dressed, and are equipped with proper safety equipment to safely perform their scope of work.

False

T/F A work breakdown structure is primarily used for document control between all parties involved in construction

False

T/F All injuries or illnesses on the jobsite must be recorded on the OSHA form 300

False

T/F Float allows some flexibility with critical items, with respect to duration and in actual start time of the item

False

T/F Letter of transmittal is conclusive proof that an item was sent and received

False

T/F Material should be stored near the edge of the jobsite to ensure it doesn't get in the way of labor and equipment.

False

T/F Punch lists are a part of project start-up in the construction process.

False

T/F Purchasing is the activity of procuring labor, material, or equipment for the construction process

False

T/F Samples may be provided in the form of a digital file

False

T/F The Davis-Bacon Act is applied to all construction projects

False

T/F The construction documents (project manual and drawings) provide the contractor with specific means and methods needed to complete the project construction process.

False

T/F The practice of bid shopping tends to increase subcontract bids to cost or above cost, resulting in jobsite problems

False

T/F While subcontracts are covered by uniform commercial code, material contracts (PO's) are covered by contractual law

False

T/F Duration is expressed in work days

False, calendar days

Retainage Bond

For items that need to be completed or issues that need to be resolved, the contractor can post a retainage bond for the amount of retainage or amount being held. The retainage bond is issued by a surety company for the remaining value, allowing the contractor to be paid the retainage. The retainage bond assures the owner that the remainder of contract requirements will be completed.

What are the 4 tiers that labor consists of?

Foreman, Lead Craftsperson, Journeyman Craftspeople, and Apprentice.

Front-Loading

Front-loading is the allocation of overhead to items that will be completed early in the project.

What party is responsible to make sure the submittals meet the requirements set forth in the contract documents?

General Contractor

Most subcontractors have ____________ indirect overhead costs than general contractors

Higher

Which is not one of the six broad steps which are a part of the total quality management process?

Identify Inefficient Work Processes

The relationship between an architect and contractor in the traditional Design-Bid-Build project delivery method, is known as ______________ and _______________

Indirect Relationship & Agency Relationship

Lien Release

Lien releases may be requested from the contractor and all subcontractors. The lien release indicates that the potential lien holder has received payment for the work, with the exceptions noted, usually retainage.

Which of the following is the most common method of compensating the contractor for work completed

Lump Sum

Progress Payments

Most common method of payment. Usually made monthly. They are partial payments for work completed during a portion, usually a month, of the construction period. By agreement, this payment frequency can be modified.

O & M Manuals

Most contract documents require that the contractor furnish O & M Manuals for all equipment on the project. The O & M Manuals include manufacturer's instructions about the equipment, including diagrams and parts lists. The O & M Manuals should be organized as they relate to project specifications.

Warrenties

Most contracts require a one-year warranty on all installations in the project. Some items may require two- or five-year warranties. The applicable information is found in the technical specification in each section. Warranties are provided during the closeout period.

Record Drawings

Most contracts require the contractor to prepare record drawings or "as-built" drawings during the project. This process entails recording actual dimensions, location of utilities, and any changes in drawings. These changes and dimensions usually are written on clean sets of drawings during the entire project.

General Conditions Costs

Normally relate to direct (jobsite) overhead. The following items could be included in the general conditions value: cost of supervisory personnel, such as superintendent and field engineers, which would not be included in the work activities; monthly costs for temporary facilities; cleaning costs, both in progress and final; jobsite trucks and equipment; and miscellaneous direct overhead. These costs would be paid in monthly progress payments, as the costs would be incurred.

Foreman and lead craftspeople receive a premium of ___________________ above the craftperson

One or Two Dollars

Project Closeout

Project closeout consists of the activities that complete the project requirements.

Turnkey

Project is completed and delivered and full payment is made.

When should the comparison of actual and estimated cost be done?

Providing data to field management personnel immediately

Archiving Records

Records of the project must be stored as a reference. This reference is used for dispute resolution, public agency audits, management reference, and financial (tax) accounting. Most of the records should be stored for at least the specified period of the statute of limitations in the state in which the project is located. Some companies store records for 10 years before destroying them.

What is the riskiest way to adjust a schedule?

Reevaluating the duration of successor activities

What are the elements of a Correspondence?

Reference, Description and Location, Objective, Summary, Signature

Retainage

Retainage is an amount held by the owner until the final completion of the contract. It can be held for a number of reasons, depending on the owner and the owner's contracting rules. In some cases, retainage is held by the owner to complete the project, if necessary. Varying amounts of retainage are held by owners, usually 5 or 10 percent.

When selecting a subcontractor for different pieces of work. The contractor must balance scopes, and be able to compare quote to quote. This is known as _____________________

Scope Alignment

On ______________ projects the superintendent can be a "working" superintendent.

Smaller

Time Extension

Some time extensions are due to delays in the project caused by outside influences. Most contracts allow extension of contract time for delays due to "labor disputes, fire, unusual delay in deliveries, unavoidable casualties, or other causes beyond the contractor's control." Delay to the project due to unusual weather often is compensated by a time extension.

As stated in lecture, which of the following types of relationships between activities is not used as often as others?

Start to Finish (SF)

Means and Methods

The contractor's "means and methods" are considered to be under the contractor's control. Means and methods can be defined as the way in which the contractor constructs the designed product.

Substantial Completion

The point in the project when the architect has determined that the facility or a portion of the facility is acceptable for owner use and occupancy. The commonly used term for this stage of completion is beneficial occupancy, indicating when the facility can be used for its intended purpose.

Consequential Change

This occurs as a consequence of the preceding two changes. It is the impact cost that occurs on the other work that is being accomplished. Sometimes delays, resequencing and rework of other work, or the cost of extended overhead will occur. This type of change is generally the hardest to price, understand, and explain and sell to the owner and architect on the project.

T/F A jobsite is an attractive nuisance

True

T/F A work breakdown structure allows user multiple summary levels, methods of searching, selecting, and sorting schedules

True

T/F According to the text, safety considerations always supersede cost issues

True

T/F Another name for record drawings is as-built drawings.

True

T/F CM at Risk, CM/GC, GC/CM are all different names for the same delivery method

True

T/F Construction document classifications are fairly universal in the types of documents, the forms each take, and the reasons the documents are produced.

True

T/F EPC is a form of Design-Build

True

T/F EPC is used in the Industrial sector

True

T/F In the construction industry, quality is often defined as conformance to standards and secifications

True

T/F SWPP's are required by the EPA and regulated by the NPDES

True

T/F The labor agreement will contain a subcontractor clause that will prohibit the contractor from subcontracting work to nonunion firms for a particular labor classification

True

T/F The projects cost control can be used to determine crew productivity levels

True

T/F While standardized contract forms are available for the subcontract agreement, many contractors use an in-house subcontract, written by their attorneys, so that the contract is usually biased in favor of the contractor

True

_______________ are normally held with all applicable subcontractors in attendance.

Weekly Coordination Meetings

Change in scope of work

When the amount of work is changed from that contained in the contract, as indicated by the contract documents

Constructive Change

When the architect or owner representative causes the contractor to perform work outside the contract.

Schedule of Values

a written list in tabular form of the value amounts relating to the activities of work, associated with appropriate monetary amounts for each activity. The schedule of values is not time related but merely a list of the value of the construction activities, upon which progress payments are based.

What is a Change Order?

an adjustment to the contract amount and/or to the contract duration, approved, accepted, and signed by the owner, architect, and contractor. An adjustment to the contract duration is needed if the contract's schedule is impacted by the additional work or delay caused in considering the change order.

Change Orders

generally a tangible type of change. Owners can basically see the extra materials being added to the project. It should be noted that the change is authorized by a written notice and not verbal communication.

Punch List

is a list of items that must be completed or repaired prior to final completion. Without the punch list value, all of the money in the project is claimed without anything left to cover the cost of completing the punch list.

Using a Finish to Finish relationship between two activities with a lag of -2 means that the ___________ activity should finish 2 days after the other activity

predecessor

Project Cash Flow Projections

relate the schedule of values to the construction schedule, projecting the progress payments through the duration of the project. The cash flow projection approximates the progress payments for each payment period during the construction contract. Because the cash flow projection is based on the construction schedule, the projections are estimates only, as many fluctuations exist in the construction schedule.

Using a Finish to Finish relationship between two activities with a lag of +2 means that the __________ activity should finish 2 days after the other activity

successor

Most direct labor on projects today are paid _________________

weekly

Beneficial Occupancy

when the facility can be used for its intended purpose.